Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.1 Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule
ionic bond
covalent bond
metallic bonds
Lewis Symbols
valence electrons
[see Table 8.1; be able to relate electron configuration to Lewis symbol]
[copy example for sulfur]
The Octet Rule [copy italics]
8.2 Ionic Bonding
[8.1]
[8.2]
Energetics of Ionic Bond Formation
lattice energy [copy italics & 8.3]
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
[copy Coulomb’s Law; note 8.4 is not Coulomb’s Law but is close]
[copy italics that summarize magnitude of lattice energy]
Electron Configurations of Ions of the Representative Elements
Why do metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons?
Transition-Metal ions
[copy italics; note these ions do not need to have a noble gas configuration]
Polyatomic Ions
Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.3 Covalent Bonding
covalent bond
Lewis Structures
Multiple Bonds
single bond, double bond, and triple bond
What is the relationship between number of bonds and bond length?
8.4 Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
bond polarity
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
Electronegativity (define)
Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
nonpolar
polar
[copy italics that summarize relationship between electronegatvity and polarity]
Dipole Moments
polar molecule
dipole and dipole moment
Bond Types and Nomenclature
[When do transition metal compounds behave more like molecular compounds?]
Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.5 Drawing Lewis Structures
List the rules needed when making Lewis structures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Formal Charge
The formal charge of an atom equals …
The sum of formal charges add up to …
How is formal charge used?
8.6 Resonance Structures [draw resonance structures for ozone]
Resonance in Benzene [draw resonance structures for benzene]
[How does the C-C bond length compare to single and double bonds]
Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.7 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Odd Number of Electrons [copy Lewis structure for NO]
Less than an Octet [copy the most important Lewis structure for BF3]
More than an Octet
[What type of elements can accommodate more than on octet?]
[What is better to satisfy: the octet rule or formal charges?]
8.8 Strengths of Covalent Bonds
bond enthalpies
Bond Enthalpies and the Enthalpies of Reactions
[Note: used to estimate enthalpies of reaction]
[8.12]
Bond Enthalpy and Bond Length [state relationship shown in italics]