Chapter 1:
The cartoon of the Wellington-Winchilsea duel that I discuss is available, with another
better-known one of the event by William Heath, at the British Cartoon Archive of the
University of Kent
http://opal.kent.ac.uk/cartoonx-cgi/ccc.py?mode=single&start=0&search=M0028456MU
Many of the documents surrounding the duel are to be found in Volume V of
Wellington’s Despatches, on the pages following 533, which can be found on Google
Books:
http://books.google.com/books?id=cNjRJ2u0e0oC&pg=RA1PA533&dq=Duke+of+Wellington+Despatches+Winchilsea++Armagh&client=firefoxa#v=onepage&q=&f=false
The statistics I quote on capital punishment in England are derived from
http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/circuits.html
and
http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/overviewt.html
References in footnotes:
6: A copy of the note, from the archives of King’s College, London is at:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel08a.htm
7: Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1765-69) Book IV: Chapter 14 “Of Homicide,”
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/blackstone_bk4ch14.asp
9: Syr Thomas Malory Le Morte Darthur the original edition of William Caxton now
reprinted and edited with an introduction and glossary by H. Oskar Sommer; with an
essay on Malory’s prose style by Andrew Lang (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of
Michigan Humanities Text Initiative, 1997): 291.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/textidx?c=cme;idno=MaloryWks2;rgn=div2;view=text;cc=cme;node=MaloryWks2%3A10.1
2
25: V. Cathrein “Duel” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V (New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1909)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05184b.htm
26: Council of Trent, 25th Session, 3rd and 4th of December 1563, “On Reformation,”
Chapter 19. Available at page 274 on:
http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0432/_P2J.HTM
34: Jeremy Bentham An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1823)
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907) Chapter 13, para. 2
http://www.econlib.org/library/Bentham/bnthPML13.html#Chapter%20XIII,%20Cases%
20Unmeet%20for%20Punishment
36: Hume, David. Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary. Library of Economics and
Liberty. The comments on dueling added to the essay “Of the Rise and Progress of the
Arts and Sciences” are at:
http://www.econlib.org/library/LFBooks/Hume/hmMPL50.html#VR.I.116
37: Francis Hutcheson, Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria with a Short
Introduction to Moral Philosophy Luigi Turco (ed.) (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2007).
Chapter: CHAPTER XV: Of Rights Arising from Damage Done, and the Rights of War.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=2059&chap
ter=155387&layout=html&Itemid=27
39: Adam Smith Lectures On Jurisprudence R.. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P. G. Stein
(ed.) vol. V of the Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith
(Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982). Chapter: Friday. January 21st. 1763.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=196&chapt
er=55597&layout=html&Itemid=27
40: William Godwin, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on
General Virtue and Happiness, vol. 1 (London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793). Chapter:
Appendix, No. II.: Of Duelling
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/90/40264
45: From the account offered by King’s College London at
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel12.htm
46: This cartoon is available, with another better-known one of the event by William
Heath, , on the Web site of King’s College London:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel16.htm
52: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/wellington/duel12.htm
56: Mill, The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XVIII - Essays on Politics and
Society Part I, John M. Robson (ed.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977). Chapter: De Tocqueville On Democracy In America
[II] 1840
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/233/16544/799649
Chapter 2:
References in footnotes:
48: See “Mrs. Archibald Little, About the Author”
http://www.readaroundasia.co.uk/miclittle.html
Chapter 3:
Frederick Douglass’s Farewell to the British People is available from the Gilder Lehrman
Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance and Abolition at Yale
http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1086.htm
“The motto of a Radical politician should be, Government by means of the middle for the
working classes.” John Stuart Mill
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/245/21425/736500
References in footnotes:
1: Lecky, op. cit. Chapter 1: The Natural History Of Morals.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/1839/104744/2224856
44: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr
47: Thomas Hobbes, Hobbes’s Leviathan reprinted from the edition of 1651 with an
Essay by the Late W. G. Pogson Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909). Chapter:
CHAP. XVII.: Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Common-Wealth.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/869/208775/3397532
Chapter 4
Estimating the global Pashtun population: According to the CIA World Factbook, 42% of
the Afghan population, or about 14.1 million people, and 15.42% of the Pakistani
population, or 27.2 million people, are Pashtuns, and in these two countries Pasthun
identity goes with speaking some dialect of Pashto. The Pashtun population of these two
countries is thus more than 41 million.
Afghanistan:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/countrytemplate_af.html
Pakistan:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html
In India people of Pashtun descent tend to be called Pathans, and it is sometimes said that
there are twice as many Indian Pathans as Afghan Pashtuns. (See e.g. Shams Ur Rehman
Alavi “Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan” Hindustan Times December 11,
2008
http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=NLetter&id=3
165e517-1e21-47a8-a46a-fc3ef957b4b1
Most of these people no longer speak Pashto, the Pashtun language, however, and in the
2001 Indian census only about 11 million Indians claimed Pashto as their mother tongue.
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/State
ment1.htm
So there are at least 52,000,000 Pashto speakers in the world, and more than 70 million
people who claim some sort of Pashtun identity. There are also at least several hundred
thousand Pashtuns in the Middle East, Europe and North America.
The Pakistan National Commission on the Status of Women Report on the Qisas and
Diyat Ordinance 1990 can be retrieved from the UN Secretary-General’s Database on
Violence Against Women at
http://webapps01.un.org/vawdatabase/searchDetail.action?measureId=18083&baseHREF
=country&baseHREFId=997
To gain a sense of the semantic range of some terms for honor in Pashto, consider these
sample dictionary entries from an old Pashto-English dictionary: “ghairat, s.m. …
Modesty, bashfulness, courage, honor. 2. Jealousy, enmity, emulation, a nice sense of
honor.” “nang, s.m. … Honor, reputation, good name, esteem. 2. Disgrace, infamy.” Also
in the compound “nām-o-nang, Honor, reputation; shame, disgrace,” where nām means
name. From the Arabic: “āb-rū, s.m. … Honour, reputation, character, renown, good
name.” Henry George Raverty A dictionary of the Puk’hto, Pus’hto, or language of the
Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental
tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. (London: Williams and Norgate,
1867): 745, 989, 967, 4. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty
References in footnotes:
1: Richard Galpin “Woman’s ‘honour’ killing draws protests in Pakistan,” The Guardian,
London, England, April 8 1999.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/apr/08/14
5: “Il consiglio che voglio dare è di stare sempre attenti, ma di prendere ogni decisione
seguendo sempre il proprio cuore.” Interview with Riccardo Vescovo, published on 17
January 2006 in the Testata giornalistica dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo
http://www.ateneonline-aol.it/060117ric.php
6: “State of the World Population” UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 2000
http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2000/english/ch03.html
7: Salman Masood “Pakistan Tries to Curb ‘Honor Killings’” New York Times Oct 27
2004.
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/international/asia/27stan.html
Islam Online January 11 2007.
http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1168265536796&pagena
me=Zone-English-News/NWELayout
8:
http://www.scci.org.pk/formerpre.htm
9: Suzanne Goldberg “A Question of Honor” The Guardian, London, England, May 27
1999,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/may/27/gender.uk1
15: Zaffer Abbas, “Pakistan Fails to Condemn ‘Honour’ Killings,” BBC Online, August
3, 1999
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/410422.stm
16: Irfan Husain “Those without Voices” Dawn Online Edition, Karachi, Pakistan, Sep 6
2008
http://www.dawn.com/weekly/mazdak/20080609.htm
18: “MoC consulting stakeholders on new ATTA” The Business Recorder November 19
2009
http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=988220.
23: http://www.paklinks.com/gs/culture-literature-linguistics/148820-ghairat.html
24: Jason Bourke “Teenage rape victim executed for bringing ‘shame’ to her tribesmen”
The Guardian, April 18 1999
http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3855659,00.html
25: http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/preamble.html
29: Naeem Shakir “Women and religious minorities under the Hudood Laws in
Pakistan.” Posted on 2004-07-02
http://www.article2.org/mainfile.php/0303/144/
30: David Montero “Rape Law Reform Roils Pakistan’s Islamists” Christian Science
Monitor Nov 17 2006
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1117/p07s02-wosc.html
33: Beena Sarwar “No ‘honour’ in killing” The News International September 3, 2008
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=133499
(Beena Sarwar is not related to Samia Sarwar.)
38: There is a chain of public women’s refuges called Dar ul-Amans in Pakistan, of
which the first was founded in Lahore many years ago. But these are widely reputed to be
very unfriendly places. See Meera Jamal “Hapless women call Darul Aman ‘no less than
prison’” Dawn Internet Edition August 13 2007.
http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/13/local1.htm
Chapter 5:
References in footnotes:
5: John Locke The Works of John Locke in Nine Volumes Twelfth ed. (London:
Rivington, 1824) Vol. 8. Chapter: Some Thoughts Concerning Education.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/1444/81467/1930382
15: Atul Gawande “The Cost Conundrum: What a Texas Town Can Teach us about
Health Care,” The New Yorker June 1, 2009
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/06/01/090601fa_fact_gawande
16: “Rumsfeld Testifies Before Armed Services Committee,” transcript of Senate
testimony on Friday May 7th 2004, at washingtonpost.com
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8575-2004May7.html
17: Ian Fishback letter to Senator John McCain, printed in the Washington Post on 28
September, 2005, under the headline “A Matter of Honor”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701527_pf.html
20: Tim Dickinson, “The Solider: Capt. Ian Fishback,” Rolling Stone Dec 15, 2005;
http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8957325/capt_ian_fishback