Table S3 – Listing of nonspecific X-linked MR conditions (MRX). This table is divided into three sections: (a) a list of 16 cloned genes responsible only for MRX; (b) a list of genes that are involved in syndromic or neuromuscular forms as well as in MRX; (c) a list of all families with an MRX number assigned by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/). MRX pedigrees are indicated in red when the causative gene was identified and are indicated in blue when unpublished. In both cases they were not counted in Table 1. (a) Genes that cause MRX only OMIM Protein name Locus Gene mutated in MRX pedigrees: 300034 *300267 300189 Angiotensin rec. 2 PIX Discs large homolog 3 Xq23 Xq26.3 Xq13.1 MRX88 MRX46 MRX90 *300157 fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 Xq23 309548 *300499 300104 AFF2 protein FTSJ homolog 1 RABGDIA IL1 receptor accessory protein neuroligin 3 neuroligin 4 P21 Act. Kinase 3 Ribosomal protein L10 tetraspanin zinc-finger 41 zinc-finger 81 zinc-finger 674 Xq28 Xp11.23 Xq28 AGTR2 +300034 ARHGEF6 *300267 DLG3 +300189 ACSL4 (FACL4) *300157 FMR2 +309548 FTSJ1 *300499 GDI1 +300104 Xp21.2 IL1RAPL1 *300206 MRX10,21,34 Xq13 Xp22.3 Xq23 Xq28 Xp11.4 Xp11.3 Xp11.23 Xp11.3 NLGN3 *300336 NLGN4 *300427 PAK3 *300142 RPL10 *312173 TM4SF2 *300096 ZNF41 +314995 ZNF81 *314998 ZNF674 +300573 *300206 *300336 *300427 300142 *312173 *300096 314995 *314998 300573 MRX63,68 MRX9,44 MRX41,48 MRX30,47 MRX58 MRX89 MRX45 MRX92 (b) Genes that cause specific XLMR and MRX OMIM Condition Locus Gene 305400 Aarskog-Scott Xp11.22 #300523 Allan-Herndon-Dudley Xq13.2 *300032 ATR-X Xq13.3 *300127 Cerebellar ataxia Xq12 *300075 Coffin-Lowry Xp22.1 FGD1 *300546 SLC16A2/MCT8 *300095 ATRX (XNP) *300032 OPHN1 *300127 RSK2 (RPS6KA3) *300075 *300036 Creatine transporter deficiency Xq28 *314690 JARID1C-related XLMR Xp11.22 *300005 Rett *300463 SutherlandHaan/MRXS3 #300630 Turner [1] Turner Xp22.2p21.2 Xp11.22 #300676 MRXS14 (FGS6) *300382 West, infantile spasms mutated in MRX pedigrees: MRX22 MRX60 MRX19 SLC6A8 *300036 Xq28 JARID1C / SMCX *314690 MECP2 +300005 MRX16,79 Xp11.23 PQBP1 +300463 MRX55 AP1S2 *300629 MRX59 HUWE1 missense in 2 families [2] Xq24 UPF3B *300298 missense in 1 family [3] Xp22.1 ARX *300382 MRX29,32,33,36,38,43,54,76,87 (a) (b) (c) (c) MRX families with HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee number OMIM /Ref. MRX family number Locus *309530 MRX1 Xp11.3-q12 %300428 MRX2 Xp22.2 -p22.1 #309541 MRX3 Xq28 [4,5] MRX4 Xp11.22-q21.3 [6] MRX5 Xp11.4-q21.2 [7] MRX6 Xq27 [8,9] [10,11] #309549 MRX7 MRX8 MRX9 Xp11.23-q12 Xp11.2-q13 Xp11.4-p11.22 [12-14] MRX10 Xp21.3-p11.4 [12,13] MRX11 Xp21.1-p11.4 [12,13] MRX12 Xp21.2-p11.21 [12] 300062 MRX13 MRX14 Xp22.3-q22.3 Xp11.3-q13.2 [15] MRX15 Xp21.1-p11.22 #300458 MRX16 Xq28 [16,13,14] MRX17 Xp11.2-q12 [16] MRX18 Xp21.2-p11.23 *300075 MRX19 %300047 MRX20 Xp11.4-q21.3 #300143 MRX21 Xp22.3-p21.1 IL1RAPL1 *300206 Heterozygote manifestation [17-19] MRX22 Xp21.1-q21.31 SLC16A2 / MCT8 *300095 Severe generalized muscle atrophy, hypotonia, incontinence %300046 MRX23 Xq23-q24 [20] MRX24 Xp22.32-p22.2 [21] [22] MRX25 MRX26 Xq27.3-qter Xp11.3-q21.33 [23] MRX27 Xq23-q26.3 [24] [25] & %300077 #300558 MRX28 Xq28 MRX29 Xp22.12-p11.4 [26,14] MRX31 Xp11.23-q13 [27,25] [24,25] MRX32 MRX33 Xp22.2-p21.3 Xp22.12 -p11.4 Gene notes Macrocephaly, square face, macroorchidism, short stature Speech delay, learning disability Speech delay, hyperactivity, Short stature, “coarse” face, short broad hands and feet, heterozygote manifestation FTSJ1 *300499 IL1RAPL1 Hypotelorism, large ears, *300206 heterozygote manifestation Hypotelorism, large ears, heterozygote manifestation Hypotelorism, large ears, low birth weight, short stature Large ears Congenital hypotonia, delayed speech, thin habitus, scoliosis MECP2 +300005 duplication Xp11.2 duplication including HADH2 and HUWE1 [2] RSK2 (RPS6KA3) *300075 MRX30 Slightly “coarse” face, small head circumference Heterozygote manifestation Growth failure, mutism, seizures, brachycephaly, square face ARX *300382 PAK3 *300142 duplication Xp11.2 ARX *300382 ARX *300382 duplication including HADH2 and HUWE1 [2] [28] MRX34 Xp21.2 [29] #300419 [30] [31,25] MRX35 MRX36 MRX37 MRX38 [32] MRX39 [33] MRX40 Xq22.1-q26.1 Xp22.32 -p21.1 Xp22.32 -p22.31 Xp22.13 -p21.1 Xp11 (no linkage) Xq21 (no linkage) +300104 MRX41 MRX42 #300419 #309549 #300498 MRX43 MRX44 MRX45 #300436 MRX46 #300558 +300104 *300114 %300115 [34] [35] %300324 #300419 MRX47 MRX48 MRX49 MRX50 MRX51 MRX52 MRX53 MRX54 Xp22.33-p22.2 Xp11.4-p11.21 Xp11.4-p11.3 Xp11.21-q21.32 Xq22.2-q26 Xp22.1-p21.3 #309500 MRX55 Xp11.4-q12 MRX56 MRX57 Xp21.1-p11.21 Xq24-q25 MRX58 Xp11.3-q13.1 MRX59 Xp22.2-p21.2 #300630 #300486 MRX60 [14] [14] MRX61 MRX62 Xq13.1-q25 Xq21.33-q25 #300387 MRX63 Xq22.1-q23 [37] [14] [14] MRX64 (see Pai et al. in Table S2) MRX65 MRX66 MRX67 *300157 MRX68 Xq22.1-q23 MRX69 MRX70 MRX71 MRX72 MRX73 MRX74 MRX75 MRX76 MRX77 Xp11.21-q22.1 Xq23-q25 Xq24-q27.3 Xq28 Xp22.2 Xp11.3-p11.4 Xq24-q26.3 Xp22.2-p21.3 Xq12-q22.2 [36] [14] %300271 %300355 [38] %300454 Heterozygote manifestation ARX *300382 ARX *300382 Macrocephaly, seizures Sporadic cases with X/autosome translocations Microdeletions GDI1 +300104 pericentromeric/ Xq26 Xp22.3-p21.2 Xp11.3-p11.2 Xp11.3-p11.2 %300372 #300210 IL1RAPL1 *300206 Xq28 ARX *300382 FTSJ1 *300499 ZNF81 *314998 ARHGEF6 *300267 PAK3 *300142 GDI1 +300104 ARX *300382 PQBP1 +300463 TM4SF2 *300096 AP1S2 *300629 OPHN1 *300127 ACSL4 (FACL4) *300157 duplication MECP2L1CAM Xp11.23-Xq21.32 Xq21.33-q23 Xq13.1-q21.31 ACSL4 (FACL4) *300157 ARX *300382 Epicanthus, high nasal bridge, small mouth, seizures, early demise [39] MRX78 Xp11.4-q21.1 #300458 MRX79 Xq28 [40] %300433 %300518 Xq22-q24 Xp11.2-q12 Xq24-q25 unpublished Xp11.3-q22.3 Xp21.3-p21.1 unpublished [41] MRX80 MRX81 MRX82 MRX83 MRX84 MRX85 MRX86 MRX87 +300034 MRX88 +314995 MRX89 +300189 MRX90 #300577 MRX91 +300573 MRX92 %300505 [14] unconfirmed MECP2 +300005 ARX *300382 AGTR2 +300034 ZNF41 +314995 DLG3 +300189 ZDHHC15 *300576 ZNF674 +300573 t(X;15)(q13.3;cen) in a female patient References for Table S3: [1] Turner G, Gedeon A, Mulley J (1994) X-linked mental retardation with heterozygous expression and macrocephaly: pericentromeric gene localization. Am J Med Genet 51:575-580 [2] Froyen G, Corbett M, Vandewalle J, Jarvela I, Lawrence O, Meldrum C, Bauters M, Govaerts K, Vandeleur L, Van Esch H, Chelly J, Sanlaville D, van Bokhoven H, Ropers HH, Laumonnier F, Ranieri E, Schwartz CE, Abidi F, Tarpey PS, Futreal1 PA, Whibley A, Raymond FL, Stratton MR, Fryns JP, Scott R, Peippo M, Sipponen M, Partington M, Mowat D, Field M, Hackett A, Marynen P, Turner G, Gécz J: Submicroscopic duplications of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase HSD17B10 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 are associated with mental retardation. Am J Hum Genet, in press. [3] Tarpey PS, Raymond FL, Nguyen LS, Rodriguez J, Hackett A, Vandeleur L, Smith R, Shoubridge C, Edkins S, Stevens C, O'Meara S, Tofts C, Barthorpe S, Buck G, Cole J, Halliday K, Hills K, Jones D, Mironenko T, Perry J, Varian J, West S, Widaa S, Teague J, Dicks E, Butler A, Menzies A, Richardson D, Jenkinson A, Shepherd R, Raine K, Moon J, Luo Y, Parnau J, Bhat SS, Gardner A, Corbett M, Brooks D, Thomas P, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Porteous ME, Warner JP, Sanderson T, Pearson P, Simensen RJ, Skinner C, Hoganson G, Superneau D, Wooster R, Bobrow M, Turner G, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE, Futreal PA, Srivastava AK, Stratton MR, Gécz J (2007) Mutations in UPF3B, a member of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay complex, cause syndromic and nonsyndromic mental retardation. Nat Genet 39:1127-1133. [4] Arveiler B, Alembik Y, Hanauer A, Jacobs P, Tranebjaerg L, Mikkelsen M, Puissant H, Piet LL, Mandel JL (1988) Linkage analysis suggests at least two loci for X-linked non-specific mental retardation. Am J Med Genet 30:473-483 [5] Hu LJ, Blumenfeld-Heyberger S, Hanauer A, Weissenbach J, Mandel JL (1994) Non-specific Xlinked mental retardation: linkage analysis in MRX2 and MRX4 families revisited. Am J Med Genet 51:569-574 [6] Samanns C, Albrecht R, Neugebauer M, Neri G, Gal A (1991) Gene for non-specific X-linked mental retardation maps in the pericentromeric region. Am J Med Genet 38:224-227 [7] Kondo I, Tsukamoto K, Niikawa N, Okano K, Kanazawa I, Hupkes PE (1991) A new form of Xlinked mental retardation (XLMR) linked to DXS369 (RN1). Cytogenet Cell Genet 58:2071 [8] Jedele KB, Michels VV, Schaid DJ, Schowalter KV, Thibodeau SN (1992) Linkage of nonspecific X-linked mental retardation to Xq21.31. Am J Med Genet 43:436-442 [9] Tackels D, Schwartz CE, Thibodeau SN, Michels VV (1999) Refined gene localization for MRX7. Am J Med Genet 85:288-289 [10] Schwartz CE, May M, Huang T, Ledbetter D, Anderson G, Barker DF, Lubs HA, Arena F, Stevenson RE (1992) MRX8: an X-linked mental retardation condition with linkage to Xq21. Am J Med Genet 43:467-474 [11] Tackels D, Schwartz CE (1999) Refined gene localization for MRX8. Am J Med Genet 85:309310 [12] Kerr B, Gedeon A, Mulley J, Turner G (1992) Localization of non-specific X-linked mental retardation genes. Am J Med Genet 43:392-401 [13] Gedeon AK, Donnelly AJ, Mulley JC, Kerr B, Turner G (1996) How many X-linked genes for non-specific mental retardation (MRX) are there? Am J Med Genet 64:158-162 [14] de Brouwer AP, Yntema HG, Kleefstra T, Lugtenberg D, Oudakker AR, de Vries BB, van Bokhoven H, Van Esch H, Frints SG, Froyen G, Fryns JP, Raynaud M, Moizard MP, Ronce N, Bensalem A, Moraine C, Poirier K, Castelnau L, Saillour Y, Bienvenu T, Beldjord C, des Portes V, Chelly J, Turner G, Fullston T, Gecz J, Kuss AW, Tzschach A, Jensen LR, Lenzner S, Kalscheuer VM, Ropers HH, Hamel BC (2007) Mutation frequencies of X-linked mental retardation genes in families from the EuroMRX consortium. Hum Mutat 28:207-208. [15] Raynaud M, Gendrot C, Dessay B, Moncla A, Ayrault AD, Moizard MP, Toutain A, Briault S, Villard L, Ronce N, Moraine C (1996) X-linked mental retardation with neonatal hypotonia in a French family (MRX15): gene assignment to Xp11.22-Xp21.1. Am J Med Genet 64:97-106 [16] Gedeon A, Kerr B, Mulley J, Turner G (1994) Pericentromeric genes for non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX). Am J Med Genet 51:553-564 [17] Passos-Bueno MR, Byth BC, Rosenberg S, Takata RI, Bakker E, Beggs AH, Pavanello RC, Vainzof M, Davies KE, Zatz M (1993) Severe nonspecific X-linked mental retardation caused by a proximally Xp located gene: intragenic heterogeneity or a new form of X-linked mental retardation? Am J Med Genet 46:172-175 [18] Zorick TS, Kleimann S, Sertie A, Zatz M, Rosenberg S, Passos-Bueno MR (2004) Fine mapping and clinical reevaluation of a Brazilian pedigree with a severe form of X-linked mental retardation associated with other neurological dysfunction. Am J Med Genet 127:321-323 [19] Maranduba CM, Friesema EC, Kok F, Kester MH, Jansen J, Sertie AL, Passos-Bueno MR, Visser TJ (2006) Decreased cellular uptake and metabolism in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) due to a novel mutation in the MCT8 thyroid hormone transporter. J Med Genet 43:457-460 [20] Martinez F, Gal A, Palau F, Prieto F (1995) Localization of a gene for X-linked nonspecific mental retardation (MRX24) in Xp22.2-p22.3. Am J Med Genet 55:387-390 [21] Nordstrom AM, Penttinen M, von Koskull H (1992) Linkage to Xq28 in a family with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation. Hum Genet 90:263-266 [22] Robledo R, Melis P, Laficara F, Marchi J, Rinaldi A, Siniscalco M, Filippi G (1996) Further linkage evidence for localization of mutational sites for nonsyndromic types of X-linked mental retardation at the pericentromeric region. Am J Med Genet 64:107-112 [23] Gedeon AK, Glass IA, Connor JM, Mulley JC (1996) Genetic localisation of MRX27 to Xq24-26 defines another discrete gene for non-specific X-linked mental retardation. Am J Med Genet 64:121-124 [24] Holinski-Feder E, Golla A, Rost I, Seidel H, Rittinger O, Meindl A (1996) Regional localization of two MRX genes to Xq28 (MRX28) and to Xp11.4-Xp22.12 (MRX33). Am J Med Genet 64:125130. [25] Stepp ML, Cason AL, Finnis M, Mangelsdorf M, Holinski-Feder E, Macgregor D, MacMillan A, Holden JJ, Gecz J, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE (2005) XLMR in MRX families 29, 32, 33 and 38 results from the dup24 mutation in the ARX (Aristaless related homeobox) gene. BMC Med Genet 6:16 [26] Donnelly AJ, Partington MW, Ryan AK, Mulley JC (1996) Regional localisation of two nonspecific X-linked mental retardation genes (MRX30 and MRX31). Am J Med Genet 64:113-120 [27] Hane B, Stevenson RE, Arena JF, Lubs HA, Simensen RJ, Schwartz CE (1999) Gene for apparently nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation (MRX32) maps to an 18-Mb region of Xp21.2-p22. Am J Med Genet 85:271-275. [28] Carrie A, Jun L, Bienvenu T, Vinet MC, McDonell N, Couvert P, Zemni R, Cardona A, Van Buggenhout G, Frints S, et al. (1999) A new member of the IL-1 receptor family highly expressed in hippocampus and involved in X-linked mental retardation. Nat Genet 23:25-31 [29] Gu XX, Decorte R, Marynen P, Fryns JP, Cassiman JJ, Raeymaekers P (1996) Localisation of a new gene for non-specific mental retardation to Xq22-q26 (MRX35). J Med Genet 33:52-55 [30] Bar-David S, Lerer I, Sarfaty CK, Kohan ZG, Meiner V, Zlotogora J, Abeliovich D (1996) Localization of two X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) genes to Xp: MRX37 gene at Xp22.31p22.32 and a putative MRX gene on Xp22.11-p22.2. Am J Med Genet 64:83-88 [31] Schutz CK, Ives EJ, Chalifoux M, MacLaren L, Farrell S, Robinson PD, White BN, Holden JJ (1996) Regional localization of an X-linked mental retardation gene to Xp21.1-Xp22.13 (MRX38). Am J Med Genet 64:89-96. [32] Teboul M, Mujica P, Chery M, Leotard B, Gilgenkrantz S (1989) [Balanced X-autosomal translocation and mental retardation. Mapping mental retardation linked to X (excluding fragile X)] J Genet Hum 37:179-195 [33] May M, Colleaux L, Murgia A, Aylsworth A, Nussbaum R, Fontes M, Schwartz C (1995) Molecular analysis of four males with mental retardation and deletions of Xq21 places the putative MR region in Xq21.1 between DXS233 and CHM. Hum Mol Genet 4:1465-1466 [34] Claes S, Volcke P, Devriendt K, Holvoet M, Raeymaekers P, Cassiman JJ, Fryns JP (1999) Regional localization of a gene for nonspecific XLMR to Xp11.3-p11.23 (MRX51) and tentative localization of an MRX gene to Xq23-q26.1. Am J Med Genet 85:283-287 [35] Hamel BC, Smits AP, van den Helm B, Smeets DF, Knoers NV, van Roosmalen T, Thoonen GH, Assman-Hulsmans CF, Ropers HH, Mariman EC, Kremer H (1999) Four families (MRX43, MRX44, MRX45, MRX52) with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation: Clinical and psychometric data and results of linkage analysis. Am J Med Genet 85:290-304 [36] Pai GS, Hane B, Joseph M, Nelson R, Hammond LS, Arena JF, Lubs HA, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE (1997) A new X linked recessive syndrome of mental retardation and mild dysmorphism maps to Xq28. J Med Genet 34:529-534 [37] Yntema HG, van den Helm B, Knoers NV, Smits AP, van Roosmalen T, Smeets DF, Mariman EC, van der Burgt I, van Bokhoven H, Ropers HH, Kremer H, Hamel BC (1999) X-linked mental retardation: Evidence for a recent mutation in a five-generation family (MRX65) linked to the pericentromeric region. Am J Med Genet 85:305-308 [38] Caspari R, Uhlhaas S, Friedl W, Knapp M, Propping P (2000) Mapping of a gene for nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MRX75) to Xq24-q26. Am J Med Genet 93:290-293 [39] de Vries BB, Breedveld GJ, Deelen WH, Breuning MH, Niermeijer MF, Heutink P (2002) Another family with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MRX78) maps to Xp11.4-p11.23. Am J Med Genet 111:443-445 [40] Verot L, Alloisio N, Morlè L, Bozon M, Touraine R, Plauchu H, Edery P (2003) Localization of a non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation gene (MRX80) to Xq22-q24. Am J Med Genet A 122:37-41 [41] Laperuta C, Spizzichino L, D'Adamo P, Monfregola J, Maiorino A, D'Eustacchio A, Ventruto V, Neri G, D'Urso M, Chiurazzi P, Ursini MV, Miano MG (2007) MRX87 family with Aristaless X dup24bp mutation and implication for polyAlanine expansions. BMC Med Genet 8:25