Earth as a System:
Earth: A Unique Planet
2.1 Page 27
Unique facts
1. Only planet with ______________________ on the surface
2. Atmosphere has a large percentage of _________________
3. Only planet to _______________ __________
Earth basics
 _______________planet from the sun
 ______ ______________ years old
 Mostly made of __________________
 ___________% covered with liquid water
Earth from Space
 A _____________sphere with white clouds
 It is an ______________ __________________
 ____________________ made the polar regions
 ________and have an equatorial _____________________
 Relatively ________________
Earth’s Interior
Seismic waves have shown that Earth’s interior is ________________
Layers of the Earth
? Earlier you learned about crust, mantle, and core
Old Terms
? Crust
? Mantle
? Core
 Outer
 Inner
New Terms
Lithosphere
Crust and upper solid mantle
Asthenosphere
Flows with plasticity
Mesosphere
Strong lower part of the mantle
Core
Outer
Inner
Compositional and Structural Zones
The Earth’s interior can be divided into compositional and structural zones.
Compositional zones are ______________________,
__________________________, and ___________________________.
Structural Zones are __________________________________,
____________________________________,_____________________________
and the _________________________and ______________________ core.
Compositional Layers
1. Crust-- _________, solid uppermost zone of Earth.
The crust varies
 from thin on the ____________ ___________
 to thick at the ______________ _______________
The crust is ____________ thick under the oceans
 Made of _______________
Continental crust is between _____________ thick
 Made of _____________ rocks that are less dense than _____________
The crust is the uppermost part of the ___________________________.
Earth's Internal Layers
Andrija Mohorovičić studied
_________________ and discovered
waves _________ _______
_______________ at a certain depth
He concluded: Earth is
________________
Drew a map of the upper boundary of
Earth's mantle, Mohorovičić
discontinuity
Cool geologists call it the __________
2. Mantle
__________________ kilometers thick, ______________ of Earth’s mass
Hot iron-rich __________________rocks
3. Core
The center of the Earth
Made of _______________________ and ___________________________
Structural Zones
A. Lithosphere
Consists of the __________________ and Upper ________________________.
The upper part of the mantle is _______________ and _________________________
The lithosphere is very narrow and is __________and ____________. It
______________ on the asthenosphere. It is less ______________________.
B. Asthenosphere
Below the lithosphere is a less _________________layer called the
______________________.
Hot, iron-rich silicate rocks
Because of intense heat and pressure, the asthenosphere is hot and behaves
with _____________ . Taffy example
It is a ________ that _________ like a
________________
Thermal _______________________
____________________ occur here
Hot less ________ material rises,
Cooler more dense material __________
Lava lamp example
C. Mesosphere
The strong lower part of the mantle--_______________________
Literally--the _______________________sphere
Lies between the _____________________ and _________________________
D. Outer Core
 Outer core: ______________________iron, nickel
E. Inner Core
 Inner core: ________________iron and __________________& sulfur
Magnetic Field
When a magnetic material _____________ with another
magnetic material an _____________
__________________ is generated
This current generates an _______________field
The Earth's inner core spins within the liquid outer core
producing a _____________________ field
Magnetosphere—This field extends into and affects a
region of space
Earth’s Gravity
Define gravity
Finish Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
The force of attraction between any two objects depend on
both their
Define weight
Weight and Mass
Define mass
There is a difference
Mass stays the _________, weight ___________depending on where you are
An object’s weight depends on its
________________and its
______________________ from the center of the
Earth
According to the law of gravitation, the force of
gravity __________________as the distance from
the Earth’s center _______________________