Chapters 7 and 13
This is meant to be a helpful guide.
You should read your chapters and study all of your notes.
1. What are the three biggest threats to coral reefs?
2. Describe other threats to coral reefs.
3. Classify each of the following as benthos, nekton, phytoplankton,
zooplankton, or ultraplankton:
a. Sharks
b. Oysters
c. Sand worms
d. Crabs
e. Algae
f. Predatory fish
g. Dolphins
h. Sea turtles
i. Cyanobacteria
j. Krill
4. Oceans cover what percent of Earth’s surface?
5. Choose coastal zone, euphotic zone, bathyl zone, or abyssal zone:
a. Highest NPP per unit area
b. Occupies the continental shelf
c. Highest biodiversity
d. Includes Mangrove swamps
e. Highest levels of dissolved oxygen
f. Highest levels of dissolved carbon dioxide
g. Upwelling takes place
h. Chemosynthesis takes place
i. LEAST likely to contain photosynthetic organisms
6. Why do temperature and salinity levels vary widely in estuaries and
coastal wetlands?
7. Why are estuaries, mangrove swamps, and coastal wetlands such
important ecosystems?
8. Why are dunes important components of barrier islands?
9. What can be done to reduce bycatch in commercial fishing?
10. How is each of the following supposed to help halt aquatic species’
extinction?
a. ITQ’s (individual transfer quotas)
b. MPA’s (marine protected areas)
c. Marine reserves
d. IWC (International Whaling commission)
e. CITES
f. TEDs (turtle exclusion devices)
g. MMPA (marine mammal protection act)
h. Reconciliation Ecology
11. Describe the role of the IWC and whether or not it helps to maintain
cetacean populations.
12. What are the pros and cons of aquaculture?
13. Choose littoral, limnetic, profundal, or benthic:
a. Highest NPP per unit area
b. Rooted and emergent plants are found here
c. Open water that contains algae
d. Layer with mostly decomposers and detritus feeders
e. Open water with highest levels of dissolved oxygen
14. Choose oligotrophic or eutrophic:
a. Murky brown or green
b. High NPP
c. Smaller populations of fish
d. Large populations of phytoplankton
e. Colder temperatures
15. For lakes: choose spring, fall, summer, or winter (you can choose more
than one!)
a. Oxygen brought down to bottom
b. Warm/less dense water stays on top
c. Stratified layers
d. Nutrients brought to top
e. Overturn
f. Steep thermocline
16. What are the limiting factors for:
a. Oligotrophic lakes
b. Upper zones of lakes (such as limnetic and euphotic)
c. Lower zones of lakes (such as benthic and abyssal)
17. Which of the following is most likely to limit primary production in
freshwater lakes? P, N, CO2, Ca, Mg, Fe, C, or S (HINT: think back to
chapter 4 and nutrient cycles)
18. Case studies:
a. Commercial whaling
b. The blue whale
c. The Florida Everglades
d. The Great Lakes
e. The Colombia River
f. Lake Victoria (INTRO PAGE)
g. The Cove
19. Review:
a. Synergy
b. Positive feedback loop
c. Negative feedback loop
d. Time delay