Genetic variation
Section
A Inherited and
non-inherited
variation
B The importance
of variation
C Mendel and his
peas
D Mathematics
E The mechanism
of genetics
Objectives
Define variation as differences between
individuals.
Distinguish between inherited and non-inherited
variation.
Identify sexual and asexual methods of
reproduction.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
sexual and asexual reproduction.
Explain the mechanism of natural selection.
Workbook activities
5A 1 Variation (prac)
5A 2 Family traits (prac)
Quizzes
5A 1 Inherited or not inherited
Revision activities
5A 1a Genetic variation
5A 1b Variation inherited or not
inherited
5B 1 Sexual and asexual
5B 2 Selected by nature – or
bred by man?
5B 1 Variation
5B 2 Sexual or asexual
reproduction
5B 1a Asexual reproduction
5B 1b Sexual or asexual?
5B 1c Understanding sexual and
asexual reproduction
5B 2a Reproduction and variation
5B 2b Revise sexual or asexual
Explain what a monoculture is and give examples
of problems caused by monocultures.
Discuss the importance of variation within
populations (population and species survival) in a
changing environment such as pest infestation,
disease, drought, flood
Give evidence to show that individual inherit two
copies of each gene.
Distinguish between genes and alleles.
Use the terms dominant, recessive, homozygous,
heterozygous, genotype and phenotype correctly.
Explain how genotype determines phenotype.
Draw Punnett squares to show the expected
phenotype and genotype ratios in offspring.
Appreciate the statistical nature of genetic
predictions in that they forecast probabilities and
not specific outcomes.
5B 3 Red Rascal
5B 3 Sexual and asexual
reproduction (written answers)
5C 1 The principles of genetics
(prac)
5C 1a Mendel’s peas
5C 1b The language of genetics
5C 1a Mendel’s peas
5C 1b Language of genetics
5C 1c Genetics language
5D 1 Completing Punnett
squares
5D 2 More Punnett squares
5D 3 The case of the blind guide
dog
5D 1 Punnett squares
5D 2a Punnett squares
5D 2b Punnett squares
5D 2a Punnett squares blue eyed
5D 2b Punnett squares boy-girl
5D 2c Punnett squares Hairy
fingers
5D 2d Punnett squares flower
colour
5D 2e Blue eyed baby
5D 2f Probability for genetics
Use pedigree charts to predict genotypes and
phenotypes for specific individuals.
State the relationships between cell, nucleus,
DNA, alleles, genes and chromosomes.
Describe the roles of DNA in both carrying
instructions to next generation and determining
phenotype.
5D 4 Pedigree charts
5D 5 Puppy dog’s eyes
5E 1 The molecule of life
5D 3 Pedigree charts
5C 2 Genetics words
5C 3 Human genetics (prac)
5C 4 It’s all in the breed
5E 1 Chromosomes
5E 1a Chromosomes and DNA
5E 1b Inside genetics
5E 1c Applying the language of
genetics
-2Section
F Modern genetics
Excellence quizzes
Objectives
State where mitosis occurs, its purpose, and that
chromosome number is maintained.
Explain why any body cell from an individual can
be used to establish their DNA profile.
State where meiosis occurs, its purpose, and that
the daughter cells contain half the number of
chromosomes of the parent cell.
Describe the importance of crossing over in
creating variation in offspring.
Discuss the changes in chromosome number
during the different stages of reproduction.
Explain why individuals with an odd number of
chromosomes are usually sterile, and give
examples where such individuals can be useful.
Describe the role of the X and Y chromosomes in
sex determination and illustrate by a simple cross
that there should be a 50:50 sex ratio.
Describe the role of mutations in forming new
alleles.
Explain how a new allele can become common in
a population within a relatively small number of
generations.
Give examples of the practical applications of DNA
profiling.
Explain the benefits of selection by genotype
rather than phenotype in plant or animal breeding.
Discuss the importance of germplasm collections
and heritage varieties to New Zealand agriculture
and horticulture.
Workbook activities
5E 2 The genetics code
Quizzes
5E 2 Mitosis
Revision activities
5E 2a Mitosis
5E 2b Mitosis stages 1
5E 2c Mitosis stages 2
5E 3 Copying DNA
5E 3a Meiosis
5E 3b Mitosis and meiosis
5E 3c Human reproduction
5E 3d Principles of reproduction
5E 3e Genetics wordsearch
5F 1 Modern genetics
5F 1 Modern genetics
5E 3 Odds and evens
5E 4 Threads of life
5E 5 Inheritance processes
5F 1 Gene seeking (prac)
5F 2 With milk or without
5F 3 A better apple
5F 4 Complex vertebral
malformation – CVM
5F 5 Huntington’s choice
5F 6 The lamb that didn’t freeze
5F 7 Margot’s seeds
5F 2 Reproduction reasons
5F 3 Genetics hangman
5F 4 Genetics revision crossword
5F 4 Genetics crossword
5Ex 1 Apple breeding
5Ex 2 Black or brown
5Ex3 Diversity
5Ex 4 DNA replication in humans
5Ex 5 Grasses
5Ex 6 Sperm cells or cheek cells