Unit 3 Biology
Membranes and Organelles
Guiding Questions
1.
2.
3.
What is the name of the boundary that surrounds a cell?
What is the name of the fluid inside the cell?
How does the plasma membrane ensure the survival of the cell?
4.
What are the four main roles of the plasma membrane?
5.
6.
7.
What other organelles within the eukaryotic cell are formed from plasma membranes?
How are organelles held in place within the cell?
What is the main difference between the plasma membrane and the membranes of intracellular
organelles?
8.
9.
What is the basic structure of a biological membrane?
What is the chemical property of the head of the phospholipid molecule and how does it behave as a
result?
10. What is the chemical property of the tail of the phospholipid molecule and how does it behave as a
result?
11. What is found on either side of the plasma membrane?
12. In what direction can phospholipids within the membrane move?
13. What is the role of steroid lipids such as cholesterol within the plasma membrane?
14. What is the role of glycolipids within the plasma membrane?
15. What is the role of glycoproteins within the plasma membrane?
16. How are proteins anchored in the plasma membrane?
17. What is the fluid mosaic model?
18. What does the “fluid” part of the name describe?
19. What does the “mosaic” part of the name describe?
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
What are the four types of membrane proteins?
What do transport proteins do?
What do receptor proteins do?
What do recognition proteins do?
What do adhesion proteins do?
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the nuclear envelope?
How can we identify the nucleus when looking under a microscope?
How many nuclei do we find in most cells?
What are the exceptions to this?
30. What are chromosomes?
31. What type of RNA is produced in the nucleus and passes into the cytoplasm?
32. What are nucleoli?
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
What is the function of mitochondria?
What is their structure?
Where is ATP produced?
What is ATP?
How is the number of mitochondria related to energy usage in cells?
Where are mitochondria found within a cell?
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where are ribosomes found?
What does the binding of mRNA to ribosomes direct?
Where are proteins produced in the RER transported to?
Where are proteins produced on free ribosomes going to be used?
What are free ribosomes?
45. What other organelles contain free ribosomes?
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the structure of the ER?
What does the ER contain?
What are the two types of ER?
Where do proteins travel to once they have passed into the lumen of the ER?
Where is RER abundant?
What is the Golgi apparatus the site for?
What are proteins packaged into?
How do secretory vesicles release their contents?
Are all proteins packaged in the Golgi destined for release from the cell?
What types of cells have well-developed Golgi apparatus?
57.
58.
59.
60.
What are lysosomes?
What do lysosomes contain?
What occurs within lysosomes?
What happens to the residue from lysosomes?
61.
62.
63.
64.
What are peroxisomes?
What does catalase prevent?
What are endosomes?
What do endosomes do?
65. What is the function of granules within a cell?
66. What are examples of granules?
67. What type of granules can’t animal cells store?
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
What organisms contain chloroplasts?
What is the purpose of chloroplasts?
What is their structure?
What are the membranous sacs within the chloroplast called?
Where is chlorophyll located?
What does the stroma contain?
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
76. What is the cytoskeleton?
77. What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
78. What are microtubules?
79. What are microfilaments?
80. What are intermediate filaments?
81. How many cells do multicellular organisms consist of?
82. What are the three different types of junctions between animal cells?
83. What are occluding junctions?
84. What are communicating junctions?
85. What sort of communication do they allow?
86. What are anchoring junctions?
87. What is the purpose of the protein plaques in anchoring junctions?
88. Why don’t plants need anchoring junctions?
89. What type of junctions exist in plant cells?
90. How are plasmodesmata formed?
91. The presence of plasmodesmata means that large numbers of cells within a plant are connected by
what?