Name:_________________________
Science Study Guide
Chapter 7: “Types of Matter”
Properties of Matter
1. Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object
(constant throughout the universe), while Weight is
the measure of the pull of gravity on an object
(changes depending on gravity of each planet, moon,
or vacuum).
2. The [chemical or physical] properties of matter can
be observed with instruments or through our five
senses of smell, sight, taste, feel, or hearing.
3. Classify each of these properties as either
physical or chemical properties:
color
volume
P
density P
P boiling point P
Physical Properties (Five
Senses)
Color
combustibility C
melting point P
Chemical Properties
Combustibility
Density
volume
Boiling point
Melting point
Three States of Matter
4. definite volume + definite shape = solid, liquid,
or gas?
5. definite volume + no definite shape (shape can
change) = solid, liquid, or gas?
6. no definite volume (can be compressed tightly or
loosely) + no definite shape = solid, liquid, or
gas?
Physical Changes to Matter
7. Heating a solid to its melting point changes it
into a [solid, liquid, or gas].
8. Heating a liquid to its boiling point changes it
into a [solid, liquid, or gas].
9. Heating a solid and changing it directly into a gas
without it becoming a liquid first is called
sublimation. An example: dry ice (solid to gas)
10.
Cooling a gas to its condensation point changes
it into a [solid, liquid, or gas].
11.
Cooling a liquid to its freezing point changes
it into a [solid, liquid, or gas].
12.
Know how the molecules are arranged more
closely or spread out in solids, liquids, and
gases. Please draw a diagram in the boxes below.
…..
……
solids
.
.
.
.
.
.
liquids
.
.
.
.
gases
13.
When molecules in matter are heated, they [move
faster/speed up or slow down].
14.
When molecules in matter are cooled, they [move
faster or slow down].
Elements
15.
All living organisms are comprised (made of) of
what 3 common elements? carbon oxygen hydrogen
16.
The most common element in the human body is
oxygen.
17.
Name the four most common elements on Earth.
Carbon nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen
18.
Know that an element is comprised of atoms with
the same exact structure, and each unique element’s
properties are determined by its atoms’ structural
composition.
19.
Plant and animal cells are comprised of [one, a
few, or hundreds of] element(s).
20.
Two or more atoms linked together form a
molecule.
Sub-Atomic Particles of an Atom:
Name:_________________________
21.
Protons have a + charge and are found in the
nucleus of an atom.
22.
Neutrons have a neutral charge and are found in
the nucleus of an atom.
23.
Electrons have a - charge and are found in the
outer shell of an atom.
*Two atoms linked together form a molecule. A molecule
is a substance having two or more atoms.
24.
Periodic Table
Each element’s atomic number determines its
order on the Periodic Table.
25.
The atomic number of an element tells you how
many protons it contains in its nucleus.
26.
Know what a row is on the Periodic Table, as
well as what a group
(column) is.
27.
Elements in the same
[column or row] often have
similar chemical properties.
28.
Elements located in
the upper-right hand section
of the Periodic Table are non-metals; in contrast,
elements found close to the bottom-left hand side
of the Periodic
Table are metals.
*On the periodic table, from left to right, groups
become less metallic.
29.
Also, know where the metalloids are located on
the Table.
30.
Which instruments are powerful enough to
magnify matter enough for atoms to be seen?
Electron microscope, one angstrom microscope, field
ion microscope, and
31.
scanning tunnel microscope
Name some important differences between an
electron microscope and a simple microscope.
An electron microscope allows scientists to see
that atoms are arranged in random, non-repeating
patterns.
With a simple microscope, you cannot see atoms.
32.
With electron microscopes, scientists now know
that atoms are [finite in size or infinite in size]
+ [cubical in shape / triangular in shape /
spherical in shape].
33.
Mixtures
Mixtures [do / do not] produce substances with
new properties.
34.
Define a mixture, and be able to name some
common mixtures found in your environment.
A Mixture is the physical combination of two or more
substances that do not form new substances. Examples: trail
mix and salads
35.
When a solid is dissolved in a liquid it forms
a solution.
36.
In a solution, the liquid part that does the
dissolving is called the [solute or solvent].
Name:_________________________
37.
In a solution, the solid part that gets
dissolved is called the [solute or solvent].
38.
Each substance dissolves differently in a
solvent such as water.
This level of measuring
just how well a substance dissolves is called the
substance’s solubility.
39.
Know the difference between a homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixture.
Which one would be easier
to separate the pieces? Heterogeneous, because it
is made with particles that are big enough to see.
40.
Compounds
All compounds are comprised of [one / two / at
least two] atom(s) and two or more elements.
41.
Compounds [do / do not] produce substances with
new properties.
42.
Know how a flame test works and what it tells
when you have completed it. Discuss
43.
Understand how to count the
number of atoms in the formula for a
compound.
For example, in the
formula for methane (CH4), there is 1
carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms, or 5 total atoms.