Earth as a System: Earth: A Unique Planet 2.1 Page 27 Unique facts 1. Only planet with ______________________ on the surface 2. Atmosphere has a large percentage of _________________ 3. Only planet to _______________ __________ Earth basics _______________planet from the sun ______ ______________ years old Mostly made of __________________ ___________% covered with liquid water Earth from Space A _____________sphere with white clouds It is an ______________ __________________ ____________________ made the polar regions ________and have an equatorial _____________________ Relatively ________________ Earth’s Interior Seismic waves have shown that Earth’s interior is ________________ Layers of the Earth ? Earlier you learned about crust, mantle, and core Old Terms ? Crust ? Mantle ? Core Outer Inner New Terms Lithosphere Crust and upper solid mantle Asthenosphere Flows with plasticity Mesosphere Strong lower part of the mantle Core Outer Inner Compositional and Structural Zones The Earth’s interior can be divided into compositional and structural zones. Compositional zones are ______________________, __________________________, and ___________________________. Structural Zones are __________________________________, ____________________________________,_____________________________ and the _________________________and ______________________ core. Compositional Layers 1. Crust-- _________, solid uppermost zone of Earth. The crust varies from thin on the ____________ ___________ to thick at the ______________ _______________ The crust is ____________ thick under the oceans Made of _______________ Continental crust is between _____________ thick Made of _____________ rocks that are less dense than _____________ The crust is the uppermost part of the ___________________________. Earth's Internal Layers Andrija Mohorovičić studied _________________ and discovered waves _________ _______ _______________ at a certain depth He concluded: Earth is ________________ Drew a map of the upper boundary of Earth's mantle, Mohorovičić discontinuity Cool geologists call it the __________ 2. Mantle __________________ kilometers thick, ______________ of Earth’s mass Hot iron-rich __________________rocks 3. Core The center of the Earth Made of _______________________ and ___________________________ Structural Zones A. Lithosphere Consists of the __________________ and Upper ________________________. The upper part of the mantle is _______________ and _________________________ The lithosphere is very narrow and is __________and ____________. It ______________ on the asthenosphere. It is less ______________________. B. Asthenosphere Below the lithosphere is a less _________________layer called the ______________________. Hot, iron-rich silicate rocks Because of intense heat and pressure, the asthenosphere is hot and behaves with _____________ . Taffy example It is a ________ that _________ like a ________________ Thermal _______________________ ____________________ occur here Hot less ________ material rises, Cooler more dense material __________ Lava lamp example C. Mesosphere The strong lower part of the mantle--_______________________ Literally--the _______________________sphere Lies between the _____________________ and _________________________ D. Outer Core Outer core: ______________________iron, nickel E. Inner Core Inner core: ________________iron and __________________& sulfur Magnetic Field When a magnetic material _____________ with another magnetic material an _____________ __________________ is generated This current generates an _______________field The Earth's inner core spins within the liquid outer core producing a _____________________ field Magnetosphere—This field extends into and affects a region of space Earth’s Gravity Define gravity Finish Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation The force of attraction between any two objects depend on both their Define weight Weight and Mass Define mass There is a difference Mass stays the _________, weight ___________depending on where you are An object’s weight depends on its ________________and its ______________________ from the center of the Earth According to the law of gravitation, the force of gravity __________________as the distance from the Earth’s center _______________________