1 Table S1: Family-level mating system and pollen diversity analyses for O. bataua. Mating system parameters were calculated in MLTR 2 (Ritland, 2002) at the family- and population-level; tm = multilocus outcrossing rate, tm-ts = biparental inbreeding, rp = correlated 3 paternity. Paternity analysis was conducted using Cervus (Marshall et al. 1998); nprogeny assigned = number of progeny for which male 4 parent was assigned with >80% confidence, nfathers = number of male parents assigned to progeny, mean distance = mean distance 5 between assigned male parents and maternal tree in metres. Probability of paternal identity (PPI) was calculated at the family- and 6 population-level according to Smouse and Robledo-Arnuncio (2005); rgg = probability of paternal identity amongst offspring, Nep = 7 number of effective pollen donors (1/rgg). The maximum likelihood estimation of the effective size of the pollen donor pool per female 8 (Nd) followed analysis presented in Nason et al. (1996). Mean values were either averaged across families or estimated at the population 9 level as indicated. 10 MLTR Paternity analysis PPI Mean Maternal tree ID Tree nprogeny Densityi nprogeny tm tm-ts rp assigned nfathers distance ± Aep s.d. (m) (ha) rgg Nep Nd 08-0012 20 20 1.2 ± 0.57 0.04 ± 0.03 0.14 ± 0.07 19 9 231 ± 169 17.9 0.152 6.6 10 08-0013 20 19 1.2 ± 0.59 0.17 ± 0.09 0.09 ± 0.04 15 12 289 ± 235 34.6 0.083 12.0 25 08-0062 20 10 1.2 ± 0.56 0.21 ± 0.10 0.33 ± 0.15 20 9 211 ± 108 7.3 0.275 3.6 8 1 08-0064 20 29 1.2 ± 0.56 0.13 ± 0.06 0.00 ± 0.02 19 15 205 ± 211 28.1 0.029 34.2 36 08-0075 20 17 1.2 ± 0.58 0.21 ± 0.10 0.21 ± 0.10 17 7 375 ± 176 19.4 0.250 4.0 7 08-0103 20 11 1.2 ± 0.57 0.21 ± 0.10 0.13 ± 0.06 19 11 239 ± 182 20.9 0.099 10.1 15 08-0111 20 16 1.2 ± 0.58 0.23 ± 0.11 0.21 ± 0.10 18 8 108 ± 87 4.7 0.203 4.9 9 08-0124 20 5 1.2 ± 0.58 0.42 ± 0.20 0.56 ± 0.27 19 5 342 ± 72 3.3 0.614 1.6 5 08-0169 20 22 1.2 ± 0.58 0 ± 0.00 0.36 ± 0.17 19 6 245 ± 170 18.2 0.357 2.8 6 08-0173 20 5 1.2 ± 0.57 0.07 ± 0.06 0.17 ± 0.08 14 4 314 ± 110 7.6 0.429 2.3 4 08-0175 19 9 1.2 ± 0.58 0.24 ± 0.12 0.23 ± 0.11 18 10 274 ± 122 9.3 0.111 9.0 13 08-0186 20 4 1.2 ± 0.58 0.29 ± 0.14 0.09 ± 0.05 17 12 308 ± 122 9.4 0.059 17.0 21 08-0223 19 2 1.2 ± 0.58 0.14 ± 0.07 0.14 ± 0.07 13 11 573 ± 173 18.7 0.026 39.0 35 08-0459 20 1 0.97 ± 0.46 0.04 ± 0.03 0.12 ± 0.06 20 12 593 ± 323 65.5 0.089 11.2 17 08-0539 20 12 0.96 ±0.47 0.08 ± 0.04 0.13 ± 0.05 20 16 279 ± 152 14.5 0.026 38.0 41 08-0625 20 16 1.2 ± 0.58 0.22 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.11 20 10 331 ± 165 17.2 0.137 7.3 12 Population Population 16.5 ± 0.18 ± 0.04 5.4 3.0 Mean (± SE) 11 i Population Population Population 19.8 12.4 1.00 ± 0.08 0.01 ± 0.08 0.20 ± 0.03 303 ± s.d. 17.9 9.8 206 18.5 Number of adult conspecifics within 75m diameter circle centred on maternal tree 2