SCOTLAND
I Government
A. Minorities
B. Mary, Queen of Scots(Darnley and Bothwell)
C. James and Earl of Morton (1572-78)
D. King - 1585
II. Population
A. Countryside
B. Towns
C. Poverty
D. Clans(kinship) and Feudalism(land-holding)
III. Church
A. Knox and BOOK OF DISCIPLINE, 1560 B.
Andrew Melville, SECOND BOOK OF
DISCIPLINE, 1581
(Local, presyb. synods, kirk
C. Crown
IV. Foreign Relations
A. France
B. England
l. Reformation 2. Other
James IV d. 1513 m. Margaret Tudor
James V d. 1542 m. Mary of Guise
Mary, queen of Scots d. 1587 m. Lord Darnley
James VI and I d. 1625 m. Anne of Denmark
LATE TUDOR AND EARLY STUART
ENGLAND
I. Population and Inflation
II. Country Status
A. Court
B. Community: Nobility and Titles
1. Government
2. Expenses
3. Military
4. Privileges: Lords
C. Lesser Aristocracy
1. Baronet-hereditary
2. Knights
3. Esquires
4. Gentlemen
D. Yeomen and Husbandmen
(Freehold and Copyhold)
E. Landless Laborers
III. Women At These Ranks
IV. Enclosures
A. Kind
B. Open-Field Farming
C. Controversial
V. Industry
A. Mining
B. Cloth
VI. TownsFolk
A. London’s Influence
B. Season
1. Royal Government
2. Inns of Court (Law Schools)
3. Drama and Music
a. Theatre
b. Jonson and Masque
c. Shakespeare
d. William Byrd: Madrigal
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C. Merchant Cliques: Livery Companies VII.
Education
A. Elementary (Petty Schools)
B. Secondary (Public or Grammar Schools)
C. Upper: Oxford and Cambridge
1. Bodley and Stationer’s Company
2. Colleges, Masters; Fellows; Students
D. Women
VIII. Family and Life Expectancy
A. Marriage and Childbirth
B. Housing
C. Lower Ranks
THE CHURCH
I. James the King
A. Background
B. Character
C. Family
D. Personal Appearance
II. The Church
A. Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy 1559
B. Bishops
1. Simony 2. Annates 3. Vacancy
C. Parishes
1. Advowson and tithes
2. Rector and Vicar
3. Curate and Pluralists
III. Puritans
A. Ministry
B. Millenary Petition, 1603
1. Hampton Court Conference, 1604(3 day)
2. Presby, then Concessions
3. Bible
C. Sabbatarianism and Book of Sports, 1617
D. Coercion (attendance and Eucharist)
E. Outward Conformity
IV. Separatists
GUNPOWDER, SALISBURY, AND POWER
I. Gunpowder Plot (Catesby), 1605
A. Cellar and Fawkes
B. Catholic Lords and Salisbury (Cecil)
C. Purpose
1. Doomsday
2. Catholic Rising
3. Scholarly Debate
D. Minority: Oppressed: Oaths
1. Recusancy Fines (James)
2. Aristocracy
3. Priests
E. Gentlemen
F. Reaction of Government — Eucharist
G. Result for Catholics
II. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury
A. Elizabethan Background
B. Jacobean Offices
1. Secretary
2. Privy councillor
3. Lord Treasurer: Exchequer, 1608
4. Master of Court of Wards
(Feudal anachronism)
PARLIAMENTARY CONFLICT
I. Divine Right? James
A. Comparison to Elizabeth
B. Fault: Finances
1. Tunnage and Poundage (for life)
2. Subsidy
II. Parliament
A. Composition
1. Commons: Knights and Burgesses
2. Lords: Noblemen and Bishops
B. Structural procedures (Committee of the
Whole - 1607)
C. Disputed Election - 1604
1. Goodwin and Fortescue
2. Chancery or Parliament?
3. Royal Compromise
III. Finances
A. Great Contract - 1610
1. Salisbury and Failure
3. Scots
B. Book of Rates and Impositions
1. Bates and Exchequer, 1606
2. Foreign Policy or Taxation?
3. Result
C. Addled Parliament of 1614
1. Prerogative: Lords v. Commons
2. Ministers: Howards v. Coke
Pembroke and Others
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENFORCEMENT
I. Community of the County
II. Lords Lieutenant
A. Deputies
B. Military (trained bands or militia)
C. Other
III. Justices of the peace
A. Criminal
1. Quarter Sesions
a. Petty crimes b. Bastardy
2. Assizes
B. Economic Theory: Restrain Competition
1. Examples
2. Statute of Artificers, 1563
a. Town Apprenticeship
b. County Regulation (JP’s)
c. Enforcement, 1615
C. Poor Law, 1601, and JP’s
1. Vagabonds and Workhouses (County)
2. Parish Overseers of Poor
a. Apprenticeship of children
b. Impotent poor
3. Enforcements — beatings
D. Alehouses
IV. Public v. Private
THE COURTS AND COKE
I. Central Courts (4 justices in each court)
A. Common Law(Pleas, King’s Bench,
Exchequer)
B. Equity: Chancery
C. Prerogative: Star Chamber, High
Commission
II. Coke
A. Background: Bacon and Raleigh
B. Attorney General of Elizabeth and James
C. Common Pleas and Prohibitions
1. Royal Conferences, 1608-09
2. Bonham’s Case and Fundamental
Law, 1610
3. Balanced
D. King’s Bench, 1613
E. Exchequer Chamber — all 12 Common
Law Justices
1. Commendams Case
a. Two Bishops with royal licences
to receive revenue from benefices
b. Suit by those who claimed to own
2. Dismissal of Coke, 1616
F. Family Life: Lady Hatton, Frances Coke
And Sir John Villiers
JACOBEAN TRADE
I. Trade
A. Little Change from 1550
B. New v. Old Drapery
C. London and Merchant Adventurers
1. Founded 1300s, undyed woolen cloth
2. Regulated Company with
Headquarters at Hamburg from 1611
D. Eastland (Regulated Company, from 1579
1. Goods to Baltic
2. Competition with Dutch
II. Crisis
A. Cokayne’s Project— Dyed Cloth — 1614
B. Slump — Bottom by 1622
C. Why? Money Market
D. Effect
1. Merchants look to Southern Europe
2. Monopoly Inquiry by Parliament - 1621
a. Merchant Adverturers somewhat
Limited
b. Eastland Co. Protected
III. Position, 1640
A. South and New Draperies
B. Joint Stock Companies vital to trade
1. Levant Company, 1581, to
Mediterraneaan
2. East India Company, 1603.
(Joint Stock
3. Distance and Danger caused them to
Remain Joint-Stock
INSOLVENCY
I. Insolvency
A. Factions and Podigality
B. Why
1. Salaries
2. Corruption
C. Salisbury
1. Land Sales
2. Book of Rates (Impositions)
3. Feudal (Great Contract)
D. The Howards
1. Northampton and Parliament of 1614
2. Suffolk — dismissal 1619
II. Court Intrigue
A. Carr (Somerset) and Frances Howard
1. In love
2. She divorced from Earl of Essex
3. Married Somerset 1613
4. Sir Thomas Overbury and Scandal
B. Result and Ramifications
1. Pardon
2. Buckingham (George Villiers)
3. Fall of Howards
C. Cranfield (later Earl of Middlesex)
1. Retrenchment
2. Revenue
a. Benevolences
b. Sales of titles (Baronets)
3. Corruption
III. James and Family
A. Illness and Deterioration
B. Anne, Henry, Elizabeth, and Charles
C. Buckingham
FOREIGN POLICY AND JAMES I
I. Foreign Policy
A. Administrators
B. Commerce
C. Peace w. Spain, 1604
1. Advantage
2. Opposition
D. Hugenots (La Rochelle)
E. Dutch
II. Spanish Influence (Spanish Habsburg Family)
A. Gondamar
B. Assumptions of James
1. Major Power
2. Religion — Mediator
3. Marriage Balance
a. Elizabeth Stuart, 1613, wife of
Protestant Frederick of Palatine
b. Hopes that Charles to wed Spanish
Catholic
C. Sir Walter Raleigh
1. Main Plot — and Arabella Stuart
(d. 1615)
2. El Dorado, Guinea and Orinoco
3. Failure and Death, 1618
D. Thirty Years War --1618-48
1. Bohemia Kingship, Protestant Frederick
of Palatine tine v. Catholic Ferdinand
and German Habsburgs
2. Battle of White Mountain 1620
3. Popularity of Frederick of Palatine’s
Wife, Elizabeth
III. Parliament of 1621
PARLIAMENT OF 1621
I. Spain: Raleigh
II. First Session: Conciliatory
A. Fear of Spanish Catholics
B. Monopolies and Economic Bottom, 1622
1. Darcy v. Alin, 1603
2. Protection of Patents
3. Abuse and Buckingham
C. Mompesson and Mitchell
1. Monopolists and 2. Impeachment
D. Coke and Bacon (Lord St. Albans)
And Court Politics
1. Chancery Referee of Monopolies
2. Bribes?
3. Scholarly Accomplishments of Bacon
III. Second Session: Quarrel over Foreign Policy
A. Great Protestation, December 1621
B. Royal response: Dissolution January 1622
C. Palatine Deserted
IV. Lawyers and Cotton
BUCKINGHAM AND CHARLES
I. Buckingham’s Influence
II. Spain
A. Madrid Incognito Visit, 1623
B. Chivalric Culture and Infanta Maria
C. Result: alienation from Spain and
friendship for France: Henrietta Maria
III. Parliament of 1624
A. Foreign Policy — Hostile to Spain
B. Impeachment of Cranfield (Middlesex)
C. War and Commons
IV. Spanish War, 1624
A. James’s Death, 1625 of Porphyria?
B. Buckingham’s Abilities, 1622-28
C. Grand Alliance, 1624-25
D. Manfield’s Disaster
E. Naval Expedition to Cadiz, 1625
V. French War
A. Marriage of 1625 and Results
B. War
1. Hugenots and La Rochelle, 1627-28
2. Failure
VI. Peace Negotiations and Impact, 1629-30
FAILURE OF PARLIAMENTS
I. Charles the King and War
II. First Two Parliaments
A. 1625 Parliament
1. Tunnage and Poundage Rebuff
2. Rely on Favorite rather than Council
B. 1626 Parliament
1. Eliot and return of fleet from Cadiz
2. Sheriffs excluded but Coke challenges
3. Impeachment and Buckingham
III. Interval
A. Forced Loans, 1627
1. Five Knights, 2. Habeas Corpus
B. War with France — La Rochelle
IV. Third Parliament, 1628-29
A. Leaders, Pym and Wentworth (Strafford)
B. Petition of Right and Impact, 1628
1. Taxation, 2. Imprisonment,
3. Billeting, 4. Martial Law
C. Assassination of Buckingham, 1628
D. Controversy about Laud and Arminianism
E. Final Session and Resolutions (taxes and
innovation in religion)
V. Parliamentary Achievements of 1620s
FINANCES AND ADMINISTRATION, 1629-40
I. Peace, 1629-30
II. Revenue
A. Titles and Offices
B. Enclosures
C. Monopolies
D. Customs
E. Ship Money and Fleet, 1635
1. Hampden and Exchequer Chamber,
1637
2. Impact
III. Use of Star Chamber in 1630s
IV. Commission investigations into corruption of
officeholders 1630s
V. Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford
A. Early (1628 Petition of Right)
B. North and Enemies, 1628
C. Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1632
1. Ulster Undertakers (1620 - 13,000
Males)
2. Success of Strafford’s THOROUGH
a. Pirates
b. Militia
c. Presbyterians angry
d. Deeds to land
ARMINIANISM AND PURITANISM
I. Charles and Henrietta
A. At first
B. After Buckingham’s death in 1628
C. Children
II. Arminianism and puritanism
A. Laud, Bishop of London, 1628,
Archbishop of Canterbury, 1633
B. Free Will or Predestination
C. Tables or Altars (Elizabethan Prayer Book)
D. Images and Ritual
E. Architectures
F. Finances and Feofees (Puritan Lecturers)
G. Catholicism Emerging?
1. Tithes 2. Monasteries
III. Coercion
A. Church Courts (High Commission)
B. Star Chamber and censorship of Prynne
C. New Standards and Puritan economics?
COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS
I. New Economic Problems
A. Mun— balance of trade, 1620s
published 1664
B. Plantations and economics
II. Virginia Company of London — Joint Stock
A. Jamestown, 1607
1. Beginnings, colonists employees
2. Smith and Council
3. Captain Newport’s orders
4. Troubles and Indians
5. Failures as employees
6. Gates and Bermuda, 1609
7. Going home, 1610
8. De la Warr’s arrival
9. Rolfe and tobacco, 1612
10. Pocahontas, 1616-17 in England
10. Colonists become landowners, 1613-18
11. Royal Colony, 1624
B. Bermuda, 1609-1615 and ambergris
III. Joint-stock Companies of the 1620s
A. Plymouth, 1620
B. Massachusetts Bay, 1629-30
1. Salem, 1629
2. Charter transfer and Winthrop, 1629
3. Immigration and government
Of the elect
4. Economy and beginnings of triangular
Trade
C. West Indies
1. Importance
2. First permanent — St. Christopher in
1624 — (Leeward Islands)
IV. Newfoundland and Fishing Interests
V. Proprietary Colony— Maryland, 1632
A. Roman Catholics
B. Cecil, Lord Baltimore
C. Toleration
VI. India, Joint Stock Company, 1603
A. Portugal and Surat
B. Dutch, Malay, and Spice Islands
1. Amboyna, 1623
2. Result
C. Moguls, Roe and Surat
D. Later Bombay the headquarters
E. Export and Import Trade
F. Mun and Mercantilism
VII. Colonial Government
A. Policy
B. Privy Council
1. Trade
2. Laud and Foreign Plantations, 1634
3. Regulations, especially tobacco
C. Opposition to Crown?
SCOTLAND, IRELAND, AND WAR
I. Scotland
A. English Book of Common Prayer, 1637
B. Reaction
1. Covenant to Resist
2. First Bishops’ War
a. Leslie
b. Pacification, 1639
C. Strafford
D. Short Parliament, 1640
1. Grievances and Pym
2. Dissolution, a mistake
E. Second Bishops’ War
1. Armies 2. Newcastle Taken
II. Long Parliament
A. Credibility Gap
B. Strafford and Irish Army and
Fundamental Laws
1. Impeachment?
2. Attainder(Parliamentary Statute) and
Execution 1641
C. Laud Imprisoned (executed 1645)
D. Constitutional Revolution 1640-41
1. Taxation in Parliament
2. Dissolution with consent of Parliament
3. Courts abolished (Star Chamber)
E. Treaty with Scotland, 1641
F. Royal Reaction
G. Unanimity and Faction
III. Ireland Impact
A. Irish Army to Disband
B. Rebellion, 1641
C. Grand Remonstrance of Parliament, 1641
D. Rumors and Birds— King in Commons
January 1642
E. Militia Act and 19 Propositions 1642
Vote of 159-148
IV. War
THE CIVIL WARS
I. First Civil War, 1642-64
A. Royal Resources
1. Majesty
2. Nephews, Rupert and Maurice
B. Parliamentary generals
1. Essex and Manchester
2. Fairfax and Cromwell
C. London
II. Solemn League and Covenant, 1643
A. Religion --- Presbyterian
B. Committee of the Two Kingdoms
C. Armies
II. New Model Army, 1644
A. Self-Denying Ordinance
B. Defeat and Royal Response, 1646
C. Parliament and Presbyterians
D. Army and Independents
E. Orders to Ireland and Agitators
F. Cromwell Decides for Army 1647
G. Levellers
1. Lilburne
2. Agreement of the People
H. Putney
III. Second Civil War, 1648, and Providence
INTERREGNUM: GOVERNMENT AND
DIPLOMACY
I. Second Revolution
A. Pride’s Purge and Rump, 1648
B. Treason and Justice, 1649
1. Trial of Charles by 135 Commissioners
2. Death
C. Abolition of Monarchy and Lords, 1649
II. Settling the Score
A. Ireland
1. Drogheda and Wexford, 1649
2. Pacification
3. Land Exchanges, 1652-53
4. Rule
B. Scotland
1. Charles II
2. Dunbar, 1650
3. Worcester and After, 1651
4. Settlement
III. Rump(what’s left of Long Parliament) and
Cromwell
A. Policies
B. Dissolution, 1653
IV. Fifth Monarchy Men and Barebones Parliament
(Little Parliament) 1653
A. Major Harrison
B. Tithes and legal institutions
V. Instrument of Government: Written Constitution
1653
A. Provisions
1. Weak Lord Protector
2. Unicameral Legislature
B. First Parliament, 1654-55
1. Purge and 2. Dissolution
C. Rule of Major Generals, 1655
D. Second Parliament, 1656
1. Naylor and religion
2. Question of Succession
3. Humble Petition — revision 1657
a. Strong Lord Protector
b. Bicameral Legislature
(Other House)
4. Dissolution
E. The end
V. Cromwell’s Achievements
IMPACT ON CULTURE
I. Philosophical Investigations
II. Chiliasts
III. Puritanism (Calvinists)
A. Presbyterians
B. Independents
IV. Sects — Characteristics
A. Baptists
B. Seekers
C. Ranters, 1649-51
1. God everywhere
2. Lawrence Clarkson
3. Blasphemy Act, 1 650
4. Hippies?
D. Quakers, 1652
1. Fox (1624-78) and Ranters
2. Beliefs
3. Activities and prison
4. Women
5. Respectability later
(Pacifism, 1661)
E. Fifth Monarchy Men, 1653
1. Calvinists
2. Harrison
3. Venner and Rebellion, 1661
V. Return of Jews, 1655
A. Netherlands
B. Cromwell
VI. Diggers and Winstanley, 1649-50
A. Economics and Law
B. Religion
VII. Literature
A. Milton
B. AREOPAGITICA, 1644
C. Poems
VIII. Art
A. Charles, Van Dyke and Rubens
B. Cooper, 1650s
C. Dobson, 1646
IX. Music and Republicans
WHAT HAPPENED?
I. Economic Disputes? Gentry Crisis?
A. Tawney and Marxism and rise of capitalism
1. What about Merchants?
2. Was it rich v. Poor?
B. Trevor-Roper and Declining Gentry
1. Inflation
2. Court largess
C. Hexter and Debunking
II. Political Credibility Gap
A. Church
B. Court
C. Nobility
III. Intellectual Bases
A. Puritanism
1. Force for Change
2. Resistance to king — does a godly
person owe allegiance to a sinful king?
3. Elect and Organization
IV. Common Law
IV. Perspective? Blundering of king
A. Personality--religion
B. Lost Wars
C. Invasions
RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY
I. Anarchy after Cromwell’s Death
A. Richard Cromwell, 1659
B. Monck and Long Parliament, 1660
C. Charles II’s Breda (pardon, army, land,
religion), 1660
II. Convention Parliament, 1660
A. Return of Charles II
B. Why?
1. Economic 2. Army 3. Disorder
4. Religion 5. Parliament
C. Achievements
1. courts
a. J.P. b. Common Law
C. chancery
2. Army
a. Coldstream (Venner)
b. Militia
D. Clarendon, Anne, and James, 1660
E. Acts
1. Indemnity and rebels
2. Land (confiscation and sales)
3. Finances
a. Feudal, b. Excise and Customs
c. Commons and Power
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III. Cavalier Parliament and Clarendon, 16611679
A. Religion— Clarendon Code
1. Corporation Act 1661
2. Quaker Act 1662(Venner)
3. Uniformity Act 1662
4. Licensing Act 1662
5. Conventicle Acct 1664
6. Five Mile Act 1665
B. Charles and Indulgence 1662
C. Attack on Clarendon and Impeachment
In 1667
1. Why 2. Result
IMPACT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
I. Fall of Clarendon, 1667
A. Sale Dunkirk, 1667
B. Braganza, 1662
C. Second Dutch War 1665-67
1. Colonial
2. Handicaps and duke of York
3. Tragedies, fire and plague
1665-66
4. Peace: New Netherlands, 1667
II. Cabal, 1667-73
A. Catholics (Clifford and Arlington)
B. Independents (Buckingham)
C. Presbyterian (Shaftesbury, Lauderdale)
D. Dover a) secret b) public
E. Finances
F. Third War with Dutch 1672-74
1. Decree of Indulgence, 1672
2. Fleet 3. Orange and Dykes
4. Test Act of 1673 and fall of Cabal
5. Treaty, 1673
III. Court Party(Tories)
A. Leader Danby
B. Church(Clarendon Code Supporters
C. Royal Prerogative, Especially about
Heirs to Throne
C. William and Mary Marriage
1. First Cousins
2. Importance of Marriage
V. Country Party: Whig
A. Shaftesbury the leader
B. Protestant toleration
C. Greater Parliamentary Power
IV. Parliamentary Chaos, 1679-1681
A. Popish Plot
1. Tonge and Oates
2. Test Act 1678
B. Whigs versus Tories
C. Exclusion
1. Monmouth (Charles’s illegitimate
Son)
2. Habeas Corpus 1679 (Remember
Five Knights’ Case)
D. Aftermath
1. Trial
2. Quo Warranto
3. Rye House Plot 1683
V. Death
COLONIES AND TRADE
I. Royal and Courtier Interest
A. Why
B. Africa and Hudson’s Bay
C. Committee and Board
D. Continuation: Navigation
II. National Monopoly
A. Old Companies
B. Alternative
C. Carrying Trade and Industry
D. New Draperies and Old
E. Commercial Revolution
F. Loss: Baltic
1. Corn
2. Naval stores
3. Coal
III. Company Trade
A. Individual (Regulated) Levant
B. Long Distance
1. Hudson’s bay
2. East India Company
a. Capital
b. Bombay
c. Child and Bullion
d. Wealth, daughter’s dowry
IV. New World
A. Proprietary
B. Enforcement
C. Trade
1. Tobacco
2. Sugar
JAMES II
I. James and England
A. Beginnings
1. Revolts (Monmouth and Argyle)
1685
2. Jeffreys’ Assize
3. Second Parliamentary Session and
End of Tory Alliance, 1685
B. Godden v. Hales 1686
C. Catholics in Office
1. Army
2. Ecclesiastical Commision
a. Compton
b. Cambridge
c. Magdalen
D. Declaration of Indulgence (April 1687)
1. Quakers and Toleration
2. Suspending Power
E. Political Purges: Whigs Replace
Tories
F. Declaration of Indulgence(April 1687)
1. Pulpits
2. Seven Petition (Sancroft)
3. Seditious Libel, trial June 1688
G. Warming Pan Baby, June, 1688
II. Europe
A. Holland
1. William’s Invitation, 1688
,
2. James’ Reaction
B. Louis XIV’s Decision
C. Invasion of William, 1688
1. Torbay
2. Reaction and Retreat
3. Convention Parliament, 1688-89
THE CONSTITUTION
I. Settlement of Crown
A. Declaration of Rights
B. Joint Sovereigns and Bill of rights
II. Weakness (Wars: Augsburg, 1689-1697)
Spanish, 1702-1713
A. Veto (Last by Queen Anne)
B. Finances
C. Foreign Affairs and Act of Settlement of
1701
D. Army and Navy Treatment
Mutiny Acts
III. Cabinet
A. Privy Council and Foreign Committee
B. William and Anne and Cabinet Council
C. Unpopularity and Act of Settlement,1701
D. Lords of the Committee
E. Anne
1. Cabinet and Parties, 1710
2. Ministries and Place Acts and
Act of Settlement of 1701
IV. Parties and Elections
A. Triennial Act, 1694, and Elections
B. Toleration Act and Non-Jurors
C. Tories and Act of Settlement of 1701
D. Anne: Tories and Jacobites
D. Whig Ascendancy after 1715
THE FRENCH WARS, 1689-1713
I. Louis XIV and Colbert\
A. Absolutism
B. Causes
1. Economy
2. Colonies
3. Religion
4. Succession: Jacobite
II. The First War: Augsburg, 1689-97
A. Scotland
1. Clan Rivalries: Glencoe and
MacDonalds, 1692
2. Anne and Union, 1707
a. Conflicts: Darien
b. Why
B. Ireland
1. Boyne, 1690, and Limerick, 1691
2. Union?
C. Defeat and Ryswick
III. Second War: Spanish Succession, 1702-13
A. Charles the Sufferer of Spain and the
Partition Treaties, 1698 and 1700
B. Deaths: James II in exile, 1701
William in 1702
C. Succession of Anne, 1702
D. Marlborough (Churchill’s ancestor)
1. Strategy 2. Blenheim, 1704
E. Utrech, 1713
IV. Summary
A. French Advantage
B. English Finance
1. Taxation
2. Tunnage Act, 1694, and Bank of
England
POLITICAL THEORISTS
I. Published before Restoration
A. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
LEVIATHAN — 1651
1. Deduction
2. Brutal nature
3. Consent of contract
4. Absolute sovereignty
5. Atheism
6. Impact
B. James Harrington (1611-1677)
OCEANA - 1656
1. Background
2. Constitution
3. Religion
4. Rota
5. Impact
II. Published After Restoration
A. George Savile, Lord Halifax (1633-95)
THE CHARACTER OF A TRIMMER
1688
1. Man’s nature
2. Trim the boat
3. Principles
B. John Locke (1632-1704)
TWO TREATIESES, 1690
1. FIRST TREATISE
. Refutes Robert Filmer (15881653)
PATRIARCHA (1680)
Claims that
a. Old Testament and History
b. King, country and household
c. Absolutism without consent
d. Patriarchal
2. SECOND TREATISE
a. Hobbes’s influence?
b. Nature and contract
c. Limited government
d. Impact
STUART SOCIETY
I. Landed Aristocracy
A. Privileges
B. Enclosures
C. Changes
II. Poor
A. Discouragement
B. Expense
C. Badges
III. Women and Gender Relations
IV. Court and Morality
A. Actresses and Mistresses
B. Comedies
C. Aphra Behn
D. Dryden
E. Stage and Theatre
V. Literature (French)
A. Poetry and Prose
B. Dryden, Bunyan, and Milton
C. Duchess of Newcastle
VI. Scientific Discoveries
A. Harvey(1578-1657) and Blood Circulation
B. Royal Society
1. Christopher Wren (1632-1723)
St. Paul’s Cathedral
2. Many others— such as Edward
Halley(1656-1742) astronomer
And
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Mathematician and
Physicist