Name ____________________________
Date ______________
Period ____________
Advanced Biology ~ Reading Guide Chapter 8
8-1 “Energy and Life”
1. Originally, the energy in most food comes from the ___________.
2. Definitions:
autotroph = _____________________________________________________
heterotroph = ___________________________________________________
3. The chemical compound ____________ ______________, abbreviated ATP, is used to store energy.
4. Cells use the energy provided by ATP in a number of ways, including ______________ transport.
5. A single glucose molecule stores more than _________ times the chemical energy of an ATP molecule.
8-2 “Photosynthesis: An overview”
1. Plants use the energy of ______________ to convert water and CO2 into oxygen and carbohydrates.
2. In the 1600’s, Jan van Helmont concluded that trees gain most of their mass from ______________.
3. The English minister ______________ _____________ observed that plants can “restore” the air.
4. Jan Ingenhousz showed that plants restore the air only when exposed to _________________.
5. In the space below, write the full balanced equation for photosynthesis.
_______________ + ______________ (+ sunlight)  _____________ + _____________
6. Plants use sugars (made from photosynthesis) to build complex carbohydrates like ______________.
7. Plants obtain ________________ _______________ from the air or water in which they grow.
8. Definitions:
pigments = ______________________________________________________
chlorophyll = ____________________________________________________
9. The two main types of chlorophyll are _____________________ and ______________________.
10. Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the _____________ and red regions of the visible spectrum.
11. When chlorophyll absorbs light, much of the energy is transferred directly to _______________.
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8-3 “The Reactions of Photosynthesis”
1. In plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside ______________.
2. Definitions:
thylakoids = ____________________________________________________
stroma = ______________________________________________________
3. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as ___________, which help capture the energy of sunlight.
4. The light-dependent reactions take place in the _______________________ membranes.
5. The second stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, takes place in the ________________.
6. A ______________ molecule accepts high-energy electrons and transfers them to another molecule.
7. The conversion of NADP+ into _______________ helps to trap solar energy into chemical form.
8. High-energy electrons are carried to __________________ reactions elsewhere in the cell.
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS:
9. The light-dependent reactions use energy from light to produce _____________ and NADPH.
10. High-energy electrons move through the _____________ ________________ ____________
from Photosystem II to Photosystem I.
11. New electrons from ___________ molecules are used to replace the electrons lost from chlorophyll.
12. An enzyme called _________ ______________ produces ATP by allowing H + ions to pass through it.
13. High-energy electrons and H+ ions are picked up by NADP+ to form ___________________.
THE CALVIN CYCLE:
14. ___________ Calvin discovered the cycle that uses ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars.
15. Six ____________ _______________ molecules enter the cycle from the atmosphere.
16. Two 3-carbon molecules from the cycle are used to make a single 6-carbon ____________ molecule.
FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
17. Plants that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves that prevents __________ loss.
18. At temperatures above __________ or below ___________, photosynthesis may stop entirely.
19. Increasing light _______________ will increase the rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level.
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