Chapter One Multiple Choice Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 1. If you have a toothache and the dentist taps your tooth to check for sensitivity, what part of the scientific method is being used? A. experiment B. hypothesis C. theory D. law Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 2. A scientist, Dr. Sigma, states that a chemical taken internally once a day will prevent the common cold. However, no other scientist is able to duplicate the results. The statement by Dr. Sigma is _____. A. a law B. a hypothesis C. a theory D. not valid Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 3. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These statements are an example of a scientific _____. A. law B. theory C. hypothesis D. experiment Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Scientific laws differ from scientific theories in that _____. A. laws explain observations and theories describe observations B. laws describe observations and theories explain observations C. theories eventually become laws D. no difference exists. Laws and theories have the same meaning. 1 Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 5. While attempting to start your car, when you turn the key, there is no response. You suspect that the battery is dead. To determine this, you turn on the light switch. Your suspicion about the battery is an example of a _____, and your attempt to turn on the headlight is an example of a ____. A. theory, law B. hypothesis, experiment C. experiment, hypothesis D. hypothesis, theory Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Which of the following has a fixed volume, but takes the shape of the container? A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. none of these Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 7. Water flowing is a dam is an example of A. potential energy. B. chemical energy. C. electrical energy. D. kinetic energy. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 8. Liquids have _____ shape and _____ volume. A. fixed/variable B. fixed/fixed C. variable/fixed D. variable/variable Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 9. The energy available by virtue of a rock at the top of a cliff is A. chemical energy. B. potential energy. C. thermal energy. D. kinetic energy. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 10. Which of the following is an example of a physical change? A. A piece of paper cut into small pieces B. Burning of paper C. Butter becoming rancid D. Baking a cookie 2 Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which of the following is a chemical property? A. color B. flammability C. odor D. hardness Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Medium 12. Which of the following is a physical change? A. melting of ice B burning oxygen in air C. rusting of iron D. baking cookies Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Medium 13. Which of the following is a chemical change? A. evaporation of water B. melting of copper C. tearing paper D. frying an egg Section 1.3 Difficulty Level: Easy 14. Which is a unit of measure of mass? A. liter B. ºC C. kilogram D. Joule Section 1.4 Difficulty Level: Easy 15. The number 390000, expressed correctly in scientific notation, is A. 3.9 x 10-6 B. 3.9 x 105 C. 3.9 D. 3.9 x 10-5 3 Section 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 16. A patient’s temperature is taken three times by two nurses. The results of three successive temperatures by each nurse are: Nurse A Nurse B 98F 90 F 99F 100F 97F 96F The patient’s actual temperature is 101 F. Which of the following statements is true? A. Nurse A’s results are more precise than those of nurse B. B. Nurse B’s results are more accurate than those of Nurse A. C. Both nurses have precise results. D. Nurse B’s results are both accurate and precise. Section 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 17. 2.32 g is the same as A. 232 kg B. 23.2 cg C. 2320 mg D. 0.0232 dg Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Which of the following numbers contains the designated CORRECT number of significant figures? A. 30.1 C 2 significant figures B. 3.6 x 102 m 3 significant figures C. 0.00450 m 3 significant figures D. 27.051 mL 4 significant figures Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 19. Perform the following calculation: 39.5 x 22.0 x 0.0067. Round your answer to the correct number of significant digits. A. 5.8223 B. 5.822 C. 5.82 D. 5.8 Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 20. When 15.5 + 0.125 + 2.55 are added, the answer with the correct number of significant figures is A. 18.175 B. 18.2 C. 18.17 D. 18 4 Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Medium 21. A mercury thermometer is used to take four temperatures of a solution. The temperatures are 44.8 ºC, 44.9 ºC, 45.0ºC, and 45.1ºC. An alcohol thermometer was also used and measured 44.9 ºC, 45.3 ºC, 45.4 ºC, and 45.9 ºC. The solution is correctly determined to be 45.0 ºC by other means. Which conclusion is correct? A. The mercury thermometer is the more precise. B. The alcohol thermometer is the more precise. C. There is no difference between the thermometers. D. There is no way to determine precision with these temperatures. Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 22. A patient weighs 205 pounds, but the weight is to be recorded in kilograms. What is the patient’s weight in kilograms using whole numbers? (Given: 1 kg = 2.205 lbs) A. 451 kg B. 205 kg C. 100 kg D. 93 kg Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 23. The density of ethanol at 20C is 0.791 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol correspond to 12 g of ethanol at 20C? A. 9 mL B. 15 mL C. 0.7 ml D. 3 mL Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 24. At 20 C, chloroform (CHCl3) has a density of 1.489 g/mL. What is the mass of 7.52 mL of chloroform at 20C? A. 0.198 g B. 13.4 g C. 5.05 g D. 11.2 g Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 25. How much will the temperature change when 3.0 g of tooth enamel (specific heat = 0.18 cal/gC) absorbs 0.80 cal of heat energy? A. 2.4 C B. 17C C. 1.5 C D. 8.6 C 5 Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 26. What is the number of 1-1/2 teaspoon doses of a liquid medication in a 250 mL bottle? (Given 1 tsp = 5 mL) A. 33 doses B. 125 doses C. 167 doses D. 250 doses Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 27. The instructions for a cough syrup are to give 2 teaspoons every 8 hours. The cough syrup is supplied in 150-mL bottles. How many bottles must be purchased to treat 3 children for 5 days? (Given 1 tsp = 5 mL). A. 1 bottle B. 2 bottles C. 3 bottles D. 4 bottles Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 28. A kitten’s normal body temperature is 102 ºF. Express this temperature in ºC. A. 5.7 ºC B. 38.9 ºC C. 56.7 ºC D. 184 ºC Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 29. A 33.0 g of aluminum is heated on a stove. The temperature of the aluminum increases from 25C to 120 C. How much heat energy was absorbed? Specific heat of aluminum is 0.0215 cal/gC. A. 67.4 cal B. 0.00747 cal C. 0.619 cal D. 128 cal Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 30. At 20C, the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL, and that of water is 1.00 g/mL. Calculate the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol at 20 C. A. 0.651 B. 0.789 C. 1.45 D. 6.51 6 Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 31. A weather forecaster predicts that the temperature for the day will reach 88F. What is the Celsius value for the predicted temperature? A. 88 C B. 273 C C. 31 C D. 304 C Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 32. The temperature of a patient is found to be 38.5C. What is this temperature in F? A. 96 F B. 101 F C. 69F D. 107F Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 33. A patient having a serious reaction caused by a peanut allergy has a doctor’s order to have 0.240 g of epinephrine. The liquid on hand contains 250 mg/5mL bottle. How many milliliters of the liquid are required? A. 4.8 mL B. 0.0048 mL C. 12 mL D. 1.2 mL Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 34. The normal dosage for azinthromycin, an antibiotic, is 3.3 mg/kg. What is the proper dose for a 150 lb patient? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs) A. 100 mg B. 224 mg C. 300 mg D. 495 mg Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 35. What is the weight of Amphotec®, an antibiotic preparation for aspergillus infection, necessary for a 135 pound patient at the rate of 3.5 mg/kg per dose? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs) A. 7.7 mg B. 61.4 mg C. 214 mg D. 2228 mg 7 Section 1.8 Difficulty Level: Medium 36. Zenapax® is used as part of immunosuppressive therapy for transplant patients. The dosage is calculated on the basis of 1.0 mg/kg. What is the proper dose for a 175 lb patient? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs) A. 79 mg B. 175 mg C. 385 mg D. 875 mg True-False Questions Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 37. True-False: A hypothesis is a statement that proposes an explanation of a set of observations. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 38. True-False: A rock at the top of the mountain has greater potential energy than a rock located at the base of the mountain. Section 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 39. True –False: 1 mg is larger than 1 dg. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 40. True-false: 886.0 has four significant figures. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 41. True–False: Accuracy tells us how close a measurement is to the true value. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 42. True-False: The zeros in 1700.85 cal are not significant. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 43. True-False: The zeros in 0.00958 cm are not significant. 8 Fill In The Blank Questions Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 44. A statement that explains observable phenomenon and has been tested by experimentation can be classified as a scientific _____. Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 45. A scientific _____ describes observable phenomenon. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Medium 46. When a steak is cooked on a grill the meat undergoes a _____ change. Section 1.3 Difficulty Level: Easy 47. A degree in the Kelvin scale is the same size as a ____ degree. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 48. The value 0.000121 cm has _____ significant figures. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 49. The value 1.000 kg has _____ significant figures. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 50. The value 0.80010 cm has _____ significant figures. Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 51. A series of measurements that are within +/- 0.001 cm of each other would be described as being very _____. Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Easy 52. 0.4 meters is equal to _____ centimeters. Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 53. Five pounds is ____ grams. 9 Problems Show all necessary calculations. Round answers to the allowed significant figures. Box final answers. Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 54. Identify the following as a theory or law: _____ a. water flows downhill _____ b. all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms _____ c. when a gas is heated it expands _____ d. atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons _____ e. a sample of gas expands when heated. Section 1.3 Difficulty Level: Medium 55. List your height in feet and inches: _____ Convert this height to centimeters: Section 1.4 Difficulty Level: Easy 56. Write the following numbers in Scientific Notation. a. 34.56 c. 0.000890 b. 10700 d. 5600.1 Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Medium 57. Determine the number of significant figures in each value below. a. 34.56 c. 0.000890 b. 10700 d. 5600.1 10 Section 1.5 Difficulty Level: Hard 58. Calculate the following and round to the correct number of significant figures. a. b. (12.00 x 1.5) ÷ .00625 3.61 x 103 ÷ 5.4008 x 10-4 Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Easy 59. Ethanol has a density of 0.78 g/mL. What volume would 500. grams of ethanol occupy? Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 60. A 1-dollar bill is approximately 6 inches long. What is the length of a dollar bill in millimeters? (1 inch = 2.54 cm) Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 61. In a given class, the average male student weighs 185 lbs and the average female student weighs 125 lbs. What is the difference between the weight of the average male and average female in kilograms? (2.205 lb = 1 kg) Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Medium 62. Convert 5.67 x 104 millimeters into centimeters. Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 63. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. What is the mass of 12 cm3 of iron? Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 64. You are traveling in a country that uses the metric system. Your child is sick and a nurse determines her temperature to be 40.8 ºC. What is this temperature in ºF? Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 65. You stop to purchase gasoline. The price at the pump is 85 cents/liter. What is this price in dollars/gallon? (1 gal = 3.785 l) Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 66. A child with a mass of 35.4 kg has a fever. The proper dosage of acetominophen is 15.0 mg/kg of body weight. How many teaspoons of syrup will you give the child if the syrup contains 160 mg of acetominophen/teaspoon? 11 Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 67. The high temperature on a given day is 76 ºF. Convert this to Celsius. Section 1.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 68. The low temperature on a winter night might be as low as -28 ºC. Convert this temperature to Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Section 11.6 Difficulty Level: Hard 69. A doctor orders tetracycline, 240 mg. The bottle of tetracycline syrup indicates that the concentration is 120 mg per 5 mL. How many milliliters of syrup do you give the patient? Short Answer/Essay Questions Section 1.1 Difficulty Level: Medium 70. Distinguish between the terms scientific theory and scientific law and give an example of each. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 71. Distinguish between the terms matter and energy. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Easy 72. Distinguish between the terms potential energy and kinetic energy. Section 1.2 Difficulty Level: Medium 73. Describe an analogy between the molecules in the three states of matter and students found in a lecture hall, in a laboratory, and moving between classes on campus. 12 ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. A B B B A B D C B A B A D C B A C C D B A D B D C 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 54. law theory law theory law 55. Answers will vary. 56. a. b. 57. a. 4 b. 3 58. a. 59. 640 mL 60. 152 mm 61. 27 kg A C B B D B A B C A C True True False True True False True theory law chemical Celsius 3 4 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 5 precise 40 2270 precise chemical law theory 152 mm 105.4 C $3.22/gal 27 kg 3.3 tsp a. b. c. d. e. 3.456 x 101 1.07 x 104 c. d. c. 3 d. 5 2900 b. 6.68 x 106 13 8.90 x 10-4 5.6001 x 103 62. 5.67 x 103 cm 63. 94 g 64. 105.4 C 65. $3.22/gal 66. 3.3 tsp 67. 24 ºC 68. -18.4 ºF and 245 K 69. 10 mL 70. Scientific theories explain phenomenon and scientific laws describe phenomenon. 71. Matter is anything that has mass and volume while energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. 72. Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is energy due to motion. 73. Molecules in a solid have fixed positions like students in a lecture hall. Molecules in a liquid have confined movement like students in a laboratory. Molecules in a gas move freely like students on campus. 14