Rev. 09-2010
Document 521
PRE-ASSESSMENT REPORT
CHAPTER: Denver Professional Chapter
COUNTRY: Ecuador
COMMUNITY: Malingua Pamba
PROJECT: Malingua Pamba Water Project –
Erosion Control Site Assessment
TRAVEL DATES: June 2011
PREPARED BY
Will Mahoney, P.G. (traveler)
Review Provided by
 Mark Richards, P.E. (Travel Team Lead)
Submittal Date: March 13, 2011
Rev. 09-2010
ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS-USA
www.ewb-usa.org
Pre-Assessment Report Part 1 – Administrative Information
1.0
Contact Information
Project Title
Name
Project Leads
President
Mentor #1
Mentor #2
Faculty Advisor (if
applicable)
Health and Safety
Officer
Assistant Health
and Safety Officer
Education Lead
NGO/Community
Contact
2.0
Chris Kurtz
Mark Donahue
Email
chrispkurtz@gmail.com
donohuema@hotmail.com
Phone
720-834-4310
303-842-3813
Chapter Name or
Organization Name
Denver Professional
Denver Professional
N/A (THIS IS ENTIRELY A PROFESSIONAL CHAPTER TRIP)
Mark Richards
mrichards@brwncald.com
303-733-4332
Denver Professional
Paul Allen
Paul.Allen@ch2m.com
720-286-1439
Denver Professional
N/A (NO EDUCTIONAL WORK IS BEING PERFORMED ON THIS TRIP)
Pam Gilbert
gilbertp0012@yahoo.com
303-543-8223
Founder of Centro
Educativo La Minga, Inc.
Travel History
Dates of
Travel
Assessment or
Implementation
November 2006
Assessment
April 2007
Assessment and
Implementation
October 2007
Assessment and
Implementation
April 2008
Assessment and
Implementation
Description of Trip
(1) Survey of potable water system, (2) Monitor potable water quality, (3)
Perform community health assessment, and (4) Build relationships with
community members
(1) Install flume to measure watershed yield, (2) Map potable and irrigation
water system using GPS devices, (3) Train local student to use GPS devices
and measure watershed yield such that data collection can occur after the
April 2007 assessment trip, (4) Replace undersized or broken potable water
pipes, (5) Train local master plumbers who will be responsible for
maintaining water systems and distributing project tools for community use
(1) Install concrete pressure break/sediment control tank along major potable
water line to control excessive pressure, (2) construct protective box around
spring to avoid clogging of intake, (3) Continue survey of potable and
irrigation water system, (3) Perform follow-up water quality monitoring, and
(4) Continue to work with training local students and plumber maestros
(1) Train community members in pouring and plumbing of concrete pressure
break tank to increase reliability in water delivery, and construct/plumb 2
tanks on potable water lines (2) Rehab portions of secondary and tertiary
water lines to reduce water waste at points of delivery and train community
in plumbing protocols
Document 521 - Pre-Assessment Report
Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
October 2008
Implementation
April 2009
Assessment and
Implementation
Assessment and
Implementation
July 2009
November 2009
Assessment and
Implementation
June 2010
Assessment
3.0
(1) Install additional hydraulic pressure break tank along major potable
water line with maestros, (2) Train local plumber maestros to prepare cost
estimates, (3) Discuss future water needs of the village, (4) Develop action
plan for tank construction and waterline extension during month following
EWB visit
(1) Met with potable and irrigation water boards to discuss operations and
maintenance.
(1) Preliminary implementation/construction of irrigation system including 2
tanks, associated piping, and various rehabilitation of existing irrigation
system. (2) Assessment of irrigation system layout. (3)Discussions with
water boards regarding financing and management of the potable and
irrigation systems
(1) Construction of 2 potable water tanks and associated potable water
pipeline. (2) Discussions with Paulino and water board regarding community
desires, water system management, etc.
(1) Assessing what was constructed between last irrigation implementation
trip and this trip. (2) Conduct pressure and flow tests as well as water quality
tests. (3) Meet with and interview potable board. (4) Assess possible
locations for botanical and dendrological based erosion. (5) Build
relationship with the local water board and community:
Travel Team (Should be 8 or less):
#
Name
1
2
3
4
Rev. 09-2010
Mark Richards (Lead)
Paul Allen
Will Mahoney
Fourth Traveller
(Denver Professional)
E-mail
Phone
mrichards@brwncald.com
Paul.Allen@ch2m.com
wbmahoney@gmail.com
TBD
303-919-6005
720-286-1439
303-770-1690
TBD
Chapter
Denver
Denver
Denver
TBD
Student or
Professional
Professional
Professional
Professional
TBD
Not Used
5
4.0
Health and Safety
A site specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) is provided as an appendix to this report.
This updated HASP is being submitted which is specific for the Scope of Work to be
performed on this trip. The upcoming travel team will review and comply with the
updated HASP that has been submitted as a standalone document along with this pre-trip
report. The follow sections provide a few highlights from the HASP.
4.1
State Department Warning
No, there are not currently any travel warnings (as Checked on January 12th 2011).
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Document 521 - Pre-Assessment Report
Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
4.2
Rev. 09-2010
Point to point travel detail
The travel team will be picked up by our in-country translator and driver, Jill Sare or
another local driver whom we have used many times before. Jill has worked with us
before on previous trips. She is an expatriate living in Ecuador with her own vehicle.
4.3
Safety Plan
Members will not travel alone. They will always have radios to maintain contact with
other team members. There is a first aid kit in the village (left by previous EWB
visitors) that is reserved exclusively for EWB use. Each EWB traveler will review and
follow EWB “Travel Tips.” Bottled drinking water will be purchased before arrival in
the village. Any water consumed in the village will be bottled or boiled.
4.4
Emergency Plan and Exit Strategy
The traveling group has a vehicle and driver continuously at their disposal. Also, the
group has been informed of the EWB membership in the SOS International Service and
the account number. Travel insurance will be arranged with EWB-USA, which
includes medical care and evacuation insurance.
4.5
5.0
Contacts
4.5.1
On-the-ground phone number and email for travel team
Jill Sare; jillsare@gmail.com
4.5.2
Nearest US Consulate Contact Information
Patria and 12 de Octubre Avenues, Quito
Telephone: 593-2-254-9083, after hours 593-2-223-4126
Email: QuitoConsular@state.gov
4.5.3
Nearest Hospital Contact Information
Hospital Claudio Benati, Zumbahua, Ecuador
Budget
5.1
Cost
Expense
Airfare
On Ground
Materials
Other
Total
Total Cost
$1400
300
50
200
$1950
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Document 521 - Pre-Assessment Report
Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
5.2
Donors and Funding
Donor Name
SOIL Fund (International
Erosion Control Association)
Total Amount Raised:
6.0
Rev. 09-2010
Type (company, foundation,
private, in-kind)
Non-Profit Organization –
501(c)(3)
Account Kept
at EWB-USA?
Amount
$1950
$1950
Project Discipline(s): Check the specific project discipline(s) addressed in this
report. Check all that apply.
Water Supply
____ Source Development
____ Water Storage
__x_ Water Distribution
____ Water Treatment
____ Water Pump
Sanitation
____ Latrine
____ Gray Water System
____ Black Water System
7.0
Civil Works
____ Roads
____ Drainage
____ Dams
Energy
____ Fuel
____ Electricity
Information Systems
____ Computer Service
78°51'54.50"W
0°49'20.75"S
Project Impact
Number of Persons directly affected:
Number of Persons indirectly affected:
9.0
Agriculture
____ Irrigation Pump
____ Irrigation Line
____ Water Storage
____ Soil Improvement
____ Fish Farm
____ Crop Processing
Equipment
Project Location
Longitude:
Latitude:
8.0
Structures
____ Bridge
____ Building
To be determined
720
Mentor Resume - Please see document 405 - Mentor Qualifications for
Professional Mentor/Technical Lead requirements related to the project area. This
can be found in the Sourcebook Downloads on the member pages of the website.
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
Pre-Assessment Report Part 2 – Technical Information
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to briefly explain the erosion problems in Malingua
Pamba which have developed a result of land management practices and construction of
the community’s water system. In order to define the extent of the erosion problem and
evaluate possible solutions, an erosion control specialist will accompany the EWBDenver team which will be completing the implementation portion of the potable water
system. The trip will take place in June 2011.
2.0
PROGRAM BACKGROUND
EWB-Denver has been involved with work on the Malingua Pamba potable water and
irrigation systems since 2006. The community had potable water and irrigation systems
that were installed by various organizations prior to EWB’s initial involvement. The
systems were either falling apart or incomplete. Thanks to EWB’s efforts and the
enthusiastic cooperation of the local community, the water system is now nearly
complete and serves most members of the community. More detailed background
information regarding details of previous involvement may be found in the previously
published report entitled “Malingua Pamba Water Project - Report on Assessment and
Implementation Activities, 2006 through 2008” (MP Water Report) as well as the
recently-submitted Pre-Implementation Report (Document 525) submitted for the
Malingua Pamba Water Project, May 2011.
Construction of the water systems exacerbated an already tenuous soil-stability situation
that had been developing over many years. Prior to agricultural development, the area
supported a cloud forest which was sustained by rich, deep organic soils. With clearing
for crops and grazing, organic topsoil has gradually been eroded down to sandy, highly
erosive, volcanic sub-soil. Following construction of water lines and holding/distribution
tanks on steep local hillsides, erosion and gullying has developed in these fragile soils.
During the most recent (June 2010) EWB-Denver assessment trip to Malingua Pamba, an
engineer (Chris McLaughlin) and an ecologist (Laura Baucus) did a preliminary
assessment of erosion problems in four areas including photo documentation.
The erosion problem at Malingua Pamba came to the attention of the International
Erosion Control Association (IECA) which is headquartered in Denver and is the world’s
oldest and largest association devoted to helping members solve the problems caused by
erosion and its byproduct—sediment. IECA connects 3,000 members who specialize in
erosion and sediment control, stormwater management, and natural resource protection.
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
IECA has created a charitable organization called the SOIL (“Save Our International
Land”) Fund. The vision of the SOIL Fund is to further the science of erosion and
sediment control and to improve the lives of those impacted by soil erosion and
sedimentation on land and in water bodies. The SOIL Fund provides a permanent
funding source for programs and projects that improve environmental quality through
education, research, and applied technology. The Fund has provided previous support to
the Tsurakú Project in eastern Ecuador (through an EWB chapter in Arizona), a water
quality project in western Kenya, a biological soil crust research and development
project, and a reforestation project on Easter Island, a Chilean territory in the South
Pacific.
The SOIL Fund has agreed to provide financial and technical support to an erosion
control specialist who will accompany the EWB-Denver team during its June 2011
implementation trip to Malingua Pamba. This initial trip for the erosion control specialist
would be for site assessment only. Implementation of erosion and sediment control
measures would take place during subsequent trips.
3.0
OBJECTIVES OF SITE ASSESSMENT TRIP
The objective of the SOIL Fund’s erosion control specialist would be to document and
assess the nature and extent of erosion and sedimentation issues in the community during
the June 2011 site assessment trip. Secondary objectives would be 1) seek input from the
community regarding local priorities for areas needing erosion treatment and control 2)
contact and seek input from Jose Calvopiña, an agricultural conservationist who provides
conservation services and environmental education in the region and 3) determine the
local and in-country availability of materials that can be used in erosion and sediment
control.
Following the site assessment trip, EWB-Denver and the SOIL Fund would need to
assess the data and come to an agreement on technologically appropriate and sustainable
approaches to the erosion problems. During a subsequent implementation trip, the
erosion control specialist, ecologist, and other interested EWB-Denver professionals
would assist the community in the implementation of the proposed solutions. The
specific goals of implementation would be to:
1) recover land currently damaged by erosion so that it could be returned to cultivation or
forest.
2) reduce the volume of sediment and debris within the potable water and irrigation
systems which is interfering with flow capacity and proper functioning of equipment.
3) reduce sediment loads in local streams which will improve aquatic habitats in the
community and downstream.
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
4.0
4.1
Rev. 09-2010
COMMUNITY INFORMATION
Description of Community
The Malingua Pamba project area is situated in the Andes Mountains in the state of
Cotopaxi, Ecuador, at an elevation of approximately 3,000 to 3,600 meters above sea
level. The area is located west of Latacunga (which is south of Ecuador’s capital city of
Quito) in the parroquia of Isinliví, cantón of Sigchos.
The scope of the Malingua Pamba Water Project includes assessment of the water supply
and improvement of potable and irrigation water supplies for the communities
(communidades) of Malingua Pamba and Tunguiche. These two communities are
separate political entities but are located in the same watershed and share a common
water right to surface waters and springs within the watershed. Total population of the
two communities is currently around 720.
Each community has a central area that contains a school, church and a small
concentration of buildings. In addition to the central areas, each community encompasses
a larger geographical area composed of sectors (sectores) where most families of the
community live and farm. Sectors of Malingua Pamba include Malingua (the central
area), Chilcaucu and Pucará. Sectors of Tunguiche include Tunguiche (the central area),
Quadrapamba, Pinalí, Cachiloma,Yana Yacu, Chimbusí and Tingo.
The 3-pipline water system which existed before the EWB improvements is owned and
operated by the community. Most of the potable system pipelines run on community
property; however a segment of the pipeline also crosses Sacatoro family land. EWBDenver has promoted and advised the community on formation of the Potable Water
Board of Malingua which has owned and operated the potable systems since its formation
nearly 3 years ago. The source, all the major tanks, valve boxes and pipelines are located
on community property and are owned publicly. Several NGOs have been involved with
the community, but no NGO owns any part of the system.
4.2
Community and Partnering Organization/NGO Resources and
Constraints
Pam Gilbert, a retired math teacher from Boulder, Colorado, has been involved with
educational and community development in Malingua Pamba for several years and
founded an NGO (Centro Educativo La Minga, www.escuelaminga.org) to support these
activities. Among her accomplishments, she obtained funding for and organized the
building of the Escuela Minga, a secondary school (colegio), in Malingua Pamba to serve
Malingua Pamba and surrounding sectors. Pam Gilbert approached EWB-Denver in the
summer of 2006 for assistance in improving the water supply in Malingua Pamba so that,
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
at a minimum, the community shower at the colegio could be made operational, and, to
address other potential water supply problems in the village.
Other organizations which currently provide funding for EWB for the water supply
project are Rotary International, CH2M Hill, and Brown and Caldwell. The SOIL Fund
of IECA is proposing to provide financial and technical support for an erosion assessment
and erosion/sediment control measures in Malingua Pamba. Further details are provided
above in sections 2.0 and 3.0.
There are financial, logistical, and sustainability constraints to an erosion/sediment
control program for Malingua Pamba. The SOIL Fund’s current financial resources and
commitments to its reforestration program on Easter Island will limit its ability to provide
material support for efforts in Malingua Pamba. However, once the site assessment has
been completed, the SOIL Fund will explore options for receiving erosion/sediment
control materials from Ecuadorian or international suppliers operating in Ecuador at a
reduced cost or at no charge. As the world’s leading erosion control association, IECA
has developed relationships with suppliers who are often receptive to providing
assistance in return for favorable publicity for their products.
Poor roads linking Malingua Pamba with Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador’s major
industrial centers, may pose logistical and financial obstacles to delivering manufactured
erosion and sediment control products to the community. Furthermore, unless affordable
products are available on a long-term basis, their effectiveness may not be sustainable if
erosion problems persist over several years.
Thus, SOIL Fund professionals in cooperation with EWB-Denver will need to keep these
potential constraints in mind when designing an erosion and sediment control program
for the community. And factors that will not be constraints are the technical ability and
necessary tools needed to install and maintain erosion and sediment control “best
management practices” (BMPs). Members of the community have proved themselves
quite adept at basic construction techniques. They can easily be taught to work with
manufactured items such as erosion control netting (made from natural fibers) and straw
wattles. They have the basic tools and a large and enthusiastic labor force needed for
installation and maintenance of erosion and sediment control BMPs.
4.3
Community Relations
EWB-Denver has worked closely with the community during the visits undertaken in
2006 through 2010 to understand their needs, their vision for the water systems, and to
identify areas where EWB can provide training and support to the community so that they
will be able to manage and maintain their water systems and adapt to future needs after
EWB’s involvement ends. EWB’s work in this area has included participation in
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Document 521 - Pre-Assessment Report
Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
community meetings, dialogue with community leaders, adaptation of plans to meet
community priorities, implementation of training programs, continued communications
via email, and in-country liaisons between trips.
EWB’s main contact with the community has been through Pam Gilbert, who heads up
Centro Educativo La Minga, a Boulder, Colorado-based NGO that supports community
education projects and through Paulino Sacatoro, the community and water board
president. Most logistics and plans are coordinated through Señor Sacatoro. One of the
first priorities of the SOIL Fund’s representative would be to develop a good working
relationship with Señor Sacatoro and Ms. Gilbert.
4.4
Community Priorities
Community priorities for erosion/sediment control are not currently known. It will be
important for the SOIL Fund professional to find out locations of eroded areas which are
of greatest concern to the community and concentrate on these areas first.
5.0
5.1
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Site Mapping
In support of the Maligua Pamba Water Project, EWB field engineers mapped water
system lines in 2007 using hand-held Garmin GPS units. Data from the GPS units was
processed using the DeLorme Topo program for computer-aided mapping. Base map
themes (roads, contour lines, streams) were digitized from the Instituto Geografico
Militar 1:25,000 quadrangle map which provides coverage of the community. These
features were imported into Topo ‘Draw Files’.
The SOIL Fund’s erosion control specialist will map erosion areas using a Garmin GPS
unit. Field data points will later be uploaded into EWB-Denver’s map data base. A map
showing the location and extent of erosion problem areas within the community can then
be produced. In addition, the area (square meters) of each eroded location can be
calculated using the GPS data enabling determination of the amount of erosion/sediment
control BMPs which would be needed during the implementation phase.
5.2
Technical Data Collection
EWB-Denver is proposing a June 2011 implementation trip which will focus on the
community’s potable water system. The erosion control specialist will accompany EWB
engineers into the field. These engineers have been on previous trips to the community
and are familiar with the local geography and, in particular, eroded areas in need of
treatment.
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
The erosion control specialist will focus data collection efforts on 1) four areas of
concern identified by an EWB-Denver engineer and ecologist during the June 2010 trip,
2) any additional areas identified by the community which are most in need of
erosion/sediment controls, and 3) other significant erosion areas observed in the course of
walking around the community with the EWB engineers who will be working on the
potable water system.
As noted in Section 5.1, points, lines, and areas of eroded locations will be recorded
using a Garmin GPS unit. Field notes will describe soils, any vegetation present, possible
causes of the erosion, depths and widths of erosion features, past community erosion
control efforts (such as the reported planting of local trees called lucheros in eroded
areas), associated downslope and stream sedimentation, and possible mitigation measures
and BMPs which could be used in the implementation phase. Photographs (keyed to
locations) will be taken to better illustrate field note descriptions.
Following the site assessment, field notes will be transcribed and a report (illustrated with
photos and location maps) will be prepared and submitted to EWB-Denver and the SOIL
Fund. The report will include alternative recommendations for erosion and sediment
mitigation and controls comparing costs, availability of materials, sustainability, and
potential effectiveness. Input from EWB-Denver and IECA professionals as well as the
Malingua Pamba community will be solicited and incorporated into the report
recommendations.
6.0
MONITORING
The purpose of the June 2011 trip by an erosion control specialist is for site assessment
only. Monitoring will be carried out once erosion control BMPs and other mitigation
measures are put in place in a subsequent phase.
6.1
Monitoring of past-implemented projects
To date, there have apparently been no systematic erosion control projects in Malingua
Pamba. As noted above in Section 5.2, the community has planted luchero trees to
control erosion in some areas. The site assessment will consider the success of tree
planting and any other community efforts.
7.0
COMMUNITY AGREEMENT/CONTRACT
It is anticipated that the local community would provide labor and tools for installation
and maintenance of BMPs and other mitigation measures. They would also gather
locally available materials such as rock, soil, downed timber, and seed for use in BMP
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
Rev. 09-2010
construction. An agreement between the EWB-Denver, the SOIL Fund, and the
community would be developed following discussions with community leaders during
the June 2011 site assessment. EWB-Denver has similar agreements with the community
regarding responsibilities for the water supply system. We would rely on EWB for
guidance in developing agreements with the community.
8.0
SCHEDULE OF TASKS
The site assessment will be conducted during the June 2011 EWB-Denver potable water
system implementation trip. The erosion control specialist’s schedule for travel,
technical data collection/mapping, and meetings with community leaders will be
coordinated with the water system implementation team. To the maximum extent
possible, the erosion control specialist will conduct work in tandem with the water system
team in order to reduce costs, maximize use of community and EWB resources, and
minimize any impacts to the water system team’s work.
9.0
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
An erosion control site assessment in Malingua Pamba should be very feasible because of
the technical and financial support from the SOIL Fund, local logistical support of Centro
Educativo La Minga, the history of cooperation between EWB-Denver and the
community, and the knowledge and community experience of the EWB-Denver potable
water system implementation team which will be visiting the community at the same
time.
The feasibility of subsequent implementation of an erosion/sediment control program will
be better understood following the initial site assessment. The SOIL Fund is confident
that some success with erosion/sediment control can be achieved with the help of the
local community. The extent of the success will depend on the availability of local
materials for use in BMPs, success in the revegetation of treated areas, and the feasibility
and sustainability of using low-tech erosion control products which are available incountry.
10.0 MENTOR ASSESSMENT
This pre-assessment document was prepared by Will Mahoney on behalf of the SOIL
Fund and with input from EWB-Denver professionals including Mark Richards,
Technical Lead for the June 2011 potable water system implementation team, and Laura
Baucus, an ecologist who chairs EWB-Denver’s erosion control group.
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Denver Professional
Malingua Pamba, Ecuador
Malingua Pamba Water Project – Erosion Control
10.1
Rev. 09-2010
Professional Mentor/Technical Lead Name (who wrote the
assessment)
Will Mahoney will be the technical lead for the erosion site assessment in June 2011.
Mr. Mahoney is Senior Environmental Scientist with more than 30 years experience in
North America, Africa, Asia, and South America working primarily on natural resources
development projects. He is currently involved with storm water management work for
the oil exploration industry in Colorado and Wyoming. He is a Registered Professional
Geologist (Wyoming) and a Certified Professional in Storm Water Quality (CPSWQ).
Mr. Mahoney has been a member of IECA since 2001 and currently serves on the SOIL
Fund’s project selection committee. He is also a member of EWB-Denver. He holds an
A.S. in environmental technology from Front Range Community College (Colorado), a
B.A. in geology from Ohio State University, and an M.A. in Geography from the
University of Montana.
Will Mahoney is reasonably functional in Spanish. He studied with a private tutor in
Denver for several years and spent a month in Guatemala in a Spanish immersion
program in 2000 where he also did volunteer work for a local environmental group. In
1998, he was a visiting scientist at the Instituto Mexicano de Agua y Tecnologia in
Cuernavaca. He is comfortable working in developing countries. In addition to
volunteer work in Niger, Mexico, Guatemala, and Brazil, he has been employed in
Botswana, Pakistan, and Turkey.
10.2
Professional Mentor/Technical Lead Affirmation
Will Mahoney acknowledges his involvement in the development of the assessment trip
plan and accepts responsibility for the course that erosion control work will take on the
Malingua Pamba Project.
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