A & P – Chapter 3 – Cellular Structure and Function
Select the answer that best completes each of the following statements. Write the letter in the space
provided at the right:
______1. A metabolically active cell is likely to have many
a. mitochondria b. vacuoles c. ribosomes d. chromosomes
______2. All of the following are true about facilitated diffusion except
a. energy is required
b. molecules move across a membrane more rapidly than if they were diffusing
c. a specific carrier molecule is involved
d. molecules are transported down a concentration gradient
______3. Replication of chromosomes occurs during
a. prophase b. Telophase c. Interphase
d. anaphase
______4. If the base sequence in a segment of DNA is ATTGTC, a strand of complementary mRNA will
have the sequence
a. AUUGTC b. TAACAG c. UAACAG d. GACAAU
______5. The transport of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient is
accomplished by
a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport c. osmosis d. dialysis
______6. The smallest units of structure capable of performing all vital functions of living organisms are
a. nucleotides b. cells c. tissues d. organs
______7. A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will probably
a. shrink b. remain the same size c. expand and burst d. divide by mitosis
______8. Reactions that provide metabolic energy for the cell are known as
a. anabolic b. synthesis c. catabolic d. protein synthesis
______9. The synthesis of glycoproteins is an example of a(n)
a. anabolic reaction b. hydrolytic reaction c. catabolic reaction
d. phagocytic reaction
______10. The mitotic phase in which the chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell
is known as
a. metaphase b. prophase c. telophase d. anaphase
______11. The code for the formation of a protein is carried to the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis,
by
a. tRNA b. DNA c. mRNA d. rRNA
______12. The universal intracellular carrier of chemical energy is
a. DNA b. mRNA c. ATP d. glucose
______13. A scavenger white blood cell most likely has a large number of
a. chromosomes b. ribosomes c. lysosomes d. Golgi sacs
______14. Osmosis and diffusion are alike in that they both
a. require metabolic energy
b. involve movement of solutes down a concentration gradient
c. involve movement of solvents against a concentration gradient
d. are physical transport processes
______15. Individual cells grow in volume as a result of
a. assimilation b. catabolism c. mitosis d. replication
______16. The mitotic phase in which the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes appear is
known as
a. telophase b. metaphase c. prophase d. Interphase
______17. The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by
a. tRNA b. mRNA c. rRNA d. DNA
For each phrase below, write the letter and name of the cell part on the diagram that is best described
by the phrase:
______18. ___________________________ - contains hydrolytic enzymes
______19. ___________________________ - controls what enters and leaves the cell
______20. ___________________________ - thought to manufacture glycoproteins
______21. ___________________________ - tubular arrangement involved in cell division
______22. ___________________________ - networks of canals
______23. ___________________________ - site of cell respiration
______24. ___________________________ - controls and regulates cell activities
______25. ___________________________ - site of protein synthesis
Answer each of the following essay questions in the space provided:
A. Identify and discuss at least three essential functions of the plasma membrane.
B. Describe three ways in which RNA differs from DNA.