AP Biology Genetics
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
14.1 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance
 Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative Approach- character, traits, crosspollination, true-breeding, self-pollinate, hybridization, P generation, F1
generation, F2 generation
 The Law of Segregation- dominant trait, recessive trait, heritable factor,
gene, alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited
characters, alleles, locus, for each character an organism inherits two
alleles, dominant allele determines appearance (while) recessive allele
has no noticeable effect on appearance, law of segregation, Punnett
square, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, testcross
 The Law of Independent Assortment- monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross,
law of independent assortment, linked genes
Concept Check 2
14.2 The Laws of probability govern Mendelian inheritance
 The Multiplication and Addition Rules Applied to Monohybrid Crossesmultiplication rule, rule of addition
 Solving Complex Genetics Problems with the Rules of Probability
Concept Check 1,2,3
14.3 Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian
genetics
 Extending Mendelian Genetics for a Single Gene- complete dominance,
codominance, incomplete dominance
 The Relation Between Dominace and Phenotype- a dominant allele does
not subdue a recessive allele
 Frequency of Dominant Alleles- polydactyl, multiple alleles, pleiotropy,
cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell disease, ABO blood group, IA, IB, i
 Extending Mendelian Genetics for Two or More Genes- epistasis,
quantitative characters, polygenic inheritance
 Nature and Nurture: The Environmental Impact on Phenotype- norm of
reaction, multifactorial,
 Integrating a Mendelian View of Heredity and Variation
Concept Check 1,2
AP Biology Genetics
14.4 Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance
 Pedigree Analysis- pedigree
 Recessively Inherited Disorders- carriers, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell
disease, consanguine matings
 Dominantly Inherited Disorders- achondroplasia, Huntington’s Disease
 Multifactorial Disorders- multifactorial diseases, heart disease, cancer
 Genetic Testing and Counseling- genetic counselors, amniocentesis,
chorionic villus sampling (CVS), in utero
Concept Check 1,2
Testing Your Knowledge 1-17
AP Biology Genetics
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes
 Intro- chromosome theory of inheritance
 Morgan’s Experimental Evidence - Thomas Hunt Morgan, fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster, wild type, w+, mutant, w
Concept Check 1,2
15.2 Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other
on the same chromosome
 Intro- linked genes
 How Linkage Affects Inheritance- b+, b, vg+, vg, genetic recombination
 Genetic Recombination and Linkage- parental types, recombinant types,
recombinants
 Linkage Mapping: Using Recombination Data- genetic map, linkage map,
map unit, centimorgan, cytogenetic maps
Concept Check 1,2,3
15.3 Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance
 The Chromosomal Basis of Sex- sex, XX, XY
 Inheritance of Sex-Linked Genes- sex-linked gene, colorblindness,
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia
 X Inactivation in Female Mammals- Barr body, mosaic
Concept Check 1,2,3
15.4 Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders
 Intro- spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)
 Abnormal Chromosome Number- nondisjunction, aneuploidy, trisomy,
monosomy, polyploidy
 Alterations of Chromosome Structure- deletion, duplication, inversion,
translocation
 Human Disorders due to Chromosomal Alterations- Down Syndrome,
trisomy 21, monosomy X, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, cri-duchat, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Philidelphia chromosome
Concept Check 2
15.5 Some inheritance patterns are exceptions to the standard chromosome theory
 Genomic Imprinting- genomic imprinting
 Inheritance of Organelle Genes- extranuclear genes, mitochondrial genes
Concept Check- none
AP Biology Genetics
Testing Your Knowledge 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8