Organismal Biology Section Four Exam
1. The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms is:
A. Physiology
B. Anatomy
C. Pathology
D. Histology
E. Genetics
2. Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are:
A. Tumors
B. Organ systems
C. Organs
D. Tissues
E. Organisms
3. Tissue that serves as an internal or external lining of surfaces, for protection, absorption, gas diffusion and secretion is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. None of the above answers are correct
4. Tissue that functions in receiving, processing and transmitting information by providing a communication network is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. None of the above answers are correct
5. The tissue type that functions in providing contractions that power movement is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. None of the above answers are correct
6. The systems that work together to acquire energy in and for the body are:
A. Nervous and endocrine
B. Skeletal and muscular
C. Digestive, respiratory and circulatory
D. Reproductive
E. Integumentary, immune and urinary
7. The systems that work together to protect the body from internal and external factors are:
A. Nervous and endocrine
B. Skeletal and muscular
C. Digestive, respiratory and circulatory
D. Reproductive
E. Integumentary, immune and urinary
8. The part of a neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is:
A. The axon
B. The synapse
C. The cell body
D. The dendrite
E. The node of Ranvier
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9. The junctions between one neuron and another neuron (or muscle fiber or gland) are called:
A. Axons
B. Synapses
C. Cell Bodies
D. Dendrites
E. Nodes of Ranvier
10. The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector (e.g. muscle) is the:
A. Synaptic neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Sensory neuron
D. Motor neuron
E. Schwann cell
11. A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron or muscle or gland is called a(n):
A. Neurotransmitter
B. Synaptic cleft
C. Action potential
D. Hormone
E. Neurotoxin
12. The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the:
A. Motor neuron
B. Sensory neuron
C. Spinal cord
D. Brainstem
E. Medulla oblongata
13. The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs is the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
E. Cerebrum
14. The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider intelligence, learning, and the "mind" is the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
E. Cerebrum
15. Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
A. Olfaction
B. Vision
C. Touch
D. Taste
E. Hearing
16. Receptors for the general senses are:
A. Limited to the head
B. Limited to the legs
C. Found only in the brain and spinal cord
D. Found throughout the body
E. Found only on the surface of the body
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17. In humans, which of the following type of receptor is used to primarily detect light?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Proprioreceptor
C. Chemoreceptor
D. Mechanoreceptor
E. Electroreceptor
18. In humans, which of the following type of receptor is used to primarily detect airborne or dissolved molecules?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Proprioreceptor
C. Electroreceptor
D. Thermoreceptor
E. Chemoreceptor
19. In humans, which of the following is used to primarily detect heat?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Thermoreceptor
C. Proprioreceptor
D. Mechanoreceptor
E. Chemoreceptor
20. Olfaction is another name for the:
A. Sense of body position
B. Sense of smell
C. Sense of hearing
D. Sense of pain
E. Sense of equilibrium
21. A common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape thereby altering the charge across the
membrane of a photoreceptor is:
A. Rhodopsin
B. Chlorophyll
C. Carotene
D. Glutamate
E. Tyrosine
22. The part of the eye that regulates the size of the opening for light coming into the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Iris
D. Cone
E. Lens
23. The part of the eye that serves as the opening for light to enter into the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
24. The part of the eye that focuses light onto a sheet of photoreceptors is the:
A. Cone
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
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25. The part of the eye that is a sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
26. At the snail-shaped _______________, sound is transduced into nerve impulses.
A. Vestibule
B. Cochlea
C. Malleus
D. Utricle
E. Incus
27. Hormonal functions do not include:
A. Regulating growth and development
B. Influencing appetite
C. Regulating the amount of glucose in the blood
D. Regulating the composition of body fluids
E. Enzymatic digestion of food
28. The mixed endocrine gland that primarily produces testosterone is the:
A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
E. Testes
29. The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the:
A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
E. Testes
30. An endocrine gland releases its product directly:
A. Into the circulatory system
B. Into the digestive system
C. Onto an outer epithelial surface
D. Into a body cavity
E. Into synapses of the nervous system
31. Which of the following is a primary endocrine product of the ovaries?
A. Estrogen
B. Egg cells
C. Insulin
D. Urine
E. Thyroxin
32. A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as:
A. Hepatitis
B. Acromegaly
C. Diabetes
D. Goiter
E. Osteoporosis
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33. The adrenal glands are located "on top" of:
A. The ovaries
B. The pancreas
C. The kidneys
D. The thyroid gland
E. The liver
34. Insulin is not:
A. Used to treat Type I diabetes mellitus
B. Produced by the pancreas
C. Produced by beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans
D. Involved in control of blood sugar levels
E. A hormone
35. The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure made of calcium plates or spines or cartilage or bone is a(n):
A. Endoskeleton
B. Hydrostatic skeleton
C. Gastrovascular cavity
D. Exoskeleton
E. Vascular canal
36. The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium containing shell or a chitin ‘armored suit’ is a(n):
A. Endoskeleton
B. Hydrostatic skeleton
C. Gastrovascular cavity
D. Exoskeleton
E. Vascular canal
37. Red marrow:
A. Is primarily found in the liver
B. Is primarily found in the brain
C. Is found in compact bone
D. Is where nerve cells are produced
E. Is where blood cells are produced
38. A condition in which bones become less dense is:
A. Osteoporosis
B. Acromegaly
C. Graves' disease
D. Dwarfism
E. Gigantism
39. An area where two bones meet is called a:
A. Synapse
B. Synaptic cleft
C. Joint
D. Vascular cavity
E. Olfactory bulb
40. Ligaments are connective tissues that connect _______________ to _________________.
A. Muscle, bone
B. Tendons, bone
C. Muscle, muscle
D. Bone, bone
E. Cartilage, bone
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41. Tendons are connective tissues that connect _______________ to ________________.
A. Muscle, bone
B. Ligaments, bone
C. Muscle, muscle
D. Bone, bone
E. Cartilage, bone
42. An autoimmune disorder in which there is chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint is:
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Scoliosis
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Muscular dystrophy
E. Acromegaly
43. A thick filament (versus the thin filament) of muscle is composed primarily of the protein:
A. Myosin
B. Myoglobin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Actin
E. Pectin
44. Blood:
A. Is a liquid epithelial tissue
B. Removes nutrients from the cells of the body
C. Delivers carbon dioxide to the cells of the body
D. Has only one cell type within it
E. Delivers oxygen to the cells of the body
45. The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
46. The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
47. The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
48. Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include:
A. Fish
B. Amphibians
C. Reptiles
D. Birds
E. Mammals
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49. The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the:
A. Ventricles
B. Arteries
C. Atria
D. Vascular cavities
E. Sinuses
50. The pair of major blood vessels that deliver deoxygenated blood from the body (except the lungs) to the right atrium
are the:
A. Pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
C. Superior vena cava and pulmonary vein
D. Aorta and inferior vena cava
E. Aorta and superior vena cava
51. The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the:
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. All chambers of the heart have equal forces of contraction
52. The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle is the:
A. Coronary artery
B. Aorta
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Superior vena cava
E. Inferior vena cava
53. The major blood vessel that delivers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is the:
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Superior vena cava
E. Aorta
54. The huge blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body (except the lungs) is the:
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Superior vena cava
E. Aorta
55. At the capillaries, ___________ leaves red blood cells and _____________ enters the circulation.
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen, oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide, oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
E. Sodium, oxygen
56. The force that blood exerts on artery walls is termed:
A. Peer pressure
B. Gravitational pressure
C. Osmotic pressure
D. Pulmonary pressure
E. Blood pressure
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57. The liquid matrix of blood is named:
A. Interstitial fluid
B. Water
C. Cytosol
D. Plasma
E. Lymph
58. The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are:
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Chondrocytes
E. Osteocytes
59. The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen using iron atoms is:
A. Myoglobin
B. Actin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Myosin
E. Hemoglobin
60. In many aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are:
A. Spicules
B. Alveoli
C. Tracheae
D. Spiracles
E. Gills
61. In mammals, a muscular _______________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.
A. Chest cavity
B. Rib cage
C. Trachea
D. Sternum
E. Diaphragm
62. Bacteria and other debris trapped in mucus in the lower respiratory tract are literally swept up and out of the lower
respiratory tract by waving _____________.
A. Flagella
B. Cilia
C. Pili
D. Fimbria
E. Lamella
63. The scientific name of the cartilage reinforced tube knows as the "windpipe" is the:
A. Larynx
B. Pharynx
C. Trachea
D. Vocal cords
E. Esophagus
64. The small air sacs of the lungs where gas diffusion occurs between air and capillaries are the:
A. Bronchioles
B. Arterioles
C. Spiracles
D. Alveoli
E. Uvula
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65. In the pulmonary circulation, __________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked up.
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide, oxygen
E. Nitrogen, oxygen
66. In sequence of their occurrence, the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are:
A. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
B. Ingestion, absorption, digestion, and elimination
C. Absorption, ingestion, digestion, and elimination
D. Absorption, digestion, ingestion, and elimination
E. Digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination
67. Animals that only eat plants are:
A. Omnivores
B. Carnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Detritivores
E. Insectivores
68. Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are:
A. Omnivores
B. Carnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Detritivores
E. Folivores
69. In herbivores, cellulose is primarily broken down:
A. By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores’ stomach and intestinal glands
B. By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores’ salivary glands
C. By protists, Fungi, Bacteria, and Archaea living within the herbivores’ gut
D. By parasitic worms living within the herbivore
E. By nothing — it passes through undigested
70. The primary function of the chemical “bile” produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder is to:
A. Create gallstones
B. Emulsify and breakdown carbohydrates
C. Emulsify and breakdown nucleotides
D. Emulsify and breakdown proteins
E. Emulsify and breakdown fats
71. The main site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system is the:
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
E. Liver
72. Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions in the digestive system that propel food along the system are named:
A. Countercurrent exchange
B. Phagocytosis
C. Rumination
D. Defecation
E. Peristalsis
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73. The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the:
A. Larynx
B. Trachea
C. Esophagus
D. Glottis
E. Bronchus
74. Tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine that greatly increase surface area for nutrient absorption are:
A. Cilia
B. Villi
C. Flagella
D. Glomeruli
E. Tentacles
75. The normal Bacterial and Archaeal residents of our intestines:
A. Make us sick
B. Are only of a very limited number of species
C. Provide no benefits to us
D. Use up essential nutrients and vitamins
E. Help prevent pathogens from infecting the intestine
76. An organism that manages its temperature by its own metabolism is termed a(n):
A. Homotherm
B. Ectotherm
C. Endotherm
D. Positherm
E. Thermophile
77. Which metabolic nitrogenous waste is highly toxic and, therefore, is converted to less toxic forms by animals?
A. Urea
B. Feces
C. Uric acid
D. Ammonia
E. Nitrates
78. The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the:
A. Gall bladder
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Liver
E. Adrenal gland
79. The functional unit of a kidney is a:
A. Neuron
B. Glomerulus
C. Collecting duct
D. Nephron
E. Nexus
80. A bulb-like capillary bed within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the:
A. Collecting duct
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal cortex
D. Glomerulus
E. Renal pelvis
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81. A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease causing agent without actually causing
disease is termed a(n):
A. Antibiotic
B. Sulfa drug
C. Vaccination
D. Analgesic
E. Injection
82. A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n):
A. Antibody
B. Substrate
C. Phagocyte
D. Complement protein
E. Antigen
83. A phagocyte is a:
A. Cell that primarily is used to produce antibodies
B. Cell that produces white blood cells
C. Cell that produces platelets
D. Cell that engulfs bacteria and other debris
E. Cell that transports oxygen to tissues
84. The type of white blood cell that develops into B cells or T cells is the:
A. Lymphocyte
B. Basophil
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil
E. Neutrophil
85. Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense do not include:
A. The acidity of the stomach
B. Tear fluid from the eye
C. An un-punctured skin
D. Mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract
E. Antibody production
86. A Y-shaped protein that is produced in response to a specific antigen and recognizes that specific antigen is:
A. Interferon
B. Complement
C. An antibody
D. A phagocyte
E. A B cell
87. Lymphocytes can produce millions of different types of antibodies because of a process termed:
A. Meiotic variation
B. Gene shuffling or recombination
C. Crossing over
D. Clonal deletion
E. Conjugation
88. The primary "antigen presenting cell" that engulfs and dismantles invaders to present an antigen on its surface is a:
A. Macrophage
B. B cell
C. T cell
D. Platelet
E. Erythrocyte
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89. In humoral immunity:
A. Defensive cells attack and kill invading agents by direct cell to cell contact
B. Cytotoxic T cells destroy virus-infected cells
C. Antigens initiate the production of antibodies and the particular antigen is ‘memorized’
D. Nonspecific, rapid, broad-spectrum defenses are launched
E. The primary response is much faster and stronger than the secondary response
90. The process that unites the male gametes with the female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed:
A. Fertilization
B. Conjugation
C. Crossing over
D. Gastrulation
E. Recombination
91. The diploid first cell of a new organism is a:
A. Gamete
B. Morula
C. Zygote
D. Polar body
E. Oogonium
92. In males, the sac-like structure that contains the testes allowing them to remain cooler than the rest of the body is the:
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Sustenacular cells
D. Seminal vesicle
E. Scrotum
93. The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the:
A. Oocytes
B. Follicle cells
C. Osteocytes
D. Endometrial cells
E. Polar bodies
94. The muscular sac-like organ of the mammalian female in which the fetus develops is the:
A. Uterine tube
B. Uterus
C. Clitoris
D. Vagina
E. Vulva
95. The nerve rich structure in the mammalian female that stimulates the human female to experience orgasm is the:
A. Uterine tube
B. Uterus
C. Clitoris
D. Vagina
E. Vulva
96. The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal and copulatory organ in the mammalian female is the:
A. Uterine tube
B. Uterus
C. Clitoris
D. Vagina
E. Vulva
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97. The stage of animal development in which the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm form is the:
A. Zygote
B. Embryonic stage
C. Morula
D. Gastrula
E. Fetal Stage
98. The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is the:
A. Chorionic villus
B. Umbilical cord
C. Uterine tube
D. Amnion
E. Embryonic disc
99. What did you fill in on the side of the computerized answer sheet?
A. My name (last name first), the course and section number, and the date
B. Nothing!
C. Something illegible!
D. Only my name!
E. None of the above are correct.
100. What did you fill in on the very end of the computerized answer sheet:
A. My VSU student ID, printed and bubbled in
B. Nothing!
C. The wrong VSU student ID!
D. Only the printed number, no bubbles!
E. None of the above are correct
Extra Credit — you’ve been asking for this all semester long! This is the only absolutely fair way that I could think of
to do this, since most everybody is here taking this test, and you only have so much time, the same as everybody else, to
do it. Furthermore, I will have the time to read and evaluate your answers over the Thanksgiving break. This can count
as much as any one sectional exam, that is up to 10% of the entire class grade, enough to easily move you from one
grade bracket to the next, if you do well enough:
On the back side of the Scantron answer sheet write a complete paragraph or more about the joke I made last time:
“There is no bone in your boner.” Remember, I told you that most mammals, including all other primates, do have a bone
in their penis called the baculum, but Homo sapiens lost it in their evolution. A few other mammals also secondarily lost
the baculum — including horses, rabbits, hyenas, and whales — and it is quite reduced, but present, in the other Great
Apes. Why do you think that humans lost the baculum in their evolution? Try to use sound evolutionary thought in your
answer. What possible adaptive advantage could be attributed to this loss? You need to use complete sentences, and
make sense. I will give partial credit, from 0 to 10, depending on content and how well you explain yourself. Proper
English writing form matters!
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Organismal Biology Section Four Exam Key
1. The study of the function of all of the body's parts is:
A. Physiology
B. Anatomy
C. Pathology
D. Histology
E. Genetics
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #4
Question Type: Knowledge
2. Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function defines the term:
A. Tumor
B. Organ system
C. Organ
D. Tissue
E. None of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #6
Question Type: Knowledge
3. The tissue type that functions in acting as a lining or covering of organs and absorption, gas diffusion and secretion is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #13
Question Type: Comprehension
4. The tissue type that functions in receiving, processing and transmitting information by providing a communication
network among cells is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #15
Question Type: Comprehension
1
5. The tissue type that functions in providing contractions that power movement is:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #16
Question Type: Comprehension
6. The systems that work together to acquire energy are:
A. Nervous and endocrine
B. Skeletal and muscular
C. Digestive, respiratory and circulatory
D. Reproductive and integumentary
E. Urinary and immune
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #39
Question Type: Comprehension
7. The systems that work together to protect the body are:
A. Nervous and endocrine
B. Skeletal and muscular
C. Digestive, respiratory and circulatory
D. Reproductive and respiratory
E. Integumentary, immune and urinary
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27 #40
Question Type: Comprehension
8. The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is
the:
A. Axon
B. Synapse
C. Cell body
D. Dendrite
E. Node of Ranvier
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #8
Question Type: Comprehension
2
9. The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called:
A. Axons
B. Synapses
C. Dendrites
D. Trigger zones
E. Nodes of Ranvier
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #10
Question Type: Comprehension
10. The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the:
A. Synaptic neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Sensory neuron
D. Motor neuron
E. Schwann cell
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #16
Question Type: Comprehension
11. A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(an):
A. Neurotransmitter
B. Synaptic cleft
C. Action potential
D. Hormone
E. Neurotoxin
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #29
Question Type: Knowledge
12. The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the:
A. Motor neuron
B. Sensory neuron
C. Spinal cord
D. Brainstem
E. Medulla oblongata
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #40
Question Type: Comprehension
3
13. The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs is the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
E. Cerebrum
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #43
Question Type: Comprehension
14. The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
E. Cerebrum
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28 #47
Question Type: Comprehension
15. Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
A. Olfaction
B. Vision
C. Touch
D. Taste
E. Hearing
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #5
Question Type: Comprehension
16. Receptors for the general senses are:
A. Limited to the head
B. Limited to the legs
C. Found only in the brain and spinal cord
D. Found throughout the body
E. Found only on the surface of the body
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #6
Question Type: Comprehension
4
17. In humans, which of the following type of receptor is used to primarily detect light?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Proprioreceptor
C. Chemoreceptor
D. Mechanoreceptor
E. Electroreceptor
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #7
Question Type: Comprehension
18. In humans, which of the following type of receptor is used to primarily detect airborne or dissolved molecules?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Proprioreceptor
C. Electroreceptor
D. Thermoreceptor
E. Chemoreceptor
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #8
Question Type: Comprehension
19. In humans, which of the following is used to primarily detect heat?
A. Photoreceptor
B. Thermoreceptor
C. Proprioreceptor
D. Mechanoreceptor
E. Chemoreceptor
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #9
Question Type: Comprehension
20. Olfaction is another name for the:
A. Sense of body position
B. Sense of smell
C. Sense of hearing
D. Sense of pain
E. Sense of equilibrium
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #19
Question Type: Knowledge
5
21. A common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape thereby altering the charge across the
membrane of a photoreceptor is:
A. Rhodopsin
B. Chlorophyll
C. Carotene
D. Glutamate
E. Tyrosine
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #23
Question Type: Knowledge
22. The part of the eye that regulates the size of the opening for light coming into the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Iris
D. Cone
E. Lens
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #24
Question Type: Comprehension
23. The part of the eye that serves as the opening for light to enter into the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #25
Question Type: Comprehension
24. The part of the eye that focuses light onto a sheet of photoreceptors is the:
A. Cone
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #26
Question Type: Comprehension
6
25. The part of the eye that is a sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B. Pupil
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. Lens
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #27
Question Type: Comprehension
26. At the snail-shaped _______________, sound is transduced into nerve impulses.
A. Vestibule
B. Cochlea
C. Malleus
D. Utricle
E. Incus
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29 #40
Question Type: Comprehension
27. Hormonal functions include:
A. Regulating growth and development
B. Influencing appetite
C. Regulating the amount of glucose in the blood
D. Regulating the composition of body fluids
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #2
Question Type: Comprehension
28. The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the:
A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
E. Testes
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #7
Question Type: Comprehension
7
29. The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the:
A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
E. Testes
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #8
Question Type: Comprehension
30. An endocrine gland releases its product directly:
A. Into the circulatory system
B. Into the digestive system
C. Onto an outer epithelial surface
D. Into a body cavity
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #13
Question Type: Comprehension
31. Which of the following is a primary endocrine product of the ovaries?
A. Estrogen
B. Egg cells
C. Progesterone
D. All of the above are correct
E. Only A and C are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #25
Question Type: Comprehension
32. A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as:
A. Hepatitis
B. Acromegaly
C. Diabetes
D. A goiter
E. Osteoporosis
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #35
Question Type: Knowledge
8
33. The adrenal glands are located "on top" of:
A. The ovaries
B. The pancreas
C. The kidneys
D. The thyroid gland
E. The liver
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #41
Question Type: Knowledge
34. Insulin:
A. Is used to treat diabetes mellitus
B. Is produced by the pancreas
C. Is produced by Islets of Langerhans
D. Is produced by beta cells
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30 #44
Question Type: Comprehension
35. The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(an):
A. Endoskeleton
B. Hydrostatic skeleton
C. Gastrovascular cavity
D. Exoskeleton
E. Vascular canal
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #6
Question Type: Knowledge
36. The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium containing shell or chitin is a(an):
A. Endoskeleton
B. Hydrostatic skeleton
C. Gastrovascular cavity
D. Exoskeleton
E. Vascular canal
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #7
Question Type: Comprehension
9
37. Red marrow:
A. Is primarily found in compact bone
B. Is primarily found in spongy bone
C. Is a nursery for blood cells
D. Is found throughout long bones
E. Only B and C are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #21
Question Type: Comprehension
38. A condition in which bones become less dense is:
A. Osteoporosis
B. Acromegaly
C. Graves' disease
D. Dwarfism
E. Gigantism
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #25
Question Type: Knowledge
39. An area where two bones meet is called a:
A. Synapse
B. Synaptic cleft
C. Joint
D. Vascular cavity
E. Olfactory bulb
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #27
Question Type: Knowledge
40. Ligaments are connective tissues that connect _______________ to _________________.
A. Muscle, bone
B. Tendons, bone
C. Muscle, muscle
D. Bone, bone
E. Cartilage, bone
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #28
Question Type: Comprehension
10
41. Tendons are connective tissues that connect _______________ to ________________.
A. Muscle, bone
B. Ligaments, bone
C. Muscle, muscle
D. Bone, bone
E. Cartilage, bone
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #29
Question Type: Comprehension
42. A disorder in which there is chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint is:
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Scoliosis
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Muscular dystrophy
E. Acromegaly
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #31
Question Type: Comprehension
43. A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein:
A. Myosin
B. Myoglobin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Actin
E. Pectin
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31 #36
Question Type: Knowledge
44. Blood:
A. Is a liquid connective tissue
B. Delivers food to the cells of the body
C. Delivers oxygen to the cells of the body
D. Helps remove wastes from the body
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #1
Question Type: Comprehension
11
45. The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #2
Question Type: Comprehension
46. The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #3
Question Type: Comprehension
47. The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymph vessels
E. Sieve tubes
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #4
Question Type: Comprehension
48. Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include:
A. Fish
B. Amphibians
C. Reptiles
D. Birds
E. Mammals
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #6
Question Type: Knowledge
12
49. The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the:
A. Ventricles
B. Arteries
C. Atria
D. Vascular cavities
E. Sinuses
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #9
Question Type: Knowledge
50. The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the:
A. Pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
C. Superior vena cava and pulmonary vein
D. Aorta and inferior vena cava
E. Aorta and superior vena cava
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #14
Question Type: Comprehension
51. The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the:
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. All chambers of the heart have equal forces of contraction
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #15
Question Type: Comprehension
52. The artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle is the:
A. Coronary artery
B. Aorta
C. Carotid artery
D. Superior vena cava
E. Inferior vena cava
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #17
Question Type: Knowledge
13
53. The major vein that delivers blood from the lungs to the heart is the:
A. Femoral vein
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Superior vena cava
E. Jugular vein
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #25
Question Type: Comprehension
54. The major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is the
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Carotid artery
C. Renal artery
D. Aorta
E. Brachial artery
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #28
Question Type: Comprehension
55. At the capillaries, ___________ leaves red blood cells and _____________ enters the circulation.
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen, oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide, oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
E. Sodium, oxygen
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #31
Question Type: Comprehension
56. The force that blood exerts on artery walls is termed:
A. Veinous pressure
B. Gravitational pressure
C. Osmotic pressure
D. Pulmonary pressure
E. Blood pressure
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #32
Question Type: Comprehension
14
57. The liquid matrix of blood is:
A. Interstitial fluid
B. Water
C. Cytosol
D. Plasma
E. Lymph
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #44
Question Type: Knowledge
58. The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are:
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Chondrocytes
E. Osteocytes
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #45
Question Type: Knowledge
59. The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is:
A. Myoglobin
B. Actin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Myosin
E. Hemoglobin
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32 #48
Question Type: Comprehension
60. In aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are:
A. Spicules
B. Alveoli
C. Tracheae
D. Spiracles
E. Gills
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #10
Question Type: Comprehension
15
61. In mammals, a muscular _______________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.
A. Chest cavity
B. Rib cage
C. Trachea
D. Sternum
E. Diaphragm
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #15
Question Type: Knowledge
62. Bacteria trapped in mucus in the lower respiratory tract are literally swept up and out of the lower respiratory tract by
waving _____________.
A. Flagella
B. Cilia
C. Pili
D. Fimbria
E. Lamella
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #23
Question Type: Comprehension
63. The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the:
A. Larynx
B. Pharynx
C. Trachea
D. Vocal cords
E. Esophagus
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #24
Question Type: Knowledge
64. The small air sacs of the lungs are the:
A. Bronchioles
B. Arterioles
C. Spiracles
D. Alveoli
E. Uvula
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #27
Question Type: Knowledge
16
65. In the pulmonary circulation, ___________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked
up.
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide, oxygen
E. Nitrogen, oxygen
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33 #36
Question Type: Comprehension
66. In sequence of their occurrence, the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are:
A. Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination
B. Ingestion, absorption, digestion and elimination
C. Absorption, ingestion, digestion and elimination
D. Absorption, digestion, ingestion and elimination
E. Digestion, absorption, ingestion and elimination
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #4
Question Type: Comprehension
67. Animals that eat only plants are:
A. Omnivores
B. Carnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Detritivores
E. Insectivores
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #5
Question Type: Knowledge
68. Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are:
A. Omnivores
B. Carnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Detritivores
E. Folivores
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #6
Question Type: Knowledge
17
69. In herbivores, cellulose is primarily broken down:
A. By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores stomach glands
B. By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores salivary glands
C. By bacteria living within the herbivore
D. By helminthes living within the herbivore
E. By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores intestinal glands
Difficulty Level: High
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #14
Question Type: Comprehension
70. The function of bile is to:
A. Digest proteins
B. Digest carbohydrates
C. Digest nucleotides
D. Emulsify proteins
E. Emulsify fats
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #19
Question Type: Comprehension
71. The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the:
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
E. Rectum
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #20
Question Type: Comprehension
72. Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system
are termed:
A. Countercurrent exchange
B. Phagocytosis
C. Rumination
D. Sphincter contractions
E. Peristalsis
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #23
Question Type: Comprehension
18
73. The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the:
A. Larynx
B. Trachea
C. Esophagus
D. Glottis
E. Bronchus
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #30
Question Type: Knowledge
74. Tiny finger-like projections along the small intestine that are used to absorb nutrients are:
A. Cilia
B. Villi
C. Flagella
D. Pacinian corpuscles
E. Tentacles
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #33
Question Type: Knowledge
75. The normal bacterial residents of our intestines are beneficial to us in that they:
A. Help prevent pathogens from infecting the intestine
B. Produce vitamin K
C. Produce vitamin B
D. Decompose some nutrients
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34 #35
Question Type: Comprehension
76. An organism that manages its temperature by its own metabolism is termed a(an):
A. Homotherm
B. Ectotherm
C. Endotherm
D. Positherm
E. Thermophile
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35 #5
Question Type: Knowledge
19
77. Which nitrogenous waste produced by animals during metabolism is highly toxic and therefore cannot be stored and
excreted in concentrated form?
A. Urea
B. Nucleotides
C. Uric acid
D. Ammonia
E. None of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35 #20
Question Type: Knowledge
78. The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the:
A. Gall bladder
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Liver
E. Adrenal gland
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35 #23
Question Type: Knowledge
79. The functional unit of a kidney is a:
A. Neuron
B. Glomerulus
C. Collecting duct
D. Nephron
E. Nexus
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35 #27
Question Type: Comprehension
80. A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the:
A. Collecting duct
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal cortex
D. Glomerulus
E. Renal pelvis
Difficulty Level: High
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35 #31
Question Type: Comprehension
20
81. A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease causing agent without actually causing
disease is termed a(an):
A. Antibiotic
B. Sulfa drug
C. Vaccination
D. Analgesic
E. Injection
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #4
Question Type: Comprehension
82. A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(an):
A. Antibody
B. Substrate
C. Phagocyte
D. Complement protein
E. Antigen
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #5
Question Type: Comprehension
83. A phagocyte is a:
A. Cell that primarily is used to produce antibodies
B. Cell that produces white blood cells
C. Cell that produces platelets
D. Cell that engulfs bacteria
E. Cell that transports oxygen to tissues
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #9
Question Type: Comprehension
84. The type of white blood cell that develops into B cells or T cells is the
A. Lymphocyte
B. Basophil
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil
E. Neutrophil
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #10
Question Type: Comprehension
21
85. Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include:
A. The acidity of the stomach
B. Tear fluid from the eye
C. An un-punctured skin
D. Mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract
E. All of the above are correct
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #19
Question Type: Comprehension
86. A Y-shaped protein that is produced in response to a specific antigen and recognizes these antigens is:
A. Interferon
B. Complement
C. An antibody
D. A phagocyte
E. A B cell
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #26
Question Type: Comprehension
87. Lymphocytes can produce millions of different types of antibodies because of a process termed:
A. Meiotic variation
B. Gene shuffling
C. Crossing over
D. Clonal expansion
E. Conjugation
Difficulty Level: High
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #28
Question Type: Comprehension
88. A primary "antigen presenting cell," a cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell is a:
A. Macrophage
B. B cell
C. T cell
D. Plasma cell
E. Chondrocyte
Difficulty Level: High
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #30
Question Type: Comprehension
22
89. In humoral immunity:
A. Defensive cells attack and kill invading agents by direct cell to cell contact
B. Cytotoxic T cells destroy virus-infected cells
C. Antibodies are produced that destroy invading pathogens
D. Both A and B are correct
E. Both B and C are correct
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36 #32
Question Type: Comprehension
90. The process that unites the male gametes with the female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed:
A. Fertilization
B. Conjugation
C. Crossing over
D. Gastrulation
E. Recombination
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #3
Question Type: Comprehension
91. The diploid first cell of a new organism is a:
A. Gamete
B. Morula
C. Zygote
D. Polar body
E. Oogonium
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #4
Question Type: Knowledge
92. In the male, the sac-like structure that contains the testes is the:
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Sustenacular cells
D. Seminal vesicle
E. Scrotum
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #6
Question Type: Knowledge
23
93. The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the:
A. Oocytes
B. Follicle cells
C. Osteocytes
D. Endometrial cells
E. Polar bodies
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #22
Question Type: Comprehension
94. The muscular sac-like organ of the human female in which the fetus develops is the:
A. Ovary
B. Uterus
C. Pubic symphysis
D. Vagina
E. Vulva
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #24
Question Type: Comprehension
95. The inch-long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the:
A. Clitoris
B. Cervix
C. Pubic symphysis
D. Bulbo-urethral gland
E. Labia minora
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #27
Question Type: Comprehension
96. The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the:
A. Cervix
B. Vulva
C. Uterus
D. Uterine tube
E. Vagina
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #28
Question Type: Comprehension
24
97. The stage of human development in which the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm form is the:
A. Zygote
B. Embryonic stage
C. Morula
D. Gastrula
E. Fetal Stage
Difficulty Level: High
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #42
Question Type: Comprehension
98. The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is the:
A. Chorionic villus
B. Umbilical cord
C. Uterine tube
D. Fallopian tube
E. Embryonic disc
Difficulty Level: Low
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37 #46
Question Type: Comprehension
25
Organismal Biology Section Four Exam Summary
Category
# of Questions
Difficulty Level: High
5
Difficulty Level: Low
49
Difficulty Level: Moderate
44
Hoefnagels - Chapter 27
7
Hoefnagels - Chapter 28
7
Hoefnagels - Chapter 29
12
Hoefnagels - Chapter 30
8
Hoefnagels - Chapter 31
9
Hoefnagels - Chapter 32
16
Hoefnagels - Chapter 33
6
Hoefnagels - Chapter 34
10
Hoefnagels - Chapter 35
5
Hoefnagels - Chapter 36
9
Hoefnagels - Chapter 37
9
Question Type: Comprehension
70
Question Type: Knowledge
28
1