Unit 4 The First Global Age p. 142-172 – Answer Key
Section 1 MesoAmerican Civilizations
Olmecs
Mayas
Aztecs
Contributions
Contributions
Contributions
Mother Culture of
Mex/C. America
Mex/C. America
Latin America;
Pyramids
Accurate calendar
Temples, calendars,
Writing
Schools
writing
Books out of bark
Medicine – set bones
365 day calendar
Dentistry
number system
Tenochtitlan
zero concepts
Chinampas
Reasons for decline:
Reasons for decline:
Defeated by Aztecs
Defeated by
Spanish/Cortese
Incas
Contributions
Peru/Andes
Roads/bridges
Engineering
Terraces
Records – quipus
Calendar
Medicines
Reasons for decline:
Defeated by
Spanish/Pizzaro
Section 2 The Ming Dynasty in China
Middle Kingdom: ethnocentrism
Contributions:
^ food production due to fertilization and new farming techniques
porcelain; paper
China influences
Korea
Buddhism, Confucianism, ideographs, pictographs, Chinese
art, porcelain, printing
Japan
Southeast
Asia
Section 3 The Ottoman Empire
Takes over declining Byzantine empire
Capital: Constantinople > Istanbul
Empire stretched across Middle East, Europe and Africa
Reason for success:
Suleiman’s Golden Age (1520-1566):
1. Sharia
2. Bureaucracy of large empire
3. Social Classes
a. Men of Pen
b. Men of Sword
c. Men of Negotiation
d. Men of Husbandry
Millets: non-Muslim religious communities in Ottoman empire
Janissaries: elite army in Ottoman empire
Causes of decline of Ottoman Empire:
1. internal disorder – gov’t corruption
2. external pressure from Europe – Commercial revolution of Europe and advanced technology
help to defeat the Ottoman empire
Section 4 Explorations, Encounters, Imperialism
Reasons for European Exploration: Spain and Portugal needed to find new trade routes
Technology that aided exploration:
1. printing press
2. gunpowder
3. cartographer – maps, astrolabe , caravels
Explorers:
1. Vasco da Gama – sailed around Africa >India
2. Christopher Columbus – sailed to west Indies
Line of Demarcation – split world in 2 East/West – Spain/Portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas – cancelled Line of Demarcation
Reasons for Old Imperialism – god, glory and gold
3. Ferdinand Magellan – circumnavigated the world
4. Hernan Cortes – defeated the Aztecs
5. Fransico Pizarro – defeated the Incas
Reasons Spanish were successful in the Americas
1. armor, horses, weapons
2.Spanish allied themselves w/ enemies of Aztecs
3. Disease
Causes of Triangular Trade
1. Plantations in south needed labor
2. Profitable trade
Middle Passage: African slave trade
Effects of Slave Trade:
1. Caused tribal warfare
2. weakened culture
3. disrupted family units
Social Structure in Spanish Colonies
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizoes/Mulattoes
Native Americans
Slaves
What was the Colombian Exchange?
Exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas, technology – cultural diffusion
Mercantilism - colonialism
Section 5 Absolutism and the Puritan Revolution
Absolutism:
Country
Leaders
Accomplishments
India
Akbar the Great
Central gov’t
Modernized army, trade, land reform
Religious toleration
Spain
Charles V
Philip II
Louis XIV – Sun King
Split the Spanish empire between Ferdinand and Philip
Ruled with divine right ; promoted Golden Age of Spain
72 years – expanded bureaucracy, collected taxes,
recruited soldiers
- Palace of Versaille
- disciplined strong army
- persecuted the Protestant Huguenots
Russia
Ivan the Terrible
Peter the Great – 16821725
England
Tudors – 1485-1603
Stuarts - 1603
-
France
Ivan IV – central royal power/absolute
Centralized power –modernized /westernized
Russian Orthodox Church – under his control
St Petersburg
Divine right to rule
Imprison w/out trial, ^taxes, angered puritans,
dissolved parliament
Causes of English Civil War:
AKA – Puritan Revolution
Cavaliers v. Roundheads – beheads Charles I >ends monarchy>republic
(Charles) v. (Parliament – Cromwell)
Restoration:
1660 – restores Charles II to throne; 1685 James II inherits throne; Catholic and absolutist
The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights:
James II – abdicates – William and Mary come to throne without bloodshed
English Bill of Rights –
Kings must work w/ Parliament
House of Commons >financial control
Abolish excessive fines/punishment
Habeus corpus
Limited monarchy
Toleration Act – 1689 – religious toleration except for Catholics