Chapters 3, 4 and 5:
Transport and Fate of Contaminants
National Water Information System:
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/tutorial/index.html
Tutorials on how to access the U.S. Geological Survey’s stream flow and water quality
data sets.
Fluid Mechanics Visualizations (Brown University):
http://www.cfm.brown.edu/general/visual.html
Dramatic demonstrations of flows under various conditions. Includes graphics and
MPEG movies.
Lake Michigan Mass Balance Model: http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/lmmb/models.html
Introduction to mass balances in a complex ecosystem. Data include PCBs, mercury, the
herbicide atrazine, and the insecticide trans-nonachlor (one of the ingredients of
chlordane). This model is similar to the chemodynamic models discussed in the book, in
that it includes hydrodynamics, sediment (particle) transport, eutrophication/sorbent
dynamics, contaminant transport and fate, and food web bioaccumulation
CalTox Risk Assessment Model: http://eetd.lbl.gov/ied/ERA/
A spreadsheet model developed by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory that calculates the
emissions of a chemical, the concentration of a chemical in soil, and the risk of an
adverse health effect due to a chemical. The model has two components:
1. Multimedia environmental fate model, which evaluates the distribution of a
chemical among different environmental compartments (air, surface water, etc.),
and
2. Multiple pathway exposure model, which calculates how much of a chemical
reaches the body using environmental concentration and contact factors (e.g.
breathing rate).
Site has latest version of model, plus factors and data that can be loaded.
Total Risk Integrated Methodology (TRIM) Model:
http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/urban/trim/trimpg.html
Page has links to the fate and exposure components of the TRIM, an integrated total risk
assessment modeling system designed to address all dimensions of a complete residual
risk evaluation. Provides a framework (See figure) to assess human health and ecological
risks resulting from multimedia contamination (in air, water, soil, and food) and multi-
pathway exposures (that is, via inhalation, ingestion, and absorption exposure routes) to
pollutants. The movement of pollutant mass is tracked through a comprehensive system
of compartments.
Environmental Models - Models Knowledge Base:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/crem/knowledge_base/knowbase.cfm
Site for Models Knowledge Base, an inventory of EPA’s environmental models that
contains information about model use (What are the requirements?, How can it be
obtained?, and How is it used?) and model science (What is the scientific basis for the
model?, How was the model developed?, and was the model evaluated?). Users are
encouraged to provide feedback about the Models Knowledge Base and its models.
Links to all available models (101 on July 22, 2004) can be found at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/crem/crem_results.cfm?Act
TRIM Modular Design (Source: Ted Palma, Amy B. Vasu, and Robert G. Hetes, 1999,
“The Total Risk Integrated Methodology (TRIM).” EM, March 1999:
http://www.awma.org/em/99/Mar99/features/palma/palma.htm.
Description of Models for Multi-Compartmental Risk Assessment (Manaaki
Whenua Landcare Research, New Zealand):
http://contamsites.landcareresearch.co.nz/description_of_models.htm
Site includes descriptions and links to numerous models useful to the movement and fate
of contaminants, as well as for geographic information systems and risk calculations. The
models are particularly aimed at ecological receptors.
Modeling Long Range Transport of Air Pollutants (European Environmental
Agency): http://reports.eea.eu.int/92-9167-028-6/en/page002.html
Describes ambient air quality, pollutant dispersion and transport models used to estimate
and predict transcontinental and transoceanic movement of contaminants.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s website for the Convention on
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution: http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/
Provides links to information on persistence, airborne transport and fate of organic
chemicals and heavy metals.