SECTION TEST TWO
The Art of the Middle Ages
(Chapters 11-13, 16-18)
CHRONOLOGY
Place the following works in chronological order, putting the letters corresponding to the
oldest work in the first blank, the next oldest in the next blank, and so on.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Coronation Gospels of Charlemagne
Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral
Lindisfarne Gospels
purse, Sutton Hoo
bronze doors, St. Michael, Hildesheim
Transfiguration, St. Catherine, Mt. Sinai
Anastasis, Church of Christ in Chora
Mosque Selim II, Edirne
Junius Bassus Sarcophagus
Tympanum, St-Pierre, Moissac
Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
E
H
D
C
F
B
I
J
A
G
MUTIPLE CHOICE
11.
The Sasanians became the heirs to which of the following groups?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Romans
Persians
Parthians
Greeks
Answer: c.
12.
Parthians Knowledge
In the Dura painting, Samuel Anointing David, David is depicted with an Imperial
attribute indicating his royalty. Which of the following is that attribute?
a.
a purple toga
1
b.
c.
d.
a laurel-leaf crown
the cuirass of Augustus
the armor of Hadrian
Answer: a.
13.
Why is the Christian community house in Dura-Europas a small house?
a.
b.
c.
d.
No churches were constructed in Dura-Europas
No large dwellings were constructed in Dura-Europas
Christians did not enjoy the patronage of the Roman state
No shrines or holy structures were allowed in Dura-Europas
Answer: c.
14.
Baptism
marriage between the faithful
discussion of letters of Paul
Eucharist
Answer: d.
Eucharist Analysis/Comprehension
The Roman State persecuted the Christians. Which of the following would
account for this persecution?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Christians represented a threat to imperial authority.
The Christians fomented revolt against the Roman state
The Romans knew the Christians would be their downfall
The Romans didn’t approve of anything originating in Judea
Answer: a.
16.
Christians did not enjoy the patronage of the Roman state
Analysis/Comprehension
Which of the following celebrations would likely have been performed in the
dining room of the Christian community house?
a.
b.
c.
c.
15.
a purple toga Analysis/Comprehension
Christians refused to pay homage to the State’s gods
Comprehension/Analysis
Theodora’s presence in the mosaic program of San Vitale indicates her
importance and unique position within the court of Justinian. Specifically, the
representation of the Three Magi on the border of her robe suggests that she
__________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Belongs here as Empress
Belongs in the elevated company
Belongs here as wife to Justinian
Belongs here because of her patronage
2
Answer: b.
17.
Justinian’s position on the north wall of the apse of San Vitale is somewhat
ambiguous. He appears to be slightly behind the bishop, yet the paten he carries
overlaps the bishop’s arm. This indicates the ___________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
unimportance of Bishop Maximianus
importance of the State
force of Justinian’s character
balance between Church and State
Answer: d.
18.
Leo III
Constantine XI
Basil XI
Alexius X Comnenus
Answer: b.
the renewed interest in Byzantium
the formalization of political treaties with Byzantium
the renewed interest in the West
the fall of Byzantium
Answer: d.
the fall of Byzantium Comprehension
In an attempt to create absolute political and religious unity, Byzantine emperors
forced Orthodoxy on their diverse population. Based on this it can be said
________________ caused the loss of the Eastern provinces.
a.
b.
c.
d.
religious intolerance
poor administration
corrupt councils
shared power
Answer: a.
21.
Constantine XI Knowledge
How did the fall of Byzantium and a flight of scholars in 1453 affect scholarship
in Italy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
20.
balance between Church and State Analysis
Who was the last emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
a.
b.
c.
d.
19.
Belongs in the elevated company Analysis/Comprehension
religious intolerance Analysis
Which of the following supports Muhammad’s decision to preserve the Kaaba?
a.
It was the Islamic religion’s symbolic center
3
b.
c.
d.
It was the home of Muhammad
It was the site of Muhammad’s ascendancy into Paradise
It was the location of Muhammad’s divine inspiration
Answer: a.
22.
What was the Hegira?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Islamic conquest of Egypt
Muhammad’s flight from Mecca
Muhammad’s vision of Gabriel
the rock in the mosque at Mecca
Answer: b.
23.
the Crucifixion
the Sacrifice of Isaac
the Baptism of Christ
the Betrayal of Judas
Answer: b.
the Sacrifice of Isaac Analysis
Elaborately decorated Merovingian fibulae have been excavated from graves.
Which of the following best describes the significance of Merovingian fibulae?
a.
b.
c.
d.
emblems of prestige
simple jewelry
strictly utilitarian
holy objects
Answer: a.
25.
Muhammad’s flight from Mecca Knowledge
What is the name of the monument that was erected as a tribute to Islam and
represents the fall of Jerusalem to the Muslims in 692?
a.
b.
c.
d.
24
It was the Islamic religion’s symbolic center
Analysis/Comprehension
emblems of prestige Analysis/Comprehension
Which of the following describes the significance of the two silver spoons,
“Saulos” and “Paulos”, discovered in the Sutton Hoo burial?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They were part of the ritual burial ceremony
They represented St. Paul’s conversion to Christianity
They represented St. Paul’s need for utilitarian objects
They were left as gifts
Answer: b.
They represented St. Paul’s conversion to Christianity
Comprehension/Analysis
4
26.
The Sutton Hoo purse has two groupings each of a man standing between two
lions. This can also be found in what earlier culture?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sumer
Classical Greece
Etruscans
Late Roman Empire
Answer: a.
27.
Early 11th Century England was briefly part of what empire?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Merovingian
Carolingian
Danish
Celtic
Answer: c.
28.
Books of Devotions
Books of Sacramentaries
Books of Hours
Books of Benedictionals
Answer: c.
Books of Hours Analysis/Comprehension
Which of the following was a more complex and efficient system of vaulting that
admitted more light and was aesthetically pleasing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
elevating the side walls with additional buttressing
eliminating the upper galleries or tribunes
covering the nave with groin vaults
eliminating the ambulatory from the apse
Answer: c.
30.
Danish Knowledge
In the later Middle Ages religious books were created for the private devotions of
the laity based on readers used by the monks. These books contained prayers to
be read at specific times during the day and were popularly known as
_________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
29.
Sumer Application
covering the nave with groin vaults Analysis/Comprehension
Of the following characteristics, which is not relevant to Italian church
architecture?
a.
b.
verticality
thick, massive walls
5
c.
d.
continuous barrel-vaulting
groin-vaulting
Answer: a.
31.
On the right face of the trumeau is a prophet, displaying his scroll containing his
prophetic vision. He is placed immediately below the depiction of Christ the
Judge. This is another instance of the pairing of the Old and New Testament
themes. This iconographic tradition was established during which of the following
periods?
a.
a.
b.
d.
Early Christian
Early Byzantine
Carolingian
Hiberno-Saxon
Answer: a.
32.
St.-Sernin, Toulouse
St.-Génis-des-Fontaines
San Miniato, Florence
St.-Pierre, Moissac
Answer: d.
St.-Pierre, Moissac Comprehension
The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united
all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this
momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned
this work?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Duke William of Normandy
Bishop Odo
Harold, Earl of Wessex
Mathilda of Normandy
Answer: b.
34.
Early Christian Analysis/Comprehension
The prophet, identified either as Jeremiah or Isaiah, is tall and thin. The
animation of his body reveals the inner passion of his soul. In which of the
following churches does this figure appear?
a.
b.
c.
d.
33.
verticality Application/Knowledge
Bishop Odo Knowledge
How does the Moralia in Job conform to Bernard of Clairvaux’s ban on figural
art?
a.
b.
It conforms because the duel between the knight and dragon is allegorical
It conforms because the initial letter forms a reverential salutation
6
c.
d.
It conforms because it was produced before the ban was initiated
It conforms because it is a letter from St. Gregory to Bishop Leandro
Answer: c.
35.
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of Gothic architecture?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Its rounded arches allowed for greater height
Its interior is permeated with light
Its interior is narrow and long windows are eliminated
Its side aisles are now included in order to broaden the interior
Answer: c.
36.
St-Sernin, Toulouse
Ste-Madeleine, Vézelay
Notre-Dame, Paris
St-Étienne, Caen
Answer: d.
fan vaulting
Perpendicular style
rose window
rounded arches
Answer: c.
rose window Comprehension
Who may have conceived the complicated iconographical portal program for
Chartres Cathedral?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Abbot Suger
Thierry of Chartres
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
St. Thomas Aquinas
Answer: b.
39.
St-Étienne, Caen Comprehension/Analysis
Which of the following became a standard feature of French Gothic architecture?
a.
b.
c.
d.
38.
Its interior is permeated with light Analysis/Comprehension
The façade of St-Denis consists of a double-tower westwork. Which of the
following could have been the influence for this façade?
a.
b.
c.
d.
37.
It conforms because it was produced before the ban was initiated
Knowledge/Comprehension
Thierry of Chartres Knowledge
Which of the following describes the theme of all three capitals in the doorway of
the west portal (Portal Royal) of Chartres Cathedral?
7
a.
b.
c.
d.
The episodes from the life of the Virgin
The episodes from the Old Testament
The episodes from the Passion
The episodes from the life of Christ
Answer: d.
40.
How was the decoration of the Chartres Cathedral portal sculptures distinctly
different from other Romanesque portal sculptures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the exclusion of scenes from the Passion
the inclusion of the Old Testament Kings
the prominence of Mary in the portal program
the inclusion of scenes from the life of Christ
Answer: c.
41.
The episodes from the life of the Christ Analysis/Comprehension
the prominence of Mary in the portal program
Comprehension/Analysis
What was the mission of the Knights Templar?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To protect the estates of knights participating in the Crusades
To protect the pilgrim passage between St-Sernin in Toulouse and
Santiago de Compostela in Spain
To protect the pilgrims visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land
To be the personal guard of Bernard of Clairvaux
Answer: c.
To protect the pilgrims visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land
Knowledge
SHORT ANSWER
42.
How does the painting from Dura Europos reflect Late Antique art?
Answer: The important figures are presented as larger than the other characters.
For example, in the episode of Samuel anointing David, our attention is focused
on Samuel who is larger than the other figures. The purple toga distinguishes
David. It represented the imperial color and a motif favored by the Romans.
Analysis
43.
How does the Christian community house located in Dura-Europas reflect the
state of Christianity within the Roman Empire?
Answer: This house is small and secondhand in contrast to the grand temples the
Empire supported. Without the approval of the Roman state these communities
remained small and attracted the most impoverished. The Christian appeal
8
centered on the equality of judgment in the afterlife. The consequence of birth
was immaterial. This was especially important to the converts. Analysis
44.
What is the significance of Old St. Peter’s church?
Answer: Constantine was both Roman emperor and defender of the Christian
faith. In order to keep the peace between his Christian and pagan constituencies
he order the construction of churches on the city’s outskirts. Old St. Peter’s was
the most magnificent of these Early Christian churches. It was constructed on
what was believed to be the spot of Peter’s grave. This church became the visible
sign of the acceptance of Christianity by the Empire. Analysis/Comprehension
45.
The phrase “consequences of iconoclasm” has significant meaning for the history
of Byzantine art. Assess the Iconoclasm and its subsequent impact on Byzantine
art.
Answer: The damage that this period (726-843) had on the art of Byzantium
cannot be overstated. For 117 years no depictions of Christ, the Virgin, or the
saints were allowed. Even more damaging was the concerted effort made by the
iconoclasts to destroy countless works from the Early Byzantine period, hence the
fragmentary knowledge of this early artistic period. Evaluation
46.
Summarize the significance of the Fourth Crusade.
Answer: Latin crusaders sacked Constantinople at Venetian instigation in 1203–
04. This devastation considerably weakened Byzantium and fragmented the
Empire. During the next two centuries, the empire disintegrated even more and
eventually, in this weakened state, fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, thus ending
the reign of the “Rome of the East.” Evaluation
47.
Assess the contributions of Justinian during the Early Byzantine period.
Answer: His reign marks the end of the Late Roman Empire and the beginning of
the Byzantine Empire. He briefly restored the Roman Empire’s power and extent
by driving the Ostrogoths from Italy and the Vandals from North Africa. He
contained the Bulgars on the northern frontier and checked the Sasanians on the
eastern borders. He ambitiously set forth a building program which defined the
Byzantine architectural style henceforth. He supervised the codification of Roman
law. Analysis
.
48.
Evaluate the statement, “the Vladimir Madonna is a masterpiece of its kind.”
Answer: This icon is the product of centuries of stylized abstraction containing
the characteristic traits of the Byzantine icon. But the conventional depiction has
become a more tender and personalized image of the Virgin and Child. In this
icon, the Virgin is transformed into the “Virgin of Compassion”, pressing her
cheek against her son’s infusing the icon with a mother’s love. The icon is also
9
infused with the pathos of her knowledge of her son’s subsequent sufferings.
Evaluation
49.
How does the decorative design of the Toul Cathedral silk fragment differ from
the architectural decorative design of mosques? How did it come to Toul
Cathedral?
Answer: It is thought this fragment survived because of its association with the
relics of St. Amon, housed in Toul Cathedral. This silk may have been used to
wrap the relics when they were sent to France. The design motif is zoomorphic,
confronting lions flanking a palm tree. This type of decorative motif would never
be a part of mosque decorative design. However this type of motif could be used
in the private household. Analysis/Comprehension
50.
Describe the Alhambra and its impact on the West.
Answer: It is a huge palace-fortress located in the city of Granada, Spain. By the
end of the 14th century, the Alhambra became a city within a city. It housed
multiple royal residences and presented a vivid picture of the opulent life-style of
the Nasrids. It was the last significant bastion of Muslim power in Europe. When
Isabella and Ferdinand finally expelled the Nasrids and Muslim power from
Spain, the Alhambra was the trophy commemorating the triumph of Isabella and
Ferdinand. Knowledge/Comprehension
51.
How did the Mongols impact Islamic art?
Answer: By the mid-13th century the Mongols conquered much of the eastern
Islamic world. They were truly a formidable military power; their incursions and
conquests caused the seat of Islamic power, centered in Baghdad, to be relocated
to Egypt. They held sway in the east and the new lords of Islamic power became
the Mamluks and Cairo was now the capital of the Islamic world. The Mamluks
portrayed the Mongols vividly. The St. Louis basin presents such an image, the
Mongols as enemies and the Mamluks as hunters. Comprehension/Analysis
52.
Evaluate the significance of the Ottomans and their influence as builders.
Answer: Their history starts with Osman I, who ruled from the late 13th century
and into the early 14th century. The Ottomans established themselves as a dynasty
and under Osman’s successors more territory was gained until finally
Constantinople fell to them in 1453. The Ottoman Empire was a significant world
power until the early 20th century. They were lavish patrons of the arts and
supported great building programs. Under their rule a new mosque type was
developed, a square prayer hall covered by a dome. This style became the
dominant type in Iran and the nucleus of Ottoman mosque architecture.
Analysis/Comprehension
10
53.
Briefly describe a cross-inscribed carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels and
what it shows?
Answer: It is a design involving zoomorphic forms intermingling with clusters
and knots producing rhythm and energy. Yet, it is held in check by the regularity
of the design and dominating cross motif. It also shows the marriage of Christian
imagery and the animal-interlace style of the North. Application
54.
Evaluate the architectural plan for the monastery at St. Gall
Answer: It provided a coherent arrangement for the buildings within a monastic
community. The fundamental purpose of the design was the separate the monks
from laity who also lived within the community. Evaluation
55.
Evaluate the portrait of Otto III from the Gospel Book of Otto III.
Answer: He is presented as an emperor, holding the cross-inscribed orb and
scepter, emblems of his office and his authority. At his sides are the clergy and
barons, representing the Church and the state. Otto III was very aware of his
Byzantine connections (his mother was Theophanu, an imperial princess of
Byzantium), even though this portrait is stylistically remote from Byzantium, the
political resemblances to Byzantium are clear. This work shows the same political
theme as the mosaic portrait of Justinian from San Vitale. Analysis
56.
The portrait of St. Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels describes the union of
Early Medieval Christian art and thought. Briefly analyze that union.
Answer: The scene portrays Matthew seated writing a gospel, and in the
background appears a head holding a closed book emerging from the curtain. It is
thought that this figure could be a representation of Moses. Both figures,
Matthew and Moses, represent the New and Old Testaments, and both books are
depicted as open and closed. This is the union of Early Medieval Christian art
and thought. It is the presentation of the New and Old Testaments as open and
closed. Analysis
57.
The Romanesque period has been credited with the revival of stone carving.
Briefly assess the reason and/or reasons for such a revival.
Answer: There is no doubt that Rome itself provided the inspiration for such a
revival from the abundant remains found throughout Europe itself. These Roman
sculptures provided powerful inspiration and observable examples of the art of
stone carving. This revival added significantly to church sculptural programs, and
they also contributed as a “teaching” tool for the faithful by providing visible
pictures for instruction. Application
11
58.
Evaluate the relationship between the Crusades and the Mission of the Apostles
from the Vezelay tympanum.
Answer: Vezelay was closely associated with the Crusades. Urban II had intended
to preach the launch of the First Crusade at Vezelay. Bernard of Clairvaux called
for the Second Crusade from Vezelay, and the Third Crusade was started at
Vezelay. The iconographic implications of the tympanum, itself could read as a
mission of the “apostles” in the guise of the crusaders who would bring
Christianity to the Infidel. Analysis
59.
Describe the subject matter of the portal of St-Trophîme, Arles.
Answer: It is strictly Christian and Romanesque, even with its resemblance to
Roman narrative style. It shows Christ with the symbols of the Four Evangelists
and directly below him are the Twelve Apostles at the center of a continuous
frieze depicting the Last Judgment. The outer most parts are the Saved and the
Damned in the flames of Hell, with figures of the saints in classical garb,
repeating the Romanesque themes of Salvation and Redemption. Analysis
60.
How do stained glass windows function within the context of a cathedral?
Answer: They were not meant to just introduce color and iconography into the
interiors. In the cathedral interior stained glass windows did not conceal walls as
frescoes or mosaics did, stained glass windows replaced walls. Light passes
through them and is transmitted by them, filtering and transforming interiors.
Stained glass windows became one with the architecture and the liturgy.
Analysis/Comprehension
61.
How does the Porch of the Confessors in Chartres Cathedral reflect the High
Gothic style?
Answer: The Porch of the Confessors is located on the south transept. This portal
projects more forcefully from the church’s façade unlike the earlier portals. The
statues have evolved with more independence from the architecture but the
figures are still attached to columns. The figures communicate more fully with the
viewer and also each other, almost as if they were engaged in a dialog. Now the
slight movements of the figures’ positions have softened the rigid verticality of
the Early Gothic style. Analysis/Comprehension
62.
What is lux nova?
Answer: Literally translated from the Latin as new light, it refers to the church
interiors. The innovative ribbed vaults resting on pointed arches allowed the
masons to eliminate some interior walls and replace them with windows, stained
glass windows. These windows brought natural light and diffused it throughout
the interiors transforming these interiors into a perceptually charged atmosphere.
12
It literally transformed the interiors from darkness into light.
Analysis/Comprehension
63.
How does the statue of Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux symbolize the Gothic period?
Answer: One of the most influential religious figures of the period was the Virgin.
In fact, many of the cathedrals were named in her honor (Notre-Dame). She
represented the compassionate and gentle mother. This role had now transformed
her into mediator; she stood between the Judge and the sinner. This is reflected in
portal sculptural programs. The Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux reflected the change in
sculptural presentation as well. The gentle sway of the figure was more
humanizing and the flow of the drapery was also more natural. The sculptor was
attempting to indicate the corporeality of the body beneath the cloth. All these
elements converged into this one figure and made it ideal for representing this
period. Analysis/Comprehension
64.
Briefly describe the Perpendicular Gothic style. In what country was it most
popular?
Answer: Perpendicular Gothic style emphasized strong verticality of its
decorative details and often with elaborate vaults. This was the last English
Gothic style. Knowledge/Comprehension
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
65.
(Figure 11–11)
a.
b.
c.
d.
S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna
St. Peter’s, Rome
Santa Costanza, Rome
Santa Sabina
Answer: c.
66.
(Figure 11–6)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Christ seated
the Crucifixion
Good Shepherd
Sol Invictus
Answer: a.
67.
Santa Costanza, Rome
Christ seated
(Figure 11–2)
a.
b.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna
Santa Sabina, Rome
13
c.
d.
Community House, Dura Europos
Synagogue, Dura Europos
Answer: c.
68.
(Figure 11–9)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dura Europos
Ravenna
Rome
Milan
Answer: c.
69.
timbered ceiling
domed ceiling
squinch
vault
Answer: a.
San Vitale
Hagia Sophia
St. Dimitri
St. Mark’s
Answer: d.
St. Mark’s
(Figure 12–5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
St. Peter’s, Rome
churches of Hosios Loukas, Greece
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople
Annunciation Cathedral, Moscow
Answer: c.
72.
timbered ceiling
(Figure 12–23)
a.
b.
c.
d.
71.
Rome
(Figure 11–8)
a.
b.
c.
d.
70.
Community House, Dura Europos
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople
(Figure 12–11)
a.
b.
c.
Early Christian
Early Byzantine
Middle Byzantine
14
d.
Late Byzantine
Answer: b.
73.
(Figure 12–24)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Italy
Russia
Turkey
Sicily
Answer: d.
74.
Pentecost
Ascension
Lamentation
Transfiguration
Answer: d.
Mosque at Córdoba
Great Mosque at Damascus
Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
Great Mosque at Isfahan
Answer: b.
Great Mosque at Damascus
(Figure 13–2)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hall of Two Sisters
Shahi (Imam) Mosque
Palace at Mshatta
Dome of the Rock
Answer: b.
77.
Transfiguration
(Figure 13–3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
76.
Sicily
(Figure 12–13)
a.
b.
c.
d.
75.
Early Byzantine
Dome of the Rock
(Figure 13–17)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Spain
Iran
Turkey
Iraq
15
Answer: a.
78.
(Figure 13–22)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Palace at Mshatta, Jordan
Mosque of Selim II, Edirne
Great Mosque at Damascus
Answer: c.
79.
Bernward Cross
Charlemagne Cross
Gero Cross
Otto III Cross
Answer: c.
Gero Cross
(Figure 16–5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lindisfarne Gospels
Book of Durrow
Ebbo Gospels
Book of Kells
Answer: b.
82.
tile
(Figure 16–26)
a.
b.
c.
d.
81.
Mosque of Selim II, Edirne
(Figure 13–25)
a.
tile
b.
brick
c.
copper tablets
d.
painted stucco
Answer: a.
80.
Spain
Book of Durrow
(Figure 16–17)
a.
b.
c.
d.
St. Pantaleon, Cologne
San Vitale, Ravenna
Palatine Chapel, Aachen
Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim
Answer: c.
Palatine Chapel, Aachen
16
83.
(Figure 16–3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anglo-Saxon
Viking
Hiberno-Saxon
Carolingian
Answer: b.
84.
(Figure 16–14)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ebbo Gospels
Coronation Gospels
Utrecht Psalter
Book of Kells
Answer: c.
85.
Battle of Hastings
Battle of Poitiers
Battle of Verdun
Battle of Jerusalem
Answer: a.
Battle of Hastings
(Figure 17–6)
a.
b.
c.
d.
barrel vault
ribbed vault
groined vault
oval vault
Answer: c.
87.
Utrecht Psalter
(Figure 17–40)
a.
b.
c.
d.
86.
Viking
groined vault
(Figure 17–28)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Benedetto Antelami
Giselbertus
Rainer of Huy
Wiligelmo
Answer: a.
Benedetto Antelami
17
88.
(Figure 17–27)
a.
b.
c.
d.
St-Sernin, Toulouse
St. Trophîme, Arles
Pisa Cathedral
Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence
Answer: b.
89.
(Figure 17–7)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pisa Cathedral
Cluny III
Speyer Cathedral
St.-Sernin
Answer: b.
90.
Notre Dame, Paris
Ste-Chapelle
Cologne Cathedral
Orvieto Cathedral
Answer: b.
Early Gothic
High Gothic
Flamboyant Gothic
Perpendicular Gothic
Answer: a.
Early Gothic
(Figure 18–16)
a.
b.
c.
d.
St. Theodore
St. George
St. Peter
Jeremiah
Answer: a.
93.
Ste-Chapelle
(Figure 18–1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
92.
Cluny III
(Figure 18–23)
a.
b.
c.
d.
91.
St. Trophîme, Arles
St. Theodore
(Figure 18–14)
18
a.
b.
c.
d.
Chartres Cathedral
Notre Dame, Paris
Amiens Cathedral
Milan Cathedral
Answer: a.
94.
Chartres Cathedral
(Figure 18–22)
a.
b.
c.
a.
Uta and Blanche
Annunciation
Visitation
Blanche and Jeanne d’Eveurx
Answer: c.
Visitation
19