Ecole doctorale thématique CHIM:
Chimie moléculaire, supramoléculaire
et fonctionnelle
Prof. Guido BUSCA
Istituto di Chimica
Università di Genova (Italy)
will give a course on
ACID AND BASE CATALYSIS
IN THE INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
in the framework of the CHIM 3310 "Catalysis" course
in November 2007:
in February 2008:
Wednesday 14, from 9 to 12 am
Tuesday 12, from 3 to 5 pm
Thursday 15, from 9 to 12 and 2 to 5 pm
Wed. 13, from 9 to 12 and 2 to 5 pm
Friday 16, from 9 to 11 am
Thursday 14, from 9 to 12 am.
Room LAVO 53 - Place L. Pasteur 1 - parking n°11 or 12
Please register : eric.gaigneaux@uclouvain.be
Prof. Eric GAIGNEAUX
UCL - Unité de catalyse et chimie des matériaux divisés (CATA)
Croix du Sud 2/17 - B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
Content:
1. The concept of acidity :
Arrhenius, Brønsted and Lewis concepts of acidities.
Acidity in liquid aqueous solutions.
The Hammett function.
Superacids.
2. Liquid phase Brønsted acid catalysts :
Sulphuric acid.
Fluoridric acid.
AlCl3 based liquid acids.
Ionic liquids.
3. Acidity on solid surfaces :
Brønsted and Lewis acid sites.
Strength, amount and distribution of surface acid sites.
4. Solid acids :
Characterization techniques
5. Solid acid catalysts :
Silicas, aluminas, silica-aluminas.
Protonic zeolites - Internal cavity sites, external surface sites, extraframework sites.
H-FER, H-MFI, H.BEA, H-MOR, H-FAU, USY, REY.
Sulphated and tungasted zirconia: acid and redox sites.
Solid phosphoric acid. Heteropolyacids. Sulphonated resins.
6. Surface basicity and acido-basicity.
7. Solid bases: alkali and alkali earth oxide-based catalysts. Materials derived from
hydrothalcites. Superbases.
8. Thermodynamic instability of hydrocarbons in reducing environments:
Cracking and coking.
Coking and regeneration of solid catalysts.
Irreversible deactivation of solid catalysts.
9. Refinery processes.
The overall refinery schemes and their evolution.
Refinery products: LPG, gasoline, Diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils, petcoke, waxes and
lubricants.
10. Acid catalyzed processes in refinery:
Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Paraffin skeletal isomerization, Olefin oligomerization,
Olefin isomerization, Ethers synthesis, Isobutane alkylation (liquid and solid
catalysis). Ring opening in Diesel production.
11. Acid catalyzed petrochemical hydrocarbon processes.
Acid catalyzed processes in petrochemistry: Benzene alkylations, Xylenes
isomerization, Aromatics transalkylation, Olefins additions. Syntheses of alcohols,
synthesis of ethylene glycol.
12. Base-catalyzed industrial processes.
13. Future perspective.
Bibliography
Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH pub.
Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, by R.A. Meyers ed., McGraw-Hill pub.
G.A. Olah and A. Molnar, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Wiley.
G. Busca
“Spectroscopic characterization of the acid properties of metal oxide catalysts”
Catalysis Today, 41, 191-206 (1998)
G. Busca
"The surface acidity of solid oxides and its characterization by IR spectroscopic methods. An
attempt at systematization"
Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, 1, 723-736 (1999)
G. Busca
“The surface acidity and basicity of solid oxides and zeolites”
in “Metal Oxides: chemistry and applications”, J.L.G. Fierro editor, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.,
USA, 2005, pag. 247-318.
The course will be given in English.