References considered but excluded from the meta-analysis
Aadland, R. L. (1981). The prediction of use of deadly force by police officers in simulated field
situations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional
Psychology, Los Angeles. (DT measure not used)
Aamodt, M. G. (2004). Law Enforcement Selection: Research Summaries. Police Executive
Research Forum. Washington, D.C. (meta-analysis)
Aamodt, M. G., & Flink, W. (2001). Relationship between educational level and cadet
performance in a police academy. Applied HRM Research, 6, 75-76. (DT measure not
used)
Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1985). Personality differences between police and fire
applicants. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 1, 10-13. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1990). Development of a police selection battery: A ten
year follow-up. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Police and
Criminal Psychology, Albuquerque, New Mexico. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Abbatiello, A. A. (1969). A study of police candidate selection. Paper presented at the 77th
Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Abela, A. V. (2006). Marketing and consumerism: A response to O'Shaughnessy and
O'Shaughnessy. European Journal of Marketing, 40, 5-16. (not empirical)
Abraham, J. D., & Morrison, J. D. (2003). Relationship between the Performance Perspectives
Inventory’s Conscientiousness scale and job performance of corporate security guards.
Applied H.R.M. Research, 8, 45-48. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Adams, S. H. (2004). The relationships among adult attachment, general self-disclosure, and
perceived organizational trust. (Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3136592. (DT measure not used)
Afkham, E. A., Birashk, B., & Maknoun, N. (2008). Attachment styles and their relationship to
self and other models and personality traits in students of faculties of university of
medical sciences. Advances in Cognitive Science Fall, 10, 34-44. (DT measure not
used)
Agarwal, D., & Cruise, M. (1999). Ethical work climate dimensions in a not-for-profit
organization: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 1-14. (not empirical)
Agger. A. (1958). Political aspirations of law students. Political Research, Organization and
Design : PROD (pre-1986). (not empirical)
Agyapong, O.A. (1988). The effect of professionalism on police job performance: An empirical
assessment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University. (DT measure
not used)
Ahmed, S. (1981). Factor analysis of the Machiavellian scale. Social Behavior and Personality,
9, 113-115. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ahumada, E. A. (1977). Manipulative skills and educational personnel. (Doctoral Dissertation,
The University of Mexico). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 7727159. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Albanese-Kotar, N. F. (2001). Development of an expanding typology of perfectionism and
examination of the relationship between perfectionism and psychological well-being.
(Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison). ProQuest Dissertation,
AAT 3012469. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Alexander, C. N., & Beggs, J. J. (1986). Disguising personal inventories: A situated identity
strategy. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 192-200. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Alexander, C. N., & Rudd, J. (1984). Predicting behaviors from situated identities. Social
Psychology Quarterly, 47, 172-177. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Alford, F. (1999). Interpretive leadership and the charms of corruption. Journal for the
Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, 4, 201-208. (not empirical)
Ali, F., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010). The dark side of love and life satisfaction:
Associations with intimate relationships, psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality
and Individual Differences, 48, 228-233. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Empathy deficits and trait emotional
intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and Individual
Differences, 47, 758-762. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Al-Khatib, A., & D'Auria, S. (2003). The roles of opportunism and Machiavellianism in an
ethical segmentation scheme of the Arab-Gulf consumer. American Marketing
Association. Conference Proceedings. (correlations not reported)
Allan, F. (2009). The relationship between empathy subcomponents, emotional intelligence,
Machiavellianism and emotional perception. Unpublished manuscript. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Allen, H. E. (1976). Sociopathy: An experiment in internal environmental control. American
Behavioral Scientist, 20, 215-226. (not empirical)
Allen, J. J. (1996). An analysis of the relationship between higher education and complaints
initiated against police officers. Unpublished master's thesis, Michigan State University.
(DT measure not used)
Allen, R. S., & White, C. S. (2002). Equity sensitivity theory: A test of responses to two types of
under-reward situations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 14, 435-451. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Allen, R. S., Biderman, M., & White, C. S. (2004). Emotional intelligence and its relation to
equity sensitivity and responses to under-reward situations. Journal of Behavioral and
Applied Management, 5, 114-136. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Allen, T. H. (1990). An investigation of Machiavellianism and imagined interaction.
Communication Research Reports, 7, 116-120. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Allen, T. H., & Honeycutt, J. M. (1997). Planning, imagined interaction, and the nonverbal
display of anxiety. Communication Research, 24, 64-82. (DT measure not used)
Allison, D. A. (1991). The relationship between gender, ethnicity, age, and personality traits
among police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of
Professional Psychology. (DT measure not used)
Allsopp, J., Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. (1991). Machiavellianism as a component in
psychoticism and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 29-41.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Al-Rafee, S., & Cronan, T. P. (2006). Digital piracy: Factors that influence attitude toward
behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 237-259. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Alterman, A. I., McDermott, P. A., Cacciola, J. S., Ruterford, M. J., Boardman, C. R., McKay, J.
R., et al. (1998). A typology of antisociality in methadone patients. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 107, 412-422. (excluded population)
Álvarez, M. P., García-Montes, J. M., Cangas, A. J., & Sass, L. A. (2009). The role of
superstition in psychopathology. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 15, 227-237.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.
Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440-450. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Ames, M., & Kidd, A. H. (1979). Machiavellianism and women's grade point averages.
Psychological Reports, 44, 223-228. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ammeter, A. P., Douglas, C., Gardner, W. L., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2002).
Toward a political theory of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 751-796. (not
empirical)
Andershed, H., Gustafson, S., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2002). The usefulness of self-reported
psychopathy-like traits in the study of antisocial behavior among non-referred
adolescents. European Journal of Personality, 16, 383-402. (excluded population)
Anderson, C. P., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). Who attains social status?
Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 81, 116-132. (DT measure not used)
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models
to obtain unidimensional construct measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19,
453-460. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Anderson, R. T. (1996). Anxiety or ignorance: The determinants of interpersonal skill display.
(Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University). ProQuest Dissertation, AAT
9706447. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation
framework. Human Relations, 49, 1395-1418. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Andersson, L. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and
effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469. (not empirical)
Andrea, R. K. (1979). A study of Machiavellianism and leader effectiveness in elementary
schools. (Doctoral Dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo). ProQuest
Dissertations, AAT 7918758. (repeat sample)
Andreou, E. (2004). Bully/victim problems and their association with Machiavellianism and
self‐efficacy in Greek primary school children. British Journal of Educational
Psychology, 74, 297-309. (excluded population)
Andrew, J., Cooke, M., & Muncer, S. (2008). The relationship between empathy and
Machiavellianism: An alternative to empathizing-systemizing theory. Personality and
Individual Differences, 44, 1203-1211. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ang, R. P., & Raine, A. (2009). Reliability, validity and invariance of the narcissistic personality
questionnaire for children-revised (NPQC-R). Journal of Psychopathology and
Behavioral Assessment, 31, 143-151. (excluded population)
Ang, R. P., & Yusof, N. (2006). Development and initial validation of the narcissistic personality
questionnaire for children: A preliminary investigation using school‐based asian samples.
Educational Psychology, 26, 1-18. (excluded population)
Ang, S. H., & Leong, S. M. (2000). Out of the mouths of babes: business ethics and youths in
Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 28, 129-144. (excluded population)
Ang, S. H., & Williams, J. D. (2004). Ethics, Machiavellianism, and social values: Implications
for advertising. Diversity in Advertising: Broadening the scope of research directions,
409-420. (not empirical)
Angell, E. F. (1988). Differential effects of social skills training for two levels of
Machiavellianism. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 175-176. (excluded
population)
Ansell, E. B. (2005). The structure of narcissistic personality: Adaptive and maladaptive
dimensions as an integrated model of narcissism. (Doctoral Dissertation, The
Pennsylvania State University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 329490. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ansevics, N. L., & Doweiko, H. E. (1991). Serial murderers: Early proposed developmental
model and typology. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 9, 107-122. (excluded
population)
Antes, A. L., Brown, R. P., Murphy, S. T., Waples, E. P., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., et al.
(2007). Personality and ethical decision-making in research: The role of perceptions of
self and others. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 2, 15-34.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Appelbaum, S. H. (1998). Ingratiation as a political tactic: Effects within the organization.
Management Decision, 36, 85-95. (not empirical)
Appelbaum, S. H., Deguire, K. J., & Lay, M. (2005). The relationship of ethical climate to
deviant workplace behaviour. Corporate Governance, 5, 43-55. (DT measure not used)
Aquino, K. (1998). The effects of ethical climate and the availability of alternatives on the use of
deception during negotiation. International Journal of Conflict Management, 9, 195-217.
(DT measure not used)
Arble, E. P. (2008). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the hypersensitive narcissism
scale: Implications for the distinction of covert and overt narcissism. Masters Theses and
Doctoral Dissertations, 236. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Aritzeta, A., Ayestaran, S., & Swailes, S. (2005). Team role preference and conflict management
styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 16, 157-182. (DT measure not
used)
Armstrong, R. W. (1996). The relationship between culture and perception of ethical problems in
international marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1199-1208. (correlations not
reported)
Aronson, E. (2009). Integrating leadership styles and ethical perspectives. 18, 244-256. (not
empirical)
Aronson, H., & Gilbert, A. (1963). Preadolescent sons of male alcoholics: An experimental study
of personality patterning. Archives of General Psychiatry, 8, 235-241. (excluded
population)
Arvey, R. D., Landon, T. E., Nutting, S. M., & Maxwell, S. E. (1992). Development of physical
ability tests for police officers: A construct validation approach. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 77(6), 996-1009. (DT measure not used)
Aryee, S., Deborah, Y. A., & Chay, Y. W. (1993). An investigation of ingratiation as a career
management strategy: Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of Human
Resource Management, 4, 191-212. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ashford, S. J., Rothbard, N. P., Piderit, S. K., & Dutton, J. E. (1998). Out on a limb: The role of
context and impression management in selling gender-equity issues. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 43, 23-57. (DT measure not used)
Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47, 755-778. (not
empirical)
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2001). A theoretical basis for the major dimensions of personality.
European Journal of Personality, 15, 327-353. (DT measure not used)
Ashton, M. C., Jackson, D. N., Helmes, E., & Paunonen, S. V. (1998). Joint factor analysis of the
personality research form and the Jackson Personality Inventory: Comparisons with the
Big Five. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 243-250. (correlations not reported)
Aspray, & Cohoon, J. M. (2008). Positive illusions, motivations, management style, stereotypes,
stress, and psychological traits. Entrepreneurial Report Series. (DT measure not used)
Assadi, S. M., Nakhaei, M. R., Najafi, F., & Fazel, S. (2007). Mental health in three generations
of Iranian medical students and doctors. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,
42, 57-60. (DT measure not used)
Assandri, M. F. (1986). The Machiavellian moral philosopher: An analysis of juvenile delinquent
behavior in the light of Machiavellianism, Kohlberg's moral reasoning and Cattell's
personality traits. (Doctoral Dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology).
ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 8618124. (excluded population)
Atlas, G. D., & Them, M. A. (2008). Narcissism and sensitivity to criticism: A preliminary
investigation. Current Psychology, 27, 62-76. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Au, A. K. M., & Tse, A. C. B. (2008). Marketing ethics and behavioral predisposition of Chinese
managers of SMEs in Hong Kong. Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 272-278.
(not empirical)
Auerbach, J. S. (1984). Validation of two scales for narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 48, 649-653. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Auger, P., Burke, P., Devinney, T. M., & Louviere, J. J. (2003). What will consumers pay for
social product features? Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 281-304. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Auger, P., Devinney, T. M., & Louviere, J. J. (2007). Using best-worst scaling methodology to
investigate consumer ethical beliefs across countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 299326. (DT measure not used)
Austin, E. J., Farrelly, D., Black, C., & Moore, H. (2007). Emotional intelligence,
Machiavellianism and emotional manipulation: Does EI have a dark side? Personality
and Individual Differences, 43, 179-189. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Axinn, C. N., Blair, M. E., Heorhiadi, A., & Thach, S. V. (2004). Comparing ethical ideologies
across cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 103-119. (not empirical)
Aycan, Z., & Kanungo, R. N. (August, 1998). Paternalism: Towards conceptual refinement and
operationalization. Paper presented at 14th International Congress of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, Bellingham, Washington. (DT measure not used)
Ayduk, O., Gyurak, A., & Luerssen, A. (2008). Individual differences in the rejection-aggression
link in the hot sauce paradigm: The case of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 44, 775-782. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Azen, S. P., Snibbe, H. M., & Montgomery, H. R. (1973). A longitudinal predictive study of
success and performance of law enforcement officers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57,
190-192. (DT measure not used)
Azen, S. P., Snibbe, H. M., Montgomery, H. R., Fabricatore, J., & Earle, H. (1974). A
longitudinal predictive study of success and performance of law enforcement officers.
American Journal of Community Psychology, 1, 79-86. (DT measure not used)
Aziz, A. (2003). Machiavellianism and sales performance of automobile salespersons. In R.
Roth, L. Ludwig & D. R. Trent (Eds.), Catching the future: Women and men in global
psychology (pp. 63-70). Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers. (not empirical)
Aziz, A. (2007). An exploratory study of Machiavellianism and self-perceived performance of
accountants. International Journal of Management Practice, 2, 250-254. (self reported
performance)
Aziz, A., & Meeks, J. (1990). A new scale for measuring Machiavellianism. (Unpublished paper,
School of Business and Economics, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC). (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Aziz, A., & Moose. (1997). Machiavellianism and sales performance among real-estate
professionals. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Social Values,
Oxford, University, UK. (repeat sample)
Bacal-Trumbull, R. M. (1977). Locus of control and attitudes toward power and control among
adolescents with a history of significant behavior problems. (Doctoral Dissertation,
United States International University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 7909504.
(excluded population)
Back, M. D., Schmukle, S. C., & Egloff, B. (2008). How extraverted is honey. bunny77@
hotmail. de? Inferring personality from e-mail addresses. Journal of Research in
Personality, 42, 1116-1122. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Baehr, M. E., Furcon, J. E., & Froemel, E. C. (1968). Psychological assessment of patrolman
qualifications in relation to field performance. Washington, D.C.: Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration. (DT measure not used)
Baehr, M. E., Saunders, D. R., Froemel, E. C., & Furcon, J. E. (1971). The prediction of
performance for Black and White police patrolmen. Professional Psychology, Winter, 4657. (repeat sample)
Bagley, A. D., Abramowitz, C. S., & Kosson, D. S. (2009). Vocal affect recognition and
psychopathy: Converging findings across traditional and cluster analytic approaches to
assessing the construct. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 388-398. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Baird, S. A. (2001). The links between primary and secondary psychopathy and social
adaptation. Colgate University Journal of the Sciences, 34, 61-82. (not empirical)
Baker, C. F. (1974). Predicting police officer effectiveness. Unpublished master's thesis,
Southern Methodist University. (repeat sample)
Bakir, B., Özer, M., & Ucar, M. (2005). Reliability of the Turkish version of Mach IV scale:
results obtained from two previously published studies. Psychological Reports, 96, 889890. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bakir, B., Ozer, M., Uçar, M., Güleç, M., Demir, C., & Hasde, M. (2003). Relation between
Machiavellianism and job satisfaction in a sample of Turkish physicians. Psychological
Reports, 92, 1169-1175. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bakir, B., Yilmaz, U. R., & Yavas, I. (1996). Relating depressive symptoms to Machiavellianism
in a Turkish sample. Psychological Reports, 78, 1011-1014. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Balch, D. E. (1977). Personality trait differences between successful and non-successful police
recruits at a typical police academy and veteran police officers. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, United States International University. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Balogun, M. J. (2003). Causative and enabling factors in public integrity: A focus on leadership,
institutions and character formation. Public Integrity, 5. (not empirical)
Bamberg, E. (1998). Micropolitics: The daily use of power in organizations. Personnel
Psychology, 51, 783-786. (not empirical)
Band, S. R., & Manuele, C. A. (1987). Stress and police officer performance: An examination of
effective coping behavior. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 3, 30-42.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Banks, D. E. (1988). The relationship of personality styles to police job performance.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology.
(correlations not reported)
Baratta, C. R. (1998). The relationship between education and police work performance.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Baltimore. (DT measure not used)
Barbas, C. (1992). A Study to Predict the Performance of Cadets in a Police Academy Using a
Modified CLOZE Reading Test, a Civil Service Aptitude Test, and Educational Level.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University. (DT measure not used)
Barber, N. (1994). Machiavellianism and altruism: Effect of relatedness of target person on
Machiavellian and helping attitudes. Psychological Reports, 75, 403-422. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Barber, N. (1998). Sex differences in disposition towards kin, security of adult attachment, and
sociosexuality as a function of parental divorce. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 125132. (excluded population)
Barbuto, J. E., & Moss, J. A. (2006). Dispositional effects in intra-organizational influence
tactics: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 12,
30-48. (meta-analysis references searched)
Barker, B. (2001). Do leaders matter? Educational Review, 53, 65-76. (not empirical)
Barlow, A., Qualter, P., & Stylianou, M. (2010). Relationships between Machiavellianism,
emotional intelligence and theory of mind in children. Personality and Individual
Differences, 48, 78-82. (excluded population)
Barnett, K. L., Duvall, N. S., Edwards, K. J., & Lewis, H. M. E. (2005). Psychological and
spiritual predictors of domains of functioning Journal of Psychology and Theology, 33,
27-40. (DT measure not used)
Barnett, M. A., & Thompson, S. (1985). The role of perspective taking and empathy in children's
Machiavellianism, prosocial behavior, and motive for helping. The Journal of Genetic
Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development, 146, 295-305. (excluded
population)
Barnett, S. A. (1988). Biology and freedom: An essay on the implications of human ethology:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (DT measure not used)
Barnett, T., Bass, K., & Brown, G. (1994). Ethical ideology and ethical judgment regarding
ethical issues in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 13, 469-480. (DT measure not
used)
Barnett, T., Bass, K., & Brown, G. (1996). Religiosity, ethical ideology, and intentions to report
a peer's wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1161-1174. (DT measure not used)
Barnett, T., Bass, K., Brown, G., & Hebert, F. J. (1998). Ethical ideology and the ethical
judgments of marketing professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 715-723. (DT
measure not used)
Barnhart Miller, A. (2008). Motivated stereotyping of women: Sources of justification for
derogating female therapists. Unpublished Ph.D., Bowling Green State University,
United States -- Ohio. (not empirical)
Baron, R. A. (1986). Self-presentation in job interviews: When there can be 'too much of a good
thing. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 16-28. (DT measure not used)
Barrick, M. R., Patton, G. K., & Haugland, S. N. (2000). Accuracy of interviewer judgments of
job applicant personality traits. Personnel Psychology, 53, 925-951. (DT measure not
used)
Barry, C. T., & Wallace, M. T. (2010). Current considerations in the assessment of youth
narcissism: Indicators of pathological and normative development. Journal of
Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 479-489. (excluded population)
Barry, C. T., Chaplin, W. F., & Grafeman, S. J. (2006). Aggression following performance
feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard.
Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 177-187. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Barry, C. T., Frick, P. J., & Killian, A. L. (2003). The relation of narcissism and self esteem to
conduct problems in children: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Clinical Child and
Adolescent Psychology, 32, 139-152. (excluded population)
Barry, C. T., Frick, P. J., Adler, K. K., & Grafeman, S. J. (2007). The predictive utility of
narcissism among children and adolescents: Evidence for a distinction between Adaptive
and maladaptive narcissism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 508-521.
(excluded population)
Barry, C. T., Grafeman, S. J., Adler, K. K., & Pickard, J. D. (2007). The relations among
narcissism, self esteem , and delinquency in a sample of at-risk adolescents. Journal of
Adolescence, 30, 933-942. (excluded population)
Bartolucci, A. D., Zeichner, A., & Miller, J. D. (2009). Alcohol consumption and perceived
sexual coercion: Effects of gender and personality determinants. Substance Use &
Misuse, 44, 1399-1414. (clinical population)
Bartram, T., & Casimir, G. (2007). The relationship between leadership and follower in-role
performance and satisfaction with the leader: The mediating effects of empowerment and
trust in the leader. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28, 4-19. (DT
measure not used)
Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial
applications (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Free Press. (not empirical)
Bass, K. E. (1991). Proposed relationships of selected factors to ethical judgments and ethical
behavioral intentions. (Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana Tech University). ProQuest
Dissertation, AAT 9216156. (DT measure not used)
Bass, K., & Tomkiewicz, J. (2002). Belief in a just world and ethical judments in business.
International Journal of Management, 19, 171-177. (DT measure not used)
Bass, K., Barnett, T., & Brown, G. (1998). The moral philosophy of sales managers and its
influence on ethical decision making. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,
XVIII, 1-17. (DT measure not used)
Bass, K., Barnett, T., & Brown, G. (1999). Individual difference variables, ethical judgments,
and ethical behavioral intentions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9, 183-205. (DT measure
not used)
Batory, S. S., Neese, W., & Batory, A. H. (2005). Ethical marketing practices: An investigation
of antecedents, innovativeness and business performance. Journal of American Academy
of Business, 6, 135-142. (DT measure not used)
Bayram, N., Gursakal, N., & Bilgel, N. (2009). Counterproductive work behavior among whitecollar employees: A study from Turkey. International Journal of Selection and
Assessment, 17, 180-188. (DT measure not used)
Baysinger, M. A. (2008). Personality, conflict, and group outcomes: The case of antisocial
personality traits. (Doctoral Dissertation, Purdue University). ProQuest Dissertations,
AAT 1469626. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Baytalskaya, N. (2008). The effects of Machiavellianism, perspective taking, and emotional
intelligence components on negotiation strategies and outcomes. Unpublished Master’s
Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Beard, A. J. (2001). Boyhood gender nonconformity. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy,
4, 81-97. (excluded population)
Beasley, R., & Stoltenberg, C. D. (1992). Personality characteristics of male spouse abusers.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 310-317. (excluded population)
Becker, J. A. H., & O'Hair, H. D. (2007). Machiavellians' motives in organizational citizenship
behavior. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 25, 246-267. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Becker, K. (2008). A construct validity study of two measures of narcissism. (Doctoral
Dissertation, Alliant International University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3321606.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bedell, K., Hunter, S., Angie, A., & Vert, A. (2006). A historiometric examination of
Machiavellianism and a new taxonomy of leadership. Journal of Leadership and
Organizational Studies, 12, 50-72. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Beer, A., & Watson, D. Asymmetry in judgments of personality: Others are less differentiated
than the self. Journal of Personality, 76, 535-559. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Belausteguigoitia, I., Patlan, J., & Navarrete, M. (2007). Organizational climate as antecedent of
commitment, effort, and entrepreneurial orientation in mexican family and non-family
firms. Technical report. (DT measure not used)
Bell, N. J., McGhee, P. E., & Duffey, N. S. (1986). Interpersonal competence, social
assertiveness and the development of humour. British Journal of Developmental
Psychology, 4, 51-55. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bellamy, A. R., & Bellamy, A. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence and transformational
leadership: Recursive leadership processes within the context of employee work attitudes.
Paper presented at the Midwest Academy of Management. (DT measure not used)
Bengio, O. (2000). How does Saddam hold on? Foreign Affairs, 79, 101-102. (not empirical)
Benner, A. W. (1991). The changing cop: A longitudinal study of psychological testing within
law enforcement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Saybrook Institute (now called the
Saybrook Graduate School in San Francisco). (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Bennett, R. R. (1978). The effects of education on police values and performance: A multivariate
analysis of an explanatory model. In Wellford, Charles (Ed) Quantitative Studies in
Criminology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. (DT measure not used)
Bennett, R., & Stamper, C. L. (2002). Corporate citizenship and deviancy: A study of
discretionary work behavior. Strategies and Organizations in Transition, 3, 269–290.
(DT measure not used)
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Blonigen, D. M., Hicks, B. M., & Iacono, W. G. (2005).
Estimating facets of psychopathy from normal personality traits: A step toward
community epidemiological investigations. Assessment, 12, 3-18. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Salekin, R. T., & Leistico, A. M. R. (2005). Convergent and
discriminant validity of psychopathy factors assessed via self-report. Assessment, 12,
270-285. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ben-Yoseph, A. (2001). Overt and covert forms of narcissism in relation to ego defense styles
and neuroticism. (Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania). ProQuest
Dissertation, AAT 3014896. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Berant, E., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Mothers' attachment style, their mental
health, and their children's emotional vulnerabilities: A 7-year study of children with
congenital heart disease. Journal of Personality, 76, 31-65. (excluded population)
Berardino, S. D., Meloy, J. R., Sherman, M., & Jacobs, D. (2005). Validation of the
psychopathic personality inventory on a female inmate sample. Behavioral Sciences &
the Law, 23, 819-836. (excluded population)
Bereczkei, T., Birkas, B., & Kerekes, Z. (2007). Public charity offer as a proximate factor of
evolved reputation-building strategy: An experimental analysis of a real-life situation.
Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 277-284. (lab experiment)
Beretvas, S. N., Meyers, J. L., & Leite, W. L. (2002). A reliability generalization study of the
Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement,
62, 570-589. (DT measure not used)
Berger, L. S. (1973). Use of power, Machiavellianism, and involvement in a simulated industrial
setting. (Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University). Proquest Dissertation, AAT
7318675. (DT measure not used)
Berger, R. E. (1977). Machiavellianism and detecting deception in facial nonverbal
communication. Towson State University Journal of Psychology, 1, 25-31. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Bernstein, H. (1975). Machiavellians' responsiveness to self-enhancing and altruistic appeals.
(Doctoral Dissertation, Yeshiva University). ProQuest Dissertation, AAT 7604558.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bernstein, I. H., Schoenfeld, L. S., & Costello, R. M. (1982). Truncated component regression,
multicollinearity and the MMPI's use in a police officer selection setting. Multivariate
Behavioral Research, 17, 99-116. (DT measure not used)
Berry, C. M., Ones, D. S., & Sackett, P. R. (2007). Interpersonal deviance, organizational
deviance, and their common correlates: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 92, 410-424. (meta-analysis, references searched)
Bertram, F. D. (1975). The prediction of police academy performance and on-the-job
performance from police recruit screening measures. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
Marquette University. (DT measure not used)
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2009). Emotional responses to a romantic partner's imaginary rejection:
The roles of attachment anxiety, covert narcissism, and Self‐Evaluation. Journal of
Personality, 77, 287-325. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010). Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism in threatening
situations: Emotional reactions to achievement failure and interpersonal rejection.
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 874-902. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Beu, D. (2001). Accountability as it influences ethical behavior. (Doctoral Dissertation, The
University of Oklahoma). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 9994076. (not empirical)
Beu, D., & Buckley, M. R. (2001). The hypothesized relationship between accountability and
ethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 34, 57-73. (not empirical)
Beu, D., & Buckley, M. R. (2004). Using accountability to create a more ethical climate. Human
Resource Management Review, 14, 67-83. (not empirical)
Beutler, L.E., Nussbaum, P. D., & Meredith, K. E. (1988). Changing personality patterns of
police officers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(5), 503-507.
Bhatnagar, J. (2006). Measuring organizational learning capability in Indian managers and
establishing firm performance linkage: An empirical analysis. The Learning
Organization, 13, 416-433. (DT measure not used)
Bibby, P. A. (2008). Dispositional factors in the use of social networking sites: Findings and
implications for social computing research. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5075,
392-400. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bierhoff, H. W., & Bierhoff-Alfremann, D. (1973). Personality characteristics and the prediction
of social behavior. Archiv für Psychologie, 125, 50-72. (DT measure not used)
Biggs, D. R. (1999). Adaptive sociopathy and entrepreneurs. (Doctoral Dissertation, California
School of Professional Psychology-Fresno). ProQuest Dissertation, AAT 9951563. (DT
measure not used)
Bing, M. N. (1999). Hypercompetitiveness in academia: Achieving criterion-related validity
from item context specificity Journal of Personality Assessment, 73, 80-99. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Bing, M. N., & Burroughs, S. M. (2001). The predictive and interactive effects of equity
sensitivity in teamwork-oriented organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22,
271-290. (DT measure not used)
Biscardi, D. L. (1984). The relationships between a measure of narcissistic traits and defensive
style, Machiavellianism, and empathy. (Doctoral Dissertation, Southern Illinois
University at Carbondale). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 8414000. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Biscardi, D. L., & Schill, T. (1985). Correlations of narcissistic traits with defenisive style,
Machiavellianism, and empathy. Psychological Reports, 57, 354. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Bishopp, D., & Hare, R. D. (2008). A multidimensional scaling analysis of the Hare PCL-R:
Unfolding the structure of psychopathy. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 14, 117-132.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Black, C. E. (1969). Cost, acquaintanceship, audience, and legitimacy in relation to norms of
altruism. (Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT
7005437. (DT measure not used)
Black, J. (2000). Personality testing and police selection: Utility of the “Big Five.” New Zealand
Journal ofPsychology, 29(1), 2-9. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Blair, C. A., Hoffman, B. J., & Helland, K. R. (2008). Narcissism in organizations: A
multisource appraisal reflects different perspectives. Human Performance, 21, 254-276.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Blake, J., Soldevila, P., & Wraith, P. (2003). The dimensions of, and factors giving rise to,
variations in national management accounting approaches. European Business Review,
15, 181-188. (DT measure not used)
Blau, T. H., Super, J. T., & Brady, L. (1993). The MMPI good cop/bad cop profile in identifying
dysfunctional law enforcement personnel. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,
9(1), 2-4. (DT measure not used)
Bleske-Rechek, A., Remiker, M. W., & Baker, J. P. (2008). Narcissistic men and women think
they are so hot--But they are not. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 420-424.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Blickle, G. (2006). Do work values predict the use of intraorganizational influence strategies?
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 196-205. (DT measure not used)
Blickle, G., Scheleger, A., Fassbender, P., & Klein, U. (2006). Some personality correlates of
business white-collar crime. Applied Psychology, 55, 220-233. (DT measure not used)
Block, J. R., Yuker, H. E., Campbell, W. J., & Melvin, K. B. (1964). Some correlates of job
satisfaction among disabled workers. Journal of Counseling & Development, 42, 803810. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Blonigen, D. M., Hicks, B. M., Krueger, R. F., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005).
Psychopathic personality traits: Heritability and genetic overlap with internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 35, 637-648. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Bloom, R. W. (1980). Comment on 'The authoritarian as measured by a personality scale: A
solid citizen or misfit. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 918-920. (not empirical)
Bloom, R. W. (1984). Comment on 'Measuring Machiavellianism with Mach V: A psychometric
investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 26-27. (not empirical)
Blumstein, P. W. (1969). The redress of distributive injustice. American Journal of Sociology,
74, 408-418. (DT measure not used)
Blumstein, P. W. (1973). Audience, Machiavellianism, and tactics of identity bargaining.
Sociometry, 36, 346-365. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bochner, A. P., & Bochner, B. (1972). A multivariate investigation of Machiavellianism and task
structure in four‐man groups. Communications Monographs, 39, 277-285. (correlations
not reported)
Bochner, A. P., di Salvo, V., & Jonas, T. (1975). A computer-assisted analysis of small group
process: An investigation of two Machiavellian groups. Small Group Research, 6, 187203. (correlations not reported)
Boddy, C. R. (2006). The dark side of management decisions: Organisational psychopaths.
Management Decision, 44, 1461-1475. (not empirical)
Bodey, K., & Grace, D. (2006). Segmenting service “complainers” and “non-complainers” on
the basis of consumer characteristics. Journal of Services Marketing, 20, 178-187.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bodey, K., & Grace, D. (2007). Contrasting "complainers" with "non-complainers" on attitude
toward complaining, propensity to complain, and key personality characteristics: A
nomological look. Psychology and Marketing, 24, 579-594. (repeat sample)
Boehm, N. C., Honey, R., & Kohls, J. (1983). Predicting success in academy training: The POST
reading and writing test battery. Police Chief, 50(10), 28-31. (DT measure not used)
Bogart, K. (1968). Machiavellianism and individual differences in response to cognitive
dissonance. (Doctoral Dissertation, New York University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT
6813108. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bogart, K. (1971). Machiavellianism and individual differences in response to cognitive
inconsistency. The Journal of Social Psychology, 85, 111-119. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Bogart, K., & Scoles, P. (1971). Endorsement of Machiavellian attitudes and mental health
status. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 315-317. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G., & Pavlovic, J. D. (2004). Feeling superior but threatened: The
relation of narcissism to social comparison. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 3544. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bogg, T. (2008). Conscientiousness, the transtheoretical model of change, and exercise: A neosocioanalytic integration of trait and social-cognitive frameworks in the prediction of
behavior. Journal of Personality, 76, 775-802. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (2003). More than one way to make an impression: Exploring
profiles of impression management. Journal of Management, 37, 141-160. (not
empirical)
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., & Niehoff, B. P. (2004). The other side of the story:
Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human
Resource Management Review, 14, 229-246. (not empirical)
Bond, M. H., & Smith, P. B. (1996). Cross-cultural social and organizational psychology. Annual
Review of Psychology, 47, 205-235. (not empirical)
Bonham, T. W., Harvey, K., & Groves, D. L. (1976). Leadership orientation among future
managers. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 3, 22-27. (DT measure not used)
Bonime, W. (1982a). The paranoid and the depressive: Dynamic correlations. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 18, 556-574. (excluded population)
Bonime, W. (1982b). Psychotherapy of the depressed patient. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 18,
173-189. (excluded population)
Bonsu, S. K., & Zwick, D. (2007). Exploring consumer ethics in Ghana, West Africa.
International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31, 648-655. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Boon, B. (2002). Impact of industrialisation on acculturation of managers in the global
marketplace. Singapore Management Review, 24, 1-25. (not empirical)
Boone, R. A. (1975). An evaluation of structured procedures for training education majors in the
expression of feeling-cause relations. (Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University).
ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 7522520. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Booth, P. J. (1988). Strategic therapy revisited. In J. K. Zeig & S. R. Lankton (Eds.), Developing
Ericksonian therapy: State of the art (pp. 39-58). Philadelphia, PA: Brunner. (not
empirical)
Borum, R. (1991) The MMPI and IPI as predictors of suitability of law enforcement applicants.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida Institute of Technology. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Bosacki, S., Dane, A., & Zopito, M. (2007). Peer relationships and internalizing problems in
adolescents: Mediating role of self esteem . Emotional & Behavioral Difficulties, 12,
261-282. (excluded population)
Bosson, J. K., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Jordan, C. H., & Kernis, M. H.
(2008). Untangling the links between narcissism and self‐esteem: A theoretical and
empirical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1415-1439.
(references searched)
Bostrom, M. D. (2003). The impact of higher education on police officer work habits.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hamline University. (DT measure not used)
Bottorf, D. L. (1997). How ethics can improve business success? Quality Progress Milwoukee,
30, 57-60. (not empirical)
Bowen, D. N. (1984). Personality and demographic characteristics of road deputies and
correctional officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida Institute of Technology.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bowler, M. (2006). Organizational goals versus the dominant coalison: A critical view of the
value of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Behavioral and Applied
Management, 1, 258-273. (not empirical)
Bowles, S., Gintis, H., & Osborne, M. (2001a). The determinants of earnings: A behavioral
approach. Journal of Economic Literature, XXXIX, 1137-1176. (DT measure not used)
Bowles, S., Gintis, H., & Osborne, M. (2001b). Incentive-enhancing preferences: Personality,
behavior, and earnings. The American Economic Review, 91, 155-158. (DT measure not
used)
Boyce, T. N. (1988). Psychological screening for high-risk police specialization. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University. (DT measure not used)
Boyd, H. C., & Helms, J. E. (2005). Consumer entitlement theory and measurement. Psychology
and Marketing, 22, 271-286. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bozza, C. M. (1990). Improving the prediction of police officer performance from screening
information. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States International University.
(correlations not reported)
Bradford, A. C. (1991). Psychological screening for narcotics officers and detectives.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Miami University of Ohio. (DT measure not used)
Bradlee, P. M., & Emmons, R. A. (1991). Locating narcissism within the interpersonal
circumplex and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 821830. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bradley, M. T., & Klohn, K. I. (1987). Machiavellianism, the Control Question Test and the
detection of deception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 747-757. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Brady, T. (1986). Management by objectives and Machiavellianism: A comparison of the
theoretical constructs. (Doctoral Dissertation, Saint Louis University). ProQuest
Dissertation, AAT 8628758. (not empirical)
Braginsky, D. D. (1970). Machiavellianism and manipulative interpersonal behavior in children.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 77-99. (excluded population)
Braginsky, D. D. (1970a). Machiavellianism and manipulative interpersonal behavior in
children. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 77-99. (excluded population)
Braginsky, D. D. (1970b). Parent-child correlates of Machiavellianism and manipulative
behavior. Psychological Reports, 27, 927-932. (excluded population)
Brass, D. J., Butterfield, K. D., & Skaggs, B. C. (1998). Relationships and unethical behavior: A
social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 23, 14-31. (not empirical)
Bratton, V. K. (2004). Affective morality: The role of emotions in the ethical decision-making
process. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Florida State University). ProQuest Dissertation,
AAT 3156058. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Braudel, F. (1960). History and the social sciences: The long duration. American Behavioral
Scientist, 3, 3-13. (not empirical)
Braun, J. S., & Daigle, G. (1973). Machiavellianism and reputation for manipulativeness in
adolescent inpatients. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American
Psychological Association, 381-382. (excluded population)
Brewer, E. W., & Shapard, L. (2004). Employee burnout: A meta-analysis of the relationship
between age or years of experience. Human Resource Development Review, 3, 102-123.
(references searched)
Brewster, J. (1996). Hypervigilance and cynicism in police officers. Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 10(4), 7-9. (DT measure not used)
Brewster, J., & Stoloff, M. (2003). Relationship between IQ and first-year performance as a
police officer. Applied H.R.M. Research, 8(1), 49-50. (DT measure not used)
Brewster, J., & Stoloff, M. L. (1999). Using the good cop/bad cop profile with the MMPI-2.
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 14(2), 29-34. (DT measure not used)
Brinkley, C. A., & Newman, J. P. (2006). Two approaches to parsing the heterogeneity of
psychopathy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 69-94. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Brinkley, C. A., Schmitt, W. A., Smith, S. S., & Newman, J. P. (2001). Construct validation of a
self-report psychopathy scale: does Levenson's self-report psychopathy scale measure the
same constructs as Hare's psychopathy checklist-revised? Personality and Individual
Differences, 31, 1021-1038. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Brinkmann, J. (2004). Looking at consumer behavior in a moral perspective. Journal of Business
Ethics, 51, 129-141. (not empirical)
Brislin, R. W. (1983). Cross-cultural in psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 34, 363-400.
(not empirical)
Brislin, R. W., Worthley, R., & Macnab, B. (2006). Cultural intelligence: Understanding
behaviors that serve people's goals. Group & Organization Management, 31, 40-55. (not
empirical)
Britt, T. W., & Garrity, M. J. (2006). Attributions and personality as predictors of the road rage
response. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 127-147. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Bromley, M. (1996). Evaluating the use of the assessment center process for entry-level police
officer selection in a medium sized police agency. Journal of Police and Criminal
Psychology, 10(4), 33-40. (DT measure not used)
Brooks, J. H., & Reddon, J. R. (2003). The two dimensional nature of remorse: An empirical
inquiry into internal and external aspects. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 38, 1-15.
(excluded population)
Brown, E. C., & Guy, R. F. (1983). The effects of sex and Machiavellianism of self-disclosure
patterns. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 11, 93-96. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Brown, G. V. (1996). Acceptable vs. marginal police officers' psychological ratings: A
longitudinal comparison of job performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida
International University. (DT measure not used)
Brown, R. P., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2004). Narcissism and the non-equivalence of self esteem
measures: A matter of dominance? 1. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 585-592.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Brown, R. P., Budzek, K., & Tamborski, M. (2009). On the meaning and measure of narcissism.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 951-964. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Browne, B. A., & Kaldenberg, D. O. (1997). Conceptualizing self-monitoring: links to
materialism and product involvement. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14, 31-44.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bruk-Lee, V., Khoury, H. A., Nixon, A. E., Goh, A., & Spector, P. E. (2009). Replicating and
extending past personality/Job satisfaction meta-analyses. Human Performance, 22, 156189. (references searched)
Brüne, M. (2000). Social cognition and psychopathology in an evolutionary perspective.
Psychopathology, 34, 85-94. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Brune, M., Ribbert, H., & Schienfenhovel, W. (2003). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and
theory of mind. In L. Mealey & S. Kinner (Eds.), The Social Brain: Evolution and
Pathology (pp. 355-372). (not empirical)
Brunell, A. B., Gentry, W. A., Campbell, W. K., Hoffman, B. J., Kuhnert, K. W., & DeMarree,
K. G. (2008). Leader emergence: The case of the narcissistic leader. Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1663-1676. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and
future directions. Entrepreneurship, Theory, and Practice, 16, 5-30. (DT measure not
used)
Bryant, W. P. (1977). Machiavellianism, perspective-taking, and partner's response as
predictors of interpersonal behavior measured by a modified prisoner's dilemma game.
(Doctoral Dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT
7807062. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Buchanan, D. A. (2008). You stab my back, I'll stab yours: Management experience and
perceptions of organization political behavior. British Journal of Management, 19, 49-64.
(DT measure not used)
Buckingham, D. (1998). Media education in the UK: Moving beyond protectionism. Journal of
Communication, 48, 33-43. (not empirical)
Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30,
29-50. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303-1314. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Buffington-Vollum, J., Edens, J. F., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, J. K. (2002). Psychopathy as a
predictor of institutional misbehavior among sex offenders. Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 29, 497. (excluded population)
Burch, G. S. J., & Anderson, N. (2008). Personality as a predictor of work-related behavior and
performance: Recent advances and directions for future research. In G. P. Hodgkinson &
J. K. Ford (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol.
23, pp. 261-305). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. (not empirical)
Burgoon, M., Lombardi, D., Burch, S., & Shellby, J. (1979). Machiavellianism and type of
persuasive message as predictors of attitude change. Journal of Psychology, 10, 123-127.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Burgoon, M., Miller, G. R., & Tubbs, S. L. (1972). Machiavellianism, justification, and attitude
change following counterattitudinal advocacy. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 22, 366-371. (correlations not reported)
Burnett, J. J., Hunt, S. D., & Chonko, L. B. (1986). Machiavellianism across sexes: An
examination of marketing professionals. Psychological Reports, 59, 991-994. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Burton, B. K., & Hegarty, W. H. (1999). Some determinants of student corporate social
responsibility orientation. Business Society, 38, 188-205. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Burwell, W. R. (1983). Police brutality, authoritarianism, and locus of control. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology. (DT measure not used)
Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self esteem , and
direct displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 219-229. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., Thomaes, S., Ryu, E., Begeer, S., & West, S. G. (2009).
Looking again, and harder, for a link between low self esteem and aggression. Journal of
Personality, 77, 427-446. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., van Dijk, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Narcissism, sexual
refusal, and aggression: Testing a narcissistic reactance model of sexual coercion.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1027-1040. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Buss, D. A. (2006). Conflict in married couples: Personality predictors of anger and upset.
Journal of Personality, 59, 663-688. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Buss, D. M., & Chiodo, L. M. (1991). Narcissistic acts in everyday life. Journal of Personality,
59, 179-215. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Buttolph, S. E. (1999). Effect of college education on police behavior: Analysis of complaints
and commendations. Unpublished master’s thesis, East Tennessee State University. (DT
measure not used)
Byrne, R. (1997). The technical intelligence hypothesis: an additional evolutionary stimulus to
intelligence? In A. Whiten & R. Byrne (Eds.), Machiavellian Intelligence I (pp. 289-311).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (not empirical)
Byrne, R., & Whiten, A. (1988). Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution
of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (not
empirical)
Cabral-Cardoso, C. (2004). Ethical misconduct in the business school: A case of plagiarism that
turned bitter. Journal of Business Ethics, 49, 75-89. (not empirical)
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic
description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality
psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 638-656.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Caird, S. P. (1983). What do psychological tests suggest about entrepreneurs? Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 8, 11-20. (not empirical)
Caldwell, M., Skeem, J., Salekin, R., & Van Rybroek, G. (2006). Treatment response of
adolescent offenders with psychopathy features. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 571.
(excluded population)
Caldwell-Andrews, A. A. (2000). Relationships between MMPI-2 validity scales and NEO PI-R
experimental validity scales in police candidates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Kentucky. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cale, E. M. (2006). A quantitative review of the relations between the “Big 3” higher order
personality dimensions and antisocial behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 40,
250-284. (DT measure not used)
Cale, E. M., & Lilienfield, S. O. (2006). Psychopathy factors and risk for aggressive behavior: A
test of the "threatened egotism" hypothesis. Law and Human Behavior, 30, 51-74.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Calhoun, G. B., Glaser, B. A., Stefurak, T., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2000). Preliminary validation of
the narcissistic personality Inventory–Juvenile offender. International Journal of
Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44, 564. (excluded population)
Callanan, G. A. (2004). What would Machiavelli think? An overview of the leadership
challenges in team based structures. Team Performance Management, 10, 77-83. (not
empirical)
Calvete, E., & Corral, S. (2000). Machiavellianism: Dimensionality of the Mach IV and its
relation to self-monitoring in a spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 3, 313. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Campa, E. E. (1993). The relationship of reading comprehension and educational achievement
levels to academy and field training performance of police cadets. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Texas A&M University. (DT measure not used)
Campbell, A. S. (1971). Machiavellianism, Bargaining Experience and Bargaining Advantage:
A Study of a Conversational Game, (lab experiment)
Campbell, J. S., & Elison, J. (2005). Shame coping styles and psychopathic personality traits.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, 96-104. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Campbell, W. K. (1999). Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 77, 1254-1270. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Campbell, W. K. (2002). Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment
model analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 484-495. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004).
Psychological entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report
measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83, 29-45. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Campbell, W. K., Bosson, J. K., Goheen, T. W., Lakey, C. E., & Kernis, M. H. (2007). Do
narcissists dislike themselves "deep down inside"? Psychological Science, 18, 227-229.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Campbell, W. K., Bush, C. P., Brunell, A. B., & Shelton, J. (2005). Understanding the social
costs of narcissism: the case of the tragedy of the commons. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1358-1368. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Campbell, W. K., Foster, C. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2002). Does self-love lead to love for others? A
story of narcissistic game playing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83,
340-354. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Campbell, W. K., Goodie, A. S., & Foster, J. D. (2004). Narcissism, confidence, and risk
attitude. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 17, 297-311. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Caraway, S. J. (1998). Sexual coercion: Factors associated with women's reported experience of
verbal coercion. (Doctoral Dissertation, The University of North Dakota). ProQuest
Dissertation, AAT 9807685. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Carbado, D. W., & Gulati, M. (2009). Race to the top of the corporate ladder: What minorities do
when they get there. Research in Law and Economics, 24, 237-270. (not empirical)
Carpenter, B. N., & Raza, S. M. (1987). Personality characteristics of police applicants:
Comparisons across subgroups and with other populations. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 15(1), 10-17. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Carpenter, R. H. (1990). The statistical profile of language behavior with Machiavellian intent or
while experiencing caution and avoiding self-incrimination. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, 606, 5-17. (DT measure not used)
Carr, D. L. (2008). Relationships among overt and covert narcissism and voational interests with
respect to gender. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Florida State University). ProQuest
Dissertation, AAT 3353617. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Carrigan, M., & Attalla, A. (2001). The myth of the ethical consumer – do ethics matter in
purchase behaviour? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18, 560-578. (not empirical)
Carrigan, M., Marinova, S., & Szmigin, I. (2005). Ethics and international marketing: Research
background and challenges. International Marketing Review, 22, 481-493. (not
empirical)
Carser, D. L. (1989). The effect of healthy narcissism on leadership style and staff satisfaction.
(Doctoral Dissertation, Boston College). ProQuest Dissertation, AAT 8922240. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Carter, B. L. (1980). Machiavellianism and verbal behavior: A discourse analysis of
conversational arguments. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh). ProQuest
Dissertations, AAT 8112584. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Caruana, A., & Carey, C. (1997). The attitude towards advertising by medical practitioners and
the general public: Some evidence from Malta. Management Research News, 20, 39-47.
(not empirical)
Carver, C. S. (2009). Threat sensitivity, incentive sensitivity, and the experience of relief.
Journal of Personality, 77, 125-138. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cascio, W.F. (1977). Formal education and police officer performance. Journal of Police
Science and Administration, 5(1), 89-96. (DT measure not used)
Cascio, W.F., & Valenzi, E. R. (1978). Relations among criteria of police performance. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 63(1), 22-28. (DT measure not used)
Cauthen, D. (1987). Urban police applicant MMPI score differences due to employment
classification and gender. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cave, S. B., & Westfried, E. (2001). Do scores on pre-employment psychological evaluations
correlate with final academy scores? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the
Society for Police and Criminal Psychology, Austin, Texas. (DT measure not used)
Cave, S. B., & Westfried, E. (2002). Linkage between pre-employment evaluations, academy
performance, and first year job performance ratings with a state police agency. Paper
presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology,
Orlando, FL. (repeat sample)
Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation
of the empirical link in export market ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58, 1-21. (DT
measure not used)
Cervone, D., Caldwell, T. L., Fiori, M., Orom, H., Shadel, W. G., Kassel, J. D., et al. (2008).
What underlies appraisals? Experimentally testing a knowledge-and-appraisal model of
personality architecture among smokers contemplating high-risk situations. Journal of
Personality, 76, 929-968. (lab experiment)
Chabrol, H., Leeuwen, N. V., Rodgers, R., & Séjourné, N. (2009). Contributions of
psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile
delinquency. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 734-739. (excluded
population)
Chamberlain, J. M., & Haaga, D. A. F. (2001). Unconditional self-acceptance and psychologial
health. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 19, 163-176.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Chambers, L. (2005). A hazard analysis of human factors in safety-critical systems engineering.
Safety Critical Systems, 162, 27-41. (not empirical)
Champion, D. H. (1994). A Study of the Relationship Between Critical Thinking Levels and Job
Performance of Police Officers in a Medium Size Police Department in North Carolina.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University. (DT measure not
used)
Chan, A., Wong, S., & Leung, P. (1998). Ethical beliefs of Chinese consumers in Hong Kong.
Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 1163-1170. (DT measure not used)
Chan, S. Y. S., & Leung, P. (2006). The effects of accounting students' ethical reasoning and
personal factors on their ethical sensitivity. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21, 436-457.
(DT measure not used)
Chan, W., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2008). Status-based rejection sensitivity among Asian
Americans: Implications for psychological distress. Journal of Personality, 76, 13171346. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Chance, M. R. A., & Mead, A. P. (1988). Social behaviour and primate evolution. In R. Byrne &
A. Whiten (Eds.), Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of
intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans (pp. 34-49). New York, NY: Oxford University
Press. (not empirical)
Chapman, B. P. (2007). Bandwidth and fidelity on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory: Replicability
and reliability of Saucier's (1998) item cluster subcomponents. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 88, 220-234. (DT measure not used)
Charlesworth, W. R. (1982). The ontogeny of political behavior. American Behavioral Scientist,
25, 273-293. (not empirical)
Chatman, A. D. (2001). Personality style of Chicago police officers: A “big five” study.
Unpublished master’s thesis, Roosevelt University (Chicago, IL). (DT measure not
used)
Cheliotis, L. K. (2006). How iron is the iron cage of new penology? The role of human agency in
the implementation of criminal justice policy. Punishment and Society, 8, 313-340. (not
empirical)
Chemers, M. M. (1991). Problems and potentials in multidisciplinary analysis. American
Psychological Association, 36, 754-755. (not empirical)
Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Xie, W., Gao, J., & Zhang, X. (2010). Study on correlation of significant
level for characteristics of narcissistic personality with mental health in undergraduate
students. Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Cheng, W. J. Y. (2004). Overt and covert narcissism in Asian Americans, European Americans,
and Asians. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan). ProQuest Dissertations,
AAT 3138128. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cherry, J. (2006). The impact of normative influence and locus of control on ethical judgments
and intentions: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 113-132.
(DT measure not used)
Cherry, J., Lee, M., & Chien, C. S. (2003). A cross-cultural application of a theoretical model of
business ethics: Bridging the gap between theory and data. Journal of Business Ethics,
44, 359-376. (DT measure not used)
Cherulnik, P. D., Way, J. H., Ames, S., & Hutto, D. B. (1981). Impressions of high and low
Machiavellian men. Journal of Personality, 49, 388-400. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Chonko, L. B. (1982a). Are purchasing agents Machiavellian? Journal of Purchasing and
Materials Management, 18, 15-20. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Chonko, L. B. (1982b). Machiavellianism: Sex differences in the profession of purchasing
management. Psychological Reports, 51, 645-646. (repeat sample)
Chonko, L. B. (1983). Job involvement as obsession-compulsion: Some preliminary empirical
findings. Psychological Reports, 53, 1191-1197. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Chonko, L. B., & Hunt, S. D. (2000). Ethics and marketing management: A retrospective and
prospective commentary. Journal of Business Research, 50, 235-244. (not empirical)
Chonko, L. B., Tanner, J. F., & Weeks, W. A. (1996). Ethics in salesperson decision making: A
synthesis of research approaches and an extension of the scenario method. Journal of
Personal Selling & Sales Management, 16, 35-53. (not empirical)
Chowning, K., & Campbell, N. J. (2009). Development and validation of a measure of academic
entitlement: Individual differences in students' externalized responsibility and entitled
expectations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 982-997. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Christiansen, N., Villanova, P., & Mikulay, S. (1999). Political influence compatibility: Fitting
the person to the climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 709-730. (DT
measure not used)
Christoffersen, D., & Stamp, C. (1995). Examining the relationship between Machiavellianism
and paranoia. Psychological Reports, 76, 67-70. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Chuang, S.-C., & Lin, H.-M. (2007). The effect of induced positive and negative emotion and
openness-to-feeling in student's consumer decision making. Journal of Business and
Psychology, 22, 65-78. (DT measure not used)
Church, A. H., Waclawski, J., & Burke, W. W. (1996). OD practitioners as facilitators of change:
An analysis of survey results. Group & Organization Management, 21, 22-66. (DT
measure not used)
Chusmir, L. H., & Koberg, C. S. (2006). Religion and attitudes toward work: A new look at an
old question. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, 251-262. (DT measure not used)
Cimbura, J. A. (1999). An exploration of stress in police officers: A study of the predictive value
of preemployment psychological measures in the development of stress reactions in a
sample of Ontario police officers. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Toronto.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cisek, S. Z., Hart, C. M., & Sedikides, C. (2008). Do narcissists use material possessions as a
primary buffer against pain? Psychological Inquiry, 19, 205-207. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Claes, M.-T. (2008). Women, men, and management styles. International Labour Review, 138,
431-446. (not empirical)
Clarke, M. (1999). Management development: A new role in social change? Management
Decision, 37, 767-777. (DT measure not used)
Clausen, J. D. (1973). Machiavellianism: Perceived parental behavior of three types of
manipulative personalities. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Catholic University of America).
ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 7403499. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Clements, C., & Washbush, J. B. (1999). The two faces of leadership: Considering the dark side
of leader-follower dynamics. Journal of Workplace Learning, 11, 170-176. (DT measure
not used)
Cloetta, B. (1983). Der fragebogen zur erfassung von machiavellismus und konservatismus MK.
Schweizerische Zeitschrift Für Psychologie Und Ihre Anwendungen/Revue Suisse De
Psychologie Pure Et Appliquée. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Clopton, W. (1971). Comparison of ratings and field performance data in validating predictions
of patrolman performance: A five-year follow-up study. Unpublished master's thesis,
University of Cincinnati. (DT measure not used)
Cobb, A. T. (1986). Political diagnosis: Application in organizational development. Academy of
Management Review, 11, 482-496. (not empirical)
Cohen, B., & Chaiken, J. M. (1973). Police Background Characteristics and Performance.
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. (DT measure not used)
Cole, D. L. (1972). Machiavellianism and political behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 87,
159-160. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Colegrove, S.B. (1983). Personality and demographic characteristics as predictors of burnout in
female police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of
Professional Psychology, Berkeley. (DT measure not used)
Collins, D. (2000). The quest to improve the human condition: The first 1500 articles published
in Journal of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 26, 1-73. (not empirical)
Collins, J. M., & Griffin, R. W. (1998). The psychology of counterproductive job performance.
In R. W. Griffin, A. O'Leary-Kelly & J. M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional behavior in
organizations: Non-violent dysfunctional behavior (Vol. 23, pp. 219-242): Monographs
on Organizational Behavior and Relations. (not empirical)
Collins, J., Prue, L. K., Leahy-Gross, K. M., & Fuglestad, S. L. (1998). Mammographic
technologist job satisfaction: What radiologists need to know-results of a large national
survey. Radiology, 207, 473-480. (not empirical)
Comer, J. M. (1985). Machiavellianism and inner vs outer directedness: A study of sales
managers. Psychological Reports, 56, 81-82. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Connelly, B. S., Lilienfield, S. O., & Schmeelk, K. M. (2006). Integrity tests and morality:
Associations with ego development, moral reasoning, and psychopathic personality.
International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 14, 82-86. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Cooke, D. J., & Christine, M. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopath: Towards a
hierarchical model. Psychological Assessment, 13, 171-188. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Cooper, C., Kline, P., & May, J. (1986). The measurement of authoritarianism, psychoticism and
other traits by objective tests: A cross-validation. Personality and Individual Differences,
7, 15-21. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cooper, H. M. (1979). Pygmalion grows up: A model for teacher expectation communication
and performance influence. Review of Educational Research, 49, 389-410. (DT measure
not used)
Cooper, S., & Peterson, C. (1980). Machiavellianism and spontaneous cheating in competition.
Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 70-75. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Cope, J. R. (1981). Personality characteristics of successful vesus unsuccessful police officers.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida Institute of Technology. (DT measure not
used)
Copley, W. H. (1987). Using education, academy, and field training scores to predict success in
a Colorado police department. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Colorado State
University. (DT measure not used)
Corey D.M. (1988). The psychological suitability of police officer candidates. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, The Fielding Institute. (DT measure not used)
Cornelis, I., Van Hiel, A., Roets, A., & Kossowska, M. (2009). Age differences in conservatisim:
Evidence on the mediating effects of personality and cognitive style. Journal of
personality, 77, 51-88. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Corral, S., & Calvete, E. (2000). Machiavellianism: Dimensionality of the Mach IV and its
relation to self-monitoring in a Spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 3, 313. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Corry, N., Merritt, R. D., Mrug, S., & Pamp, B. (2008). The factor structure of the Narcissistic
Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 593-600. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Cortina, J. M., Doherty, M. L, Schmitt, N., Kaufman, G., & Smith, R. G. (1992). The "Big Five"
personality factors in the IPI and MMPI: Predictors of police performance. Personnel
Psychology, 45, 119-140. (DT measure not used)
Cortina, J. M., Doherty, M. L, Schmitt, N., Kaufman, G., & Smith, R. G. (1991). Validation of
the IPI and MMPI as predictors of police performance. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology. (DT measure not used)
Corzine, J. B. (1997). Machiavellianism and management: A review of single-nation studies
exclusive of the USA and cross-national studies. Psychological Reports, 80, 291-304.
(not empirical)
Corzine, J. B., & Hozier, G. C. (2005). Exploratory study of Machiavellianism and bases of
social power in bankers. Psychological Reports, 97, 356-362. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Corzine, J. B., Buntzman, G. F., & Busch, E. T. (1999). Machiavellianism in US bankers.
International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 7, 72-83. (repeat sample)
Corzine, J. B., Buntzman, G., & Busch, E. T. (1988). Machiavellianism and careers at plateau.
Psychological Reports, 63, 243-246. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Costa, J. A., & Bamossy, G. J. (1995). Marketing in a multicultural world: Ethnicity,
nationalism, and cultural identity: Sage Thousand Oaks, California. (not empirical)
Costa, P. T., Stone, S. V., McCrae, R. R., Dembroski, T. M., & Williams, R. B. (1987). Hostility,
agreeableness-antagonism, and coronary heart disease. Personality, 2, 161-167. (DT
measure not used)
Costello, R. M., & Schneider, S. L. (1996). Validation of a preemployment MMPI index
correlated with disciplinary suspension days of police officers. Psychology, Crime &
Law, 2, 299-306. (DT measure not used)
Costello, R. M., & Schoenfeld, L. S. (1981). Time-related effects on MMPI profiles of police
academy recruits. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 518-522. (DT measure not
used)
Costello, R. M., Schneider, S. L. & Schoenfeld, L. S. (1993). Applicants' fraud in law
enforcement. Psychological Reports, 73(1), 179-183. (DT measure not used)
Costello, R. M., Schneider, S. L., Schoenfeld, L. S., & Kobos, J. (1982). Police applicant
screening: An analogue study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(1), 216-221. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Cotterell, N., Eisenberger, R., & Speicher, H. (1992). Inhibiting effects of reciprocation warienss
on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 658668. (DT measure not used)
Cottle, H. D., & Ford, G. G. (2000). The effects of tenure on police officer personality. Journal
of Police and Criminal Psychology, 15(1), 1-9. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Cowan, G. (1969). The Machiavellian: Manipulator of failure in self-presentation? Proceedings
of the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. 357-358. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Cowan, L. B. (1991). MMPI performance related to length of service for public safety
employees. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Cramer, P. (1998). Freshman to senior year: A follow-up study of identity, narcissism, and
defense mechanisms 1, 2. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 156-172. (excluded
population)
Cramer, P. (2010). Young adult narcissism: A 20 year longitudinal study of the contribution of
parenting styles, preschool precursors of narcissism, and denial. Journal of Research in
Personality, 45, 19-28. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cramer, P., & Jones, C. J. (2008). Narcissism, identification, and longitudinal change in
psychological health: Dynamic predictions. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 11481159. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Cramer, P., & Williams, C. (1998). Freshman to senior year: A follow-up study of identity,
narcissism, and defense mechanisms. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 156-172.
(excluded population)
Crede, M., Chernyshenko, O. S., Stark, S., Dalal, R. S., & Bashshur, M. (2007). Job satisfaction
as mediator: An assessment of job satisfaction's position within the nomological network.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 515-538. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal
relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 95, 555-575. (DT measure not used)
Crown, D. F., & Spiller, M. S. (1998). Learning from the literature on collegiate cheating: A
review of empirical research. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 683-700. (not empirical)
Cruise, K. R., Colwell, L. H., Lyons Jr, P. M., & Baker, M. D. (2003). Prototypical analysis of
adolescent psychopathy: Investigating the juvenile justice perspective. Behavioral
Sciences & the Law, 21, 829-846. (excluded population)
Culley, J. A. (1987). Height standards and policing: Rationale or rationalization? Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, SUNY - Albany. (DT measure not used)
Curtis, S. (2003). Lies, damned lies and organisational politics. Industrial and Commercial
Training, 35, 293-297. (not empirical)
Cyriac, K., & Dharmaraj, R. (1994). Machiavellianism in Indian management. Journal of
Business Ethics, 13, 281-286. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Czech, K. (2007). Communication and leadership: Faculty perceptions of the department chair.
(Doctoral Dissertation, University San Diego). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3266730.
(DT measure not used)
Daboub, A. J., Rasheed, A. M. A., Priem, R. L., & Gray, D. A. (1995). Top management team
characteristics and corporate illegal activity. Academy of Management Review, 20, 138170. (not empirical)
Daig, I., Burkert, S., Fischer, H., Kienast, T., Klapp, B., & Fliege, H. (2010). Development and
factorial validation of a short version of the narcissism inventory (NI-20).
Psychopathology, 43, 150-158. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Dailey, J. D. (2002). An investigation of police officer background and performance: An
analytical study of the effect of age, time in service, prior military service, and
educational level on commendations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Sam Houston
State University. (DT measure not used)
Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship
behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 12411255. (references examined)
Damm, F., Ehrlich, T., Langner, I., Ortel, D., Schildberger, M., Schlegel, K., et al. (2003).
Selbstkonzeptkomponenten und motivationale Aktivierung als Determinanten für
Aggressionsbereitschaft. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Daniel, E. D. (1980). The effect of a college degree on police employee attendance. Unpublished
educational specialist thesis, Central Missouri State University. (repeat sample)
Daniel, E. D. (1982). The effect of a college degree on police absenteeism. The Police Chief,
49(9), 70-71. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Dantzker, M. L., & Freeberg, D. (2003). An exploratory examination of pre-employment
psychological testing of police officer candidates with a Hispanic surname. Journal of
Police and Criminal Psychology, 18(1), 38-44. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Darr, W., & Johns, G. (2004). Political decision-making climates: Theoretical processes and
multi-level antecedents. Human Relations, 57, 169-200. (DT measure not used)
Das, T. K. (2005). How strong are the ethical preferences of senior business executives? Journal
of Business Ethics, 56, 69-80. (DT measure not used)
Davidson, N. B. (1975). The predictive validity of a police officer selection program.
Unpublished master’s thesis, Portland State University. (DT measure not used)
Davies, M. R. (2005). Prediction of transformational leadership by personality constructs for
senior Australian organizational executive leaders. (Doctoral Dissertation, Griffith
University). (DT measure not used)
Davis, C., Claridge, G., & Brewer, H. (1996). The two faces of narcissism: Personality dynamics
of body esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 153-166. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Davis, C., Claridge, G., & Cerullo, D. (1997). Personality factors and weight preoccupation: A
continuum approach to the association between eating disorders and personality
disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 31, 467-480. (excluded population)
Davis, C., Dionne, M., & Shuster, B. (2001). Physical and psychological correlates of
appearance orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 21-30. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Davis, C., Karvinen, K., & McCreary, D. R. (2005). Personality correlates of a drive for
muscularity in young men. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 349-359.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Davis, M. A., Andersen, M. G., & Curtis, M. B. (2001). Measuring ethical ideology in business
ethics: A critical analysis of the ethics position questionnaire. Journal of Business Ethics,
32, 35-53. (DT measure not used)
Davis, R. D., & Rostow, C. D. (2003). Relationship between cognitive ability and background
variables and disciplinary problems in law enforcement. Applied H.R.M. Research, 8(2),
77-80. (DT measure not used)
Davis, R. D., Rostow, C. D., Pinkston, J. B., & Cowick, L. M. (1999). An investigation into the
usefulness of the MMPI and MMPI-2 in municipal and state police candidate selection.
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 14(1), 100-106. (correlations not reported)
Dawson, P. (2003). Understanding organizational change: The contemporary experience of
people at work: Sage Publications Ltd. (not empirical)
Day, H. R. (1972). Interrelationships of Machiavellianism, social desirability, self-evaluation,
and self-potency in American and Filipino samples: With a Philippines replication.
Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Vol
7(Pt. 1), 1972, 305-306. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Dayan, K., Kasten, R., & Fox, S. (2002). Entry-level police candidate assessment center: An
efficient tool or a hammer to kill a fly? Personnel Psychology, 55(4), 827-849. (DT
measure not used)
de Bruyn, E. H., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2006). Heterogeneity of girls' consensual popularity:
Academic and interpersonal behavioral profiles. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35,
412-422. (excluded population)
De Stobbeleir, K. A self-determination model of feedback-seeking behavior in organizations.
Working paper. (not empirical)
De Vries, M. F. R., & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations
perspective. Human Relations, 38, 583. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
De Vries, R. E., Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2008). The Dutch HEXACO Personality Inventory:
Psychometric properties, self-other agreement, and relations with psychopathy among
low and high acquaintance dyads. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 142-151.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
De Waal, F. (2007). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes Johns Hopkins Univ Pr.
(excluded population)
De Zavala, A. G. (2010). Collective narcissism and anti-semitism in Poland: Mediating role of
siege beliefs and the conspiracy stereotype of Jews. Political Psychology. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Dean, D. (1974). The relationship between Eysenckian personality variables and ratings of job
performance and promotion potential of a group of police officers. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Ball State University. (DT measure not used)
Decker, L. K., & Huckabee, R. G. (2002). Raising the age and education requirements for police
officers: Will too many women and minority candidates be excluded? Policing: An
International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(4), 789-802. (DT measure
not used)
DeConinck, J. B., & Good, D. J. (1989). Perceptual differences of sales practitioners and
students concerning ethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 8, 667-676. (DT
measure not used)
Decuyper, M., De Pauw, S., De Fruyt, F., De Bolle, M., & De Clercq, B. J. (2009). A metaanalysis of psychopathy-, antisocial PD- and FFM associations. European Journal of
Personality, 23, 531-565. (also searched the full reference list)
Del Castillo, V. (1984). Education and the police: A study of the relationship between higher
education and police officer performance. Unpublished master’s thesis, John Jay College.
(DT measure not used)
Del Rosario, P. M., & White, R. M. (2005). The narcissistic personality inventory: Test-retest
stability and internal consistency. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1075-1081.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Delia, J. G. (1976). The interpersonal constructs of Machiavellians. British Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology, 15, 435-436. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Deluga, R. J. (1997). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership,
narcissism, and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 8, 49-65. (DT measure
not used)
Deluga, R. J. (2001). American presidential Machiavellianism: Implications for charismatic
leadership and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 339-363. (DT measure
not used)
Deluga, R. J. (2003). Kissing up to the boss: What it is and what to do about it. Applied
Psychology Journal Articles, 14-18. (not empirical)
Deluga, R. J., & Perry, J. T. (1994). The role of subordinate performance and ingratiation in
leader-member exchanges. Group & Organization Management, 19, 67-86. (DT
measure not used)
Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., & Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical
review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The Leadership
Quarterly, 16, 625-653. (not empirical)
DePaulo, B. M., Zuckerman, M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). Human as lie detectors. The Journal of
Communication, 30, 129-139. (DT measure not used)
Derefinko, K. J. (2006). Convergence and divergence among self-report psychopathy measures:
A personality-based approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 261. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Derefinko, K. J., & Lynam, D. R. (2006). Convergence and divergence among self-report
psychopathy measures: A personality-based approach. Journal of Personality Disorders,
20, 261-280. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Deshpande, S. P. (1997). Managers' perception of proper ethical conduct: The effect of sex, age,
and level of education. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 79-85. (DT measure not used)
Deshpande, S. P., Joseph, J., & Prasad, R. (2006). Factors impacting ethical behavior in
hospitals. Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 207-216. (DT measure not used)
Detrick, P. (2008). Positive response distortion by police officer applicants: Association of
Paulhus deception scales with MMPI-2 and Inwald Personality Inventory validity scales.
Assessment, 15, 87-96. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Detrick, P., Chibnall, J. T., & Rosso, M. (2001). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
in police officer selection: Normative data and relation to the Inwald Personality
Inventory, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(5), 484-490. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Devitt, J. (1997). Framing politicians: The transformation of candidate arguments in presidential
campaign news coverage, 1980, 1988, 1992, and 1996. American Behavioral Scientist,
40, 1139-1160. (not empirical)
DeWall, C. N. (2007). If I can't feel your pain, then I inflict pain on you: Emotional insensitivity
as a mechanism underlying aggressive responses to rejection. (Doctoral Dissertation, The
Florida State University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3282598. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
DeYoung, D. J. (2009). A comparison of college students with narcissistic versus avoidant
personality features on forgiveness and vengeance measures. (Doctoral Dissertation,
Purdue University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 1469836. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Deysach, R. E., Keller, H. R., Ross, A. W., & Hiers, T. G. (1975). Social decentering and locus
of control in children. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 90, 229-235.
(excluded population)
Dibb, G. S. (1978) A cross-validated comparison of models for the prediction of academy
performance and job tenure of police officer recruits. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu. (DT measure not used)
Dickinson, K. A., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable
narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 188-207. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Diehl, A. K., Kumar, V., Gateley, A., Appleby, J. L., & O'Keefe, M. E. (2006). Predictors of
final specialty choice by internal medicine residents. J Gen Intern Med, 21, 1045-1049.
(excluded population)
Dien, D. S. (1971). Developmental aspect of Machiavellianism: A cross-cultural study. (Doctoral
Dissertation, Columbia University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 7201297. (excluded
population)
Dien, D. S. (1974). Parental Machiavellianism and children's cheating in Japan. Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 259-270. (excluded population)
Dien, D. S., & Fujisawa, H. (1979). Machiavellianism in Japan: A longitudinal study. Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology, 10, 508-516. (excluded population)
Dillard, J. P., Hale, J. L., & Segrin, C. (1994). Close relationships in task environments.
Management Communication Quarterly, 7, 227-255. (DT measure not used)
DiMarco, N. J., & Wilhelm, P. (1973). Relationship between self-actualization and manipulation.
Psychological Reports, 33, 633-634. (DT measure not used)
Dineen, B. R., Lewicki, R. J., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2006). Supervisory guidance and behavioral
integrity: Relationships with employee citizenship and deviant behavior. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 91, 622-635. (DT measure not used)
Dingler-Duhon, M., & Brown, B. B. (1987). Self-disclosure as an influence strategy: Effects of
Machiavellianism androgyny, and sex. Behavioral Science, 16, 109-123. (correlations
not reported)
Doerner, W. G. (1997). The utility of the oral interview board in selecting police academy
admissions. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management,
20(4), 777-785. (DT measure not used)
Dolan, K. S. (1989). Interpersonal Effectiveness of Police Officers: A Comparison of the
California Psychological Inventory and the Behavioral Police Assessment Device.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology Berkeley. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Dolezal, S. C. (1992). Police discretion in traffic law enforcement. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (Palo Alto, CA). (DT measure not
used)
Dollinger, S. J. (1987). The Machiavellianism personality. In V. P. Makosky, L. G. Whittemore
& A. M. Rogers (Eds.), Activities handbook for teaching of psychology (pp. 164-165).
Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. (not empirical)
Domelsmith, D. E., & Dietch, J. T. (1978). Sex differences in the relationship between
Machiavellianism and self-disclosure. Psychological Reports, 42, 715-721. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Donnellan, M. B., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2005). Low self esteem is related to aggression,
antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Reports, 16, 328-335. (DT measure
not used)
Donnellan, M. B., Conger, R. D., & Burzette, B. G. (2005). Criterion-related validity, self-other
agreement, and longitudinal analyses for the Iowa personality questionnaire: A short
alternative to the MPQ. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 458-485. (DT measure
not used)
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2009). An emerging epidemic of
narcissism or much ado about nothing? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 498-501.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Donnelly, D. P., Quirin, J. J., & O'Bryan, D. (2003). Auditor acceptance of dysfunctional audit
behavior: An explanatory model using auditors' personal characteristics. Behavioral
Research in Accounting, 15, 87. (DT measure not used)
Dorner, K. R. (1991). Personality characteristics and demographic variables as predictors of job
performance in female traffic officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States
International University. (DT measure not used)
Dorsey, R. R. (1994). Higher education for police officers: An analysis of the relationships
among higher education, belief systems, job performance, and cultural awareness.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi. (DT measure not used)
Douglas, C., & Ammeter, A. P. (2004). An examination of leader political skill and its effect on
ratings of leader effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 537-550. (DT measure not
used)
Douglas, C., Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of the
relationship between conscientiousness and performance. Journal of Leadership and
Organizational Studies, 10, 2-13. (DT measure not used)
Downs, C. W., & Driskill, G. (1990). A reivew of instrumentation on stress. (not empirical)
Drake, D. S. (1995). Assessing Machiavellianism and morality-conscience guilt. Psychological
Reports, 77, 1355-1359. (not empirical)
Dralle, P. W., & Baybrook, R. M. (1985). Screening of police applicants: A replication of a 5item MMPI research index validity study. Psychological Reports, 57,1031-1034. (DT
measure not used)
Dreher, B. (2003). Machiavellian philosophy and Alzheimer's. American journal of Alzheimer's
disease and other dementias, 18, 197-198. (not empirical)
Drennan, L. T. (2004). Ethics, governance and risk management: Lessons from mirror group
newspaper and barings bank. Journal of Business Ethics, 52, 257-266. (DT measure not
used)
Dreznick, M. T., Cronin, J. M., Waterman, C. K., & Glasheen, C. (2003). Saying yes when
meaning no: An investigation of gender and individual differences in token seduction.
Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 15, 69-84. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Drory, A., & Gluskinos, U. M. (1980). Machiavellianism and leadership. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 65, 81-86. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Drory, A., & Zaidman, N. (2007). Impression management behavior: Effects of the
organizational system. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 290-308. (DT measure
not used)
Droussiotis, A. (2004). The profile of high performing employees in cyprus. The Journal of
Business in Developing Nations, 8. (DT measure not used)
Druckerman, D. (1971). The influence of the situation in interparty conflict. Journal of Conflict
Resolution, 15, 523-554. (not empirical)
Drumm. (2000). Identifying the ethical climate of the city of markham fire department (Report
N. 21929) Emmitsburg, MD: National Fire Academy. (DT measure not used)
Du, L., & Tang, T. (2005). Measurement invariance across gender and major: The love of money
among university students in People's Republic of Chinga. Journal of Business Ethics,
59, 281-293. (DT measure not used)
DuBois, P. H., & Watson, R. I. (1950). A longitudinal predictive study of success and
performance of law enforcement officers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 34(1), 90-95.
(DT measure not used)
DuBrin, A. J. (1989). Sex differences in endorsement of influence tactics and political behavior
tendencies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 4, 3-14. (DT measure not used)
Duignan, J. F. (1978). Education's role in the quest for professionalism. The Police Chief, 45(8),
29. (DT measure not used)
Duke, J. D. (1988). Sex differences in self-perceptions among a sample of college students.
Psychological Reports, 62, 993-994. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2005). Assessing leadership styles and organisational context.
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 105-123. (DT measure not used)
DuPont, A. M., & Craig, J. S. (1996). Does management experience change the ethical
perceptions of retail professionals: A comparison of the ethical perceptions of current
students with those of recent graduates? Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 815-826. (DT
measure not used)
Dutton, D. M., Clark, R. A., & Dickins, D. W. (1997). Personality in captive chimpanzees: Use
of a novel rating procedure. International Journal of Primatology, 18, 529-552.
(excluded population)
Dwyer, J. (1997). Unappealing ethnicity meets unwelcoming America: Immigrant selffashioning in Mary Gordon's temporary shelter. MELUS, 22, 103-111. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Chaiken, S. (1978). Causal inferences about communicators and their
effect on opinion change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 424-435.
(DT measure not used)
Eastin, M. S., & LaRose, R. (2000). Internet self-efficacy and the psychology of the digital
divide. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 6. (DT measure not used)
Eastman, K. L., Eastman, J. K., & Eastman, A. D. (1996). The ethics of insurance professionals:
Comparison of personal versus professional ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 951962. (not empirical)
Eaton, J., Struthers, C. W., & Santelli, A. G. (2006). Dispositional and state forgiveness: The role
of self esteem , need for structure, and narcissism. Personality and Individual
Differences, 41, 371-380. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Eaton, N. R., South, S. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). The Cognitive-Affective Processing System
(CAPS) approach to personality and the concept of personality disorder: Integrating
clinical and social-cognitive research. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 208-217.
(DT measure not used)
Egan, V., & Angus, S. (2004). Is social dominance a sex-specific strategy for infidelity?
Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 575-586. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Egan, V., & McCorkindale, C. (2007). Narcissism, vanity, personality and mating effort.
Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 2105-2115. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Ehigie, B. O., & Akpan, R. C. (2005). Psycho-social factors influencing practice of total quality
management in some Nigerian organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20,
355-379. (DT measure not used)
Ehrenberg, M. F., Hunter, M. A., & Elterman, M. F. (1996). Shared parenting agreements after
marital separation: The roles of empathy and narcissism. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, 64, 808. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Elangovan, A. R. (1995). Managerial third-party dispute intervention: A prescriptive model of
strategy selection. Academy of Management Review, 20, 800-830. (not empirical)
Elangovan, A. R. (1998a). Betrayal of trust in organizations. Academy of Management Review,
23, 547-566. (not empirical)
Elangovan, A. R. (1998b). Managerial intervention in organizational disputes: Testing a
prescriptive model of strategy selection. International Journal of Conflict Management,
9, 301-335. (not empirical)
Elenkov, D. S. (1997). Differences and similarities in managerial values between US and
Russian managers: An empirical study. International Studies of Management &
Organization, 27, 85-106. (correlations not reported)
Elenkov, D. S. (1998). Can American management concepts work in Russia? A cross-cultural
comparative study. California Management Review, 40, 133-156. (not empirical)
Elkins, J. G. (1979). An investigation of skill solution in problem solving as related to cross-sex
leadership emergence in seventh grade students coupled with the relationship between
leadership and Machiavellianism. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Carolina).
ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 8002243. (excluded population)
Ellison, K. W. (1986). Development of a comprehensive selection procedure for a medium-sized
police department. In Reese, J. T. & Goldstein, H. A. (Eds). Psychological services for
law enforcement, pp 23-27. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (DT
measure not used)
Elms, A. C. (1986). From house to haig: Private life and public style in American foreign policy
advisors. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 33-53. (not empirical)
Elson, J. E. (1989). Religious orientation, Jungian personality type, and stage of ego
development of the Machiavellian personality. (Doctoral Dissertation, Western Michigan
University). ProQuest Dissertation, AAT 8923549. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Emery, J. W. (1987). Interpersonal characteristics of principals and the organizational climate
of schools. (Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New
Brunswick). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 8626945. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality
Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291-300. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 52, 11-17. (references searched)
Erffmeyer, R. C., Keillor, B. D., & LeClair, D. T. (1990). An empirical investigation of Japanese
consumer ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 35-50. (correlations not reported)
Escudero, I. M. (1998). Applying Keirsey’s temperament types to identify domestic aggressors
among law enforcers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Temple University. (DT
measure not used)
Etheredge, J. M. (1999). The perceived role of ethics and social responsibility: An alternative
scale structure. Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 51-64. (DT measure not used)
Evans, B. J., Coman, G. J., & Stanley, R. O. (1992). The police personality: Type A behavior
and trait anxiety. Journal of Criminal Justice, 20, 429-441. (DT measure not used)
Exline, J. J., & Geyer, A. (2004). Perceptions of humility: A preliminary study Self and Identity,
3, 95-114. (DT measure not used)
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2004). Too
proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 87, 894-912. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Zell, A. L., Kraft, A. J., & Witvliet, C. V. (2008). Not so
innocent: Does seeing one's own capability for wrongdoing predict forgiveness? Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 495-515. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Exline, J. J., Single, P. B., & Lobel, M. (2004). Glowing praise and the envious gaze: Social
Dilemmas surrounding the public recognition of achievement. Basic and Applied Social
Psychology, 26, 119-130. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Eysenck, H. J. (1983). Sir Cyril Burt: Polymath and psychopath. Association of Educational
Psychologists, 6, 57-63. (not empirical)
Eysenck, H. J. (1995). Psychopathology: Type or trait? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 555556. (not empirical)
Fabricatore, J., Azen, S., Schoentgen, S., & Snibbe, H. (1978). Predicting performance of police
officers using the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. American Journal of
Community Psychology, 6(1), 63-69. (DT measure not used)
Fairni, I. J., Stanton, J. H., & Dobbin, L. (2006). A Profile of tomorrow's agribusiness leaders:
The Australian perspective. Argribusiness, 5, 259-268. (DT measure not used)
Falbo, T. (1977). Multidimensional scaling of power strategies. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 35, 537-547. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Falkenbach, D., Poythress, N., Falki, M., & Manchak, S. (2007). Reliability and validity of two
self-report measures of psychopathy. Assessment, 14, 341-350. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Fang, M. L. (2006). Evaluating ethical decision-making of individual employees in
organizations–An integration framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8,
105. (not empirical)
Farberow, N. L., & Williams, J. L. (1983). Indirect self-destructive behavior and the hyperobese.
Psychiatria Fennica, 21-39. (excluded population)
Farmer, S. M. (1993). Strategies in upward influence: Antecedents of upward influence styles
and the impact of attributions for failure. (Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Institute of
Technology). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 9408911. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Farmer, S. M., Maslyn, J. M., Fedor, D. B., & Goodman, J. S. (1997). Putting upward influence
strategies in context. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 17-42. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Fatt, J. P. (1998). Detecting deception through nonverbal cues: Gender differences. Equal
Opportunities, 17, 1-9. (not empirical)
Fedner, M. L. (1975). An examiner's susceptibility to bias as a function of field-dependency and
Machiavellianism. (Doctoral Dissertation, Temple Univerity). ProQuest Dissertations,
AAT 7528214. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Feehan, R. L. (1977). An investigation of police performance utilizing mental ability selection
scores, police academy training scores, and supervisory ratings of the job performance of
patrol officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology. (DT
measure not used)
Fehr, B., Samsom, D., & Paulhus, D. L. (1992). The construct of Machiavellianism: Twenty
years later. In C. D. Spielberger & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in personality
assessment (pp. 77-116). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (also searched the full reference list)
Fehr, B., Samsom, D., & Paulhus, D. Machiavellianism: Twenty years later. in C. D. Spielberger
& J. N. Butcher (eds.), advances in personality assessment (Vo1. 9, pp. 77-116).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (not empirical)
Feldman, D. C., & Klaas, B. S. (1999). The impact of exit questionnaire procedures on departing
employees' self-disclosure. Journal of Managerial Issues, 11, 13-25. (DT measure not
used)
Feldman, D. C., & Weitz, B. A. (1991). From the invisible hand to the gladhand: Understanding
a careerist orientation to work. Human Resource Management, 30, 237-257. (DT
measure not used)
Ferrell, N. K. (1994). Police officers' receptivity to community policing. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, East Texas State University. (DT measure not used)
Ferriday, C., Vartanian, O., & Mandel, D. R. Public but not private ego threat triggers aggression
in narcissists. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 12-18. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ferris, G. R., & King, T. R. (1991). Politics in human resources decisions: A walk on the dark
side. Organizational Dynamics, 20, 59-71. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ferris, G. R., Davidson, S. L., & Perrewe, P. L. (2005a). Political skill at work: Impact on work
effectiveness: Davies-Black Publishing. (not empirical)
Ferris, G. R., Perrewé, P. L., & Douglas, C. (2002). Social effectiveness in organizations:
Construct validity and research directions. Journal of Leadership and Organizational
Studies, 9, 49-63. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ferris, G. R., Zinko, R., Brouer, R. L., Buckley, M. R., & Harvey, M. G. (2007). Strategic
bullying as a supplementary, balanced perspective on destructive leadership. The
Leadership Quarterly, 18, 195-206. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Field, C. A. (2002). The development and validation of the Workplace Ambition Measure.
(Doctoral Dissertation, Adelphi University, The Institute of Advanced Psychological
Studies). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3047480. (DT measure not used)
Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., Sefcek, J. A., Kirsner, B. R., & Jacobs, W. J.
(2005). The K-factor: Individual differences in life history strategy. Personality and
Individual Differences, 39, 1349-1360. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Finkel, E. J., Campbell, W. K., Buffardi, L. E., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. E. (2009). The
metamorphosis of narcissus: Communal activation promotes relationship commitment
among narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1271-1284. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Finnigan, J. C. (1974). A study of the relationship between college education and police
performance in the Baltimore, Maryland Police Department. Unpublished master’s
thesis, Youngstown State University. (repeat sample)
Finnigan, J. C. (1976). A study of relationships between college education and police
performance in Baltimore, Maryland. The Police Chief, 43(8), 60-62. (DT measure not
used)
Firth-Cozens, J., Cording, H., & Ginsburg, R. (2003). Can we select health professionals who
provide safer care. Quality and Safety in health Care, 12, i16-i20. (not empirical)
Fischman, R. (1974). Responsiveness of manipulative and unmanipulative male eleventh graders
to praise and no social reinforcement presented by an adult and a peer experimenter.
ProQuest Information & Learning. (excluded population)
Fisher, C. M., Shirolé, R., & Bhupatkar, A. P. (2001). Ethical stances in Indian management
culture. Personnel Review, 30, 694-711. (DT measure not used)
Fisher, J. L. (1978). An experimental study of the effects of certain personality characteristics on
communication intent and behavior. ProQuest Information & Learning, US. (DT
measure not used)
Fisher, J., Woodbine, G., & Fullerton, S. (2003). A cross cultural assessment of attitudes
regarding perceived breaches of ethical conduct by both parties in the business consumer
dyad. Journal of consumer behaviour, 2, 333-353. (DT measure not used)
Fisher, R. P., Mello, E. W., & McCauley, M. R. (1999). Are jurors' perceptions of eyewitness
credibility affected by the cognitive interview? Psychology, Crime & Law, 5, 167-176.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Fitzgerald, P. R. (1986). The prediction of police performance using the MMPI and CPI.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Saint Louis University. (DT measure not used)
Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2005). Stewart Clegg: Towards a Machiavellian organization theory?
Contemporary organization theory, 53, 95-105. (not empirical)
Fletcher, C. (1992). Ethical issues in the selection interview. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 361367. (DT measure not used)
Flynn, J. T., & Peterson, M. (1972). The use of regression analysis in police patrolman selection.
Journal of Criminal Law, 63(4), 564-569. (DT measure not used)
Flynn, S., Reichard, M., & Slane, S. (1987). Cheating as a function of task outcome and
Machiavellianism. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 121, 423-427.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Fodchuk, K. M. (2007). Work environments that negate counterproductive behaviors and foster
organizational citizenship: Research-based recommendations for managers. The
Psychologist-Manager Journal, 10, 27-46. (not empirical)
Fok, L. Y., Hartman, S. J., & Kwong, K. (2005). A Study of Differences in Business Ethical
Values in Mainland China, the US and Jamaica. Review of Business-Saint Johns
University, 26, 21-26. (DT measure not used)
Foley, L. A. (1976). Personality and situational influences on changes in prejudice: A replication
of Cook's railroad game in a prison setting. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 34, 846-856. (excluded population)
Foley, L. A., & Chamblin, M. H. (1982). The effect of race and personality on mock jurors'
decisions. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 112, 47-51. (lab
experiment)
Fontana, A. F. (1971). Machiavellianism and manipulation in the mental patient role. Journal of
Personality, 39, 252-263. (excluded population)
Foote, D. A., & Harmon, S. (2006). Measuring equity sensitivity. Journal of Managerial
Psychology, 21, 90-108. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ford, C. W., Nonis, S. A., & Hudson, G. I. (2005). A cross-cultural comparison of value systems
and consumer ethics. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12, 36-50.
(DT measure not used)
Ford, J. K., & Kraiger, K. (1993). Police officer selection validation project: The
multijurisdictional police officer examination. Journal of Business and Psychology, 7(4),
421-429. (DT measure not used)
Ford, R. C., & Richardson, W. D. (1994). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical
literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 13, 205-221. (DT measure not used)
Forgas, J. P. (1998). On feeling good and getting your way: Mood effects on negotiator cognition
and bargaining strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 565-577.
(DT measure not used)
Forgas, J. P., & Menyhart, J. (1979). The perception of political leaders: A multidimensional
analysis. Australian Journal of Psychology, 31, 213-223. (DT measure not used)
Forgas, J. P., Brown, L. B., & Menyhart, J. (1980). Dimensions of aggression: The perception of
aggressive episodes. British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 19, 215-227. (DT
measure not used)
Forschner, B. E. (1981). An analysis of the personality characteristics of undergraduate criminal
justice majors and their field counterparts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State
University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Forsyth, D. R. (1992). Judging the morality of business practices: The influence of personal
moral philosophies. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 461-470. (DT measure not used)
Forte, A. (2004). Antecedents of managers moral reasoning. Journal of Business Ethics, 51, 315347. (DT measure not used)
Forte, A. (2005). Locus of control and the moral reasoning of managers. Journal of Business
Ethics, 58, 65-77. (DT measure not used)
Forth, A. E. (2005). Hare psychopathy checklist: Youth version. Mental Health Screening and
Assessment in Juvenile Justice, 324–338. (excluded population)
Forth, A. E., Brown, S. L., Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1996). The assessment of psychopathy in
male and female noncriminals: Reliability and validity. Personality and Individual
Differences, 20, 531-543. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Fortune, S. H. (2003). Inmate and prison gang leadership. (Doctoral Dissertation, East
Tennessee State University). ProQuest Dissertations, AAT 3118983. (excluded
population)
Foster, J. D. (2008). Incorporating personality into the investment model: Probing commitment
processes across individual differences in narcissism. Journal of Social and Personal
Relationships, 25, 211-223. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Foster, J. D., & Trimm, R. F. (2008). On being eager and uninhibited: Narcissism and approach–
avoidance motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1004-1017.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Foster, J. D., Campbell, K.W., & Twenge, J. M. (2003). Individual differences in narcissism:
Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in
Personality, 37, 469-486. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Foster, J. D., Shenesey, J. W., & Goff, J. S. (2009). Why do narcissists take more risks? Testing
the roles of perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors. Personality and Individual
Differences, 47, 885-889. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Foster, J. D., Shrira, I., & Campbell, W. K. (2006). Theoretical models of narcissism, sexuality,
and relationship commitment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23, 367-386.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Foster, M. R. (1995). The use of biographical information to determine skill levels as measured
in an assessment center. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Fowler, C. (1985). Machiavellian people: Immediate confrontation and effective external
controls are helpful countermeasures. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 19, 52-69.
(not empirical)
Fraedrich, J. P. (1993). The ethical behavior of retail managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 12,
207-218. (correlations not reported)
Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, O. C., & Pride, W. (1989). An empirical examination of three
Machiavellian concepts: advertisers vs. the general public. Journal of Business Ethics, 8,
687-694. (correlations not reported)
Frank, M. G., Feeley, T. H., Paolantonio, N., & Servoss, T. J. (2004). Individual and small group
accuracy in judging truthful and deceptive communication. Group Decision and
Negotiation, 13, 45-59. (DT measure not used)
Frank, M., & B. (1978). Machiavellian behavior of children directed at child, adult, and
parental targets. ProQuest Information & Learning, US. (excluded population)
Frankenhauser Jr, P. T. An investigation of the relationship between dark leadership and the
effectiveness of transformational leadership in law enforcement. Capella University. (DT
measure not used)
Fry, L. W., & Greenfeld, S. (1980). An examination of attitudinal differences between
policewomen and policemen. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 123-126. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Fry, W. R. (1985). The effect of dyad Machiavellianism and visual access on integrative
bargaining outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 51-62. (lab
experiment)
Fukukawa, K. (2002). Developing A Framework for Ethically Questionable Behavior in
Consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 41, 99-119. (DT measure not used)
Fukukawa, K., Shafer, W. E., & Lee, G. M. (2007). Values and attitudes toward social and
environmental accountability: a study of MBA students. Journal of Business Ethics, 71,
381-394. (DT measure not used)
Fukunishi, I., Hattori, M., Nakamura, H., & Nakagawa, T. (1995). Hostility is related to
narcissism controlling for social desirability: Studies of college students and patients with
myocardial infarction. Journal of psychosomatic research, 39, 215-220. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Fulford, D., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2008). Commonalities and differences in
characteristics of persons at risk for narcissism and mania. Journal of Research in
Personality, 42, 1427-1438. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Fuqua, D. R. (1975). A comparison of police and criminal personality characteristics as
measured by the MMPI. Unpublished master’s thesis, Eastern Illinois University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Furnham, A. (1994). Personality at work: The role of individual differences in the workplace:
Psychology Press. (not empirical)
Furnham, A. (1996). Attitudinal correlates and demographic predictors of monetary beliefs and
behaviours. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 375-388. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Furnham, A., & Crump, J. (2005). Personality traits, types, and disorders: an examination of the
relationship between three self report measures. European Journal of Personality, 19,
167-184. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gable, M., & Dangello, F. (1994). Job involvement, Machiavellianism and job performance.
Journal of Business and Psychology, 9, 159-170. (repeat sample)
Gable, M., & Topol, M. T. (1987). Job satisfaction and Machiavellian orientation among
department store executives. Psychological Reports, 60, 211-216. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Gable, M., & Topol, M. T. (1989). Machiavellianism and job satisfaction of retailing executives
in a specialty store chain. Psychological Reports, 64, 107-112. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Gabriel, M. T., Critelli, J. W., & Ee, J. S. (1994). Narcissistic illusions in self evaluations of
intelligence and attractiveness. Journal of Personality, 62, 143-155. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Gaebelein, J. W. (1973). Third-party instigation of aggression: An experimental approach.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 389-395. (lab experiment)
Gaines, L. K., & Lewis, B. R. (1982). Reliability and validity of the oral interview board in
police promotions: A research note. Journal of Criminal Justice, 10, 403-419. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Galfo, A. J. (1975). Measurement of group versus educational leaders' perception of leadership
style and administrative theory orientation. The Journal of Educational Research, 68,
310-314. (DT measure not used)
Galie, P. J., & Bopst, C. (2006). Machiavelli & Modern Business: Realist Thought in
Contemporary Corporate Leadership Manuals. Journal of Business Ethics, 65, 235-250.
(not empirical)
Galli, I., & Nigro, G. (1983). Relationship between Machiavellianism and external control
among Italian undergraduates. Psychological Reports, 53, 1081-1082. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Galli, I., Nigro, G., & Krampen, G. (1986). Multidimensional locus of control and
Machiavellianism in Italian and West German students: Similarities and differences.
Applied Psychology, 35, 453-460. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gangestad, S. W., & Snyder, M. (2000). Self-monitoring: Appraisal and reappraisal.
Psychological Bulletin, 126, 530-555. (DT measure not used)
Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: A neurobiological
model. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28, 194-210. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Garber, C. R. (1983). Correlation studies using entry scores, training test results, and
subsequent job performance ratings of students of the security police academy, Lackland
AFB, Texas. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Gardner, J. F. (1994). The predictive validity of psychological testing in law enforcement.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Alabama. (repeat sample)
Gardner, W. L., & Cleavenger, D. (1998). The impression management strategies associated
with transformational leadership at the world-class level. Management Communication
Quarterly, 12, 3-41. (DT measure not used)
Gardner, W. L., & Martinko, M. J. (1998). An organizational perspective of the effects of
dysfunctional impression management. Monographs in Organizational Behavior and
Industrial Relations, 23, 69-126. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gaski, J. F. (1999). Does marketing ethics really have anything to say?–a critical inventory of the
literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 315-334. (not empirical)
Gates, S. L., & B. (1975). Some self-concept characteristics of the male Machiavellian
personality style. ProQuest Information & Learning, US. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Pryor, L. R., & Lynam, D. R. (2009). Comparing two alternative
measures of general personality in the assessment of psychopathy: A test of the NEO
PI‐R and the MPQ. Journal of Personality, 77, 965-996. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Geary, D. (1979). A study of the relationship of selected educational factors to police
performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno. (DT
measure not used)
Geis, F. (1968). Machiavellianism in a semireal world. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of
the American Psychological Association, 3, 407-408. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Geis, F. L. (1965). Machiavellianism in three-person game. Columbia University. (lab
experiment)
Geis, F. L., & Moon, T. H. (1981). Machiavellianism and deception. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 41, 766-775. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gelbart, M. (1978). Psychological, personality, and biographical variables related to success as
a hostage negotiator. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern
California. (DT measure not used)
Gemmill, G. R., & Heisler, W. (1972). Machiavellianism as a factor in managerial job strain, job
satisfaction, and upward mobility. Academy of Management Journal, 51-62. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Gendron, Y., Suddaby, R., & Lam, H. (2006). An examination of the ethical commitment of
professional accountants to auditor independence. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 169193. (not empirical)
Geraghty, M. F. (1986). The California Personality Inventory test as a predictor of law
enforcement officer job performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida Institute
of Technology. (DT measure not used)
Gettys, V. S., & Elam, J. D. (1985). Validation demystified: Personnel selection techniques that
work. The Police Chief, April, 41-43. (not empirical)
Ghosh, D. (2000). Organizational design and manipulative behavior: Evidence from a negotiated
transfer pricing experiment. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 12, 1-30. (correlations
not reported)
Ghosh, D., & Crain, T. L. (1995). Ethical standards, attitudes toward risk, and intentional
noncompliance: an experimental investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 353-365.
(DT measure not used)
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2004). The interaction of materialist and postmaterialist
values in predicting dimensions of personal and social identity. Human Relations, 57,
1379-1405. (DT measure not used)
Giacalone, R. A., & Payne, S. L. (1995). Evaluation of employee rule violations: The impact of
impression management effects in historical context. Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 477487. (DT measure not used)
Giacalone, R. A., & Rosenfeld, P. (1987). Impression management concerns and reinforcement
interventions. Group & Organization Management, 12, 445-453. (DT measure not used)
Giannoni, R. J. (1979). Personnel selection procedures and their relationship with academy
training and field performance of state traffic officers. Unpublished master’s thesis,
California State University, Sacramento. (DT measure not used)
Gilmore, R. L. (1980). Machiavellian influence on school climate: A study of high school
principals' Machiavellian characteristics as they relate to organizational school climate.
ProQuest Information & Learning, US. (excluded population)
Girodo, M. (1998). Undercover probes of police corruption: Risk factors in proactive internal
affairs investigations. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 16, 479-496. (DT measure not
used)
Glad, B. (1998). Evaluating presidential character. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 28, 861-872.
(not empirical)
Gleason, J. M., Seaman, F. J., & Hollander, E. P. (1978). Emergent leadership processes as a
function of task structure and Machiavellianism. Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 3336. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Glenn, J. R., & Loo, M. F. (1993). Business students' and practitioners' ethical decisions over
time. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 835-847. (DT measure not used)
Glover, H. D. (1992). Organizational change and development: The consequences of misuse.
Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 13, 9-16. (DT measure not used)
Glover, S. H., Bumpus, M. A., Logan, J. E., & Ciesla, J. R. (1997). Re-examining the influence
of individual values on ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 13191329. (DT measure not used)
Glover, S. H., Bumpus, M. A., Sharp, G. F., & Munchus, G. A. (2002). Gender differences in
ethical decision making. Women in Management Review, 17, 217-227. (DT measure not
used)
Goffin, R. D., & Gellatly, I. R. (2001). A multi rater assessment of organizational commitment:
are self report measures biased? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 437-451. (DT
measure not used)
Gold, A. R., Friedman, L. N., & Christie, R. (1971). The anatomy of revolutionists. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology, 1, 26-43. (not empirical)
Gold, B. T. (1996). Enviousness and its relationship to maladjustment and psychopathology.
Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 311-321. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Goldberg, B. R., Serper, M. R., Sheets, M., Beech, D., Dill, C., & Duffy, K. G. (2007).
Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service: Self esteem , narcissism, and
theory of mind deficits. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 436. (excluded
population)
Goldenberg, J. L., Heflick, N. A., & Cooper, D. P. (2008). The thrust of the problem: Bodily
inhibitions and guilt as a function of mortality salience and neuroticism. Journal of
Personality, 76, 1055-1080. (not empirical)
Goleman, D., & Emmerling, R. J. (2003). Emotional intelligence: issues and common
misunderstandingsAvailable from www.eiconsortium.org. (not empirical)
Golombeck, N. (2006). The impact of attachment style, gender, and Machiavellianism on
nonverbal communication abilities. Unpublished Ph.D., St. John's University (New
York), United States -- New York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gonder, M. L. (1998). Personality profiles of police officers: Differences in those that complete
and fail to complete a police training academy. Unpublished master’s thesis, University
of North Carolina-Charlotte. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Goodchild, L. F. (1986). Toward a foundational normative method in business ethics. Journal of
Business Ethics, 5, 485-499. (not empirical)
Goolsby, J. R., & Hunt, S. D. (1992). Cognitive moral development and marketing. The Journal
of Marketing, 56, 55-68. (DT measure not used)
Gordon, M. E., & Kleiman, L. S. (1976). The prediction of trainability using a work sample test
and an aptitude test: A direct comparison. Personnel Psychology, 29, 243-253. (DT
measure not used)
Goss, R. P. (1996). A Distinct Public Administration Ethics? Journal of Public Administration
Research and Theory, 6, 573-597. (not empirical)
Gottesman, J. I. (1974). The utility of the MMPI in assessing the personality patterns of urban
police applicants. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stevens Institute of Technology.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gottfredson, L. S. (2007). 17 Innovation, fatal accidents, and the evolution of general
intelligence. Integrating the mind: Domain general versus domain specific processes in
higher cognition, 387. (not empirical)
Gough, H. G. (1975). California Psychological Inventory manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting
Psychologists Press. (DT measure not used)
Gould, L. A. (2000). A longitudinal approach to the study of the police personality: Race/Gender
differences. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 15(2), 41-51. (DT measure not
used)
Gould, L. A., & Funk, S. (1998). Does the stereotypical personality reported for the male police
officer fit that of the female police officer? Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,
13(1), 25-39. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gould, L. A., & Volbrecht, M. (1999). Personality differences between women police recruits,
their male counterparts, and the general female population. Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 14(1), 1-8. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gozna, L. F., Vrij, A., & Bull, R. (2001). The impact of individual differences on perceptions of
lying in everyday life and in a high stake situation. Personality and Individual
Differences, 31, 1203-1216. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Grafton, W. L. (1997). A descriptive investigation of demographic variables among state
troopers, and the relationship between personality profiles and class rank in the
Louisiana State Police Academy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
Southern Mississippi. (DT measure not used)
Graham, J. (1996). Machiavellian project managers: Do they perform better? International
Journal of Project Management, 14, 67-74. (correlations not reported)
Grams, W. C., & Rogers, R. W. (1990). Power and personality: Effects of Machiavellianism,
need for approval, and motivation on use of influence tactics. Journal of General
Psychology, 117, 71-82. (correlations not reported)
Gramzow, R. H., & Gaertner, L. (2005). Self esteem and favoritism toward novel in-groups: The
self as an evaluative base. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 801-815.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gramzow, R., & Tangney, J. P. (1992). Proneness to shame and the narcissistic personality.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 369-376. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Granitz, N. A. (2003). Individual, social and organizational sources of sharing and variation in
the ethical reasoning of managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 101-124. (DT measure
not used)
Granitz, N., & Loewy, D. (2007). Applying ethical theories: Interpreting and responding to
student plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 293-306. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Grayson, L. J. (1986). Narcissistic personality stules and their effects on job functioning in
police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional
Psychology, Los Angeles. (correlations not reported)
Graziano, J. R. (1995). The relationship between police officers' level of education and work
performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University at
Carbondale. (DT measure not used)
Greb, J. T. (1982). The Nelson-Denny Reading Test as a predictor of police recruit training
success and the impact of basic reading skill levels over a six-year period.. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University. (DT measure not used)
Green, R. W. (1978). Self-regulated eating behaviors in a diabetic mental patient. Behavior
Therapy, 9, 521-525. (excluded population)
Greenberg, B. E., Riggs, M., Bryant, F. B., & Smith, B. D. (2003). Validation of a short
aggression inventory for law enforcement. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,
18(2), 12-19. (DT measure not used)
Greenberg, J., Kosloff, S., Solomon, S., Cohen, F., & Landau, M. Toward understanding the
fame game: The effect of mortality salience on the appeal of fame. Self and Identity, 9, 118. (DT measure not used)
Greenberger, E., Lessard, J., Chen, C., & Farruggia, S. P. (2008). Self-entitled college students:
contributions of personality, parenting, and motivational factors. Journal of Youth and
Adolescence, 37, 1193-1204. (excluded population)
Greenblatt, M. (1975). Psychopolitics and the search for power. Psychiatric Annals, 5, 71-83.
(not empirical)
Greenfield, P. (2002). Cognitive and moral evaluations of lies and deception. Unpublished
Ph.D., City University of New York, United States -- New York. (excluded population)
Greenlee, J. S., Cullinan, C. P., & Morand, D. A. (1995). Machiavellianism among business
school students: A multi-institution comparison. Psychological Reports, 76, 375-378.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Greenstein, L. R. (1975). Changes in beliefs held by occupational therapy students: Before and
after the first field experience. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 29, 137-142.
(not empirical)
Griffin, G. R. (1980). A study of relationships between levels of college education and police
patrolmen's performance. Saratoga, CA: Century Twenty One Publishing. (DT measure
not used)
Griffith, R. L., Yoshita, Y., Peterson, M. H., & Malm, T. (2006). Addressing elusive questions:
Investigating the faking-performance relationship. Working paper. (DT measure not
used)
Griffith, T. L. (1991). Correlates of police and correctional officer performance. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Florida State University. (DT measure not used)
Griffiths, R. F., & McDaniel, Q. P. (1993). Predictors of police assaults. Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 9(1), 5-9. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Grover, S. L., & Enz, C. A. (2005). The influence of company rules, ethical climate, and
individual characteristics on sales representative's honesty. Journal of Management &
Organization, 11, 27-36. (correlations not reported)
Grover, S. L., & Hui, C. (2005). How job pressures and extrinsic rewards affect lying behavior.
International Journal of Conflict Management, 16, 287-300. (correlations not reported)
Groves, J. E. (1975). Management of the borderline patient on a medical or surgical ward: the
psychiatric consultant's role. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 6, 337348. (excluded population)
Groves, M. O. (2005). How important is your personality? Labor market returns to personality
for women in the US and UK. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26, 827-841. (DT
measure not used)
Gruber, D. (2009). Overt and covert narcissism, anger, and selfobject needs. Unpublished Ph.D.,
Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center, United States -- New York. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Gruber, G. (1986). The police applicant test: A predictive validity study. Journal of Police
Science and Administration, 14(2), 121-129. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Grucza, R. A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The comparative validity of 11 modern personality
inventories: Predictions of behavioral acts, informant reports, and clinical indicators.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 167-187. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Gunnthorsdottir, A., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. (2002). Using the Machiavellianism instrument to
predict trustworthiness in a bargaining game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23, 4966. (lab experiment)
Gunz, H., & Gunz, S. (2007). Hired professional to hired gun: An identity theory approach to
understanding the ethical behaviour of professionals in non-professional organizations.
Human Relations, 60, 851-887. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gupta, M. D. (1986a). Birth order and locale as determinants of Machiavellianism. Perspectives
in Psychological Researches, 9, 51-55. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gupta, M. D. (1986b). Effects of age and family structure on Machiavellianism. Indian Journal
of Current Psychological Research, 1, 95-100. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Gupta, M. D. (1987a). Machiavellianism of different occupational groups. Indian Journal of
Psychometry & Education, 18, 61-66. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gupta, M. D. (1987b). Role of age and birth order in Machiavellianism. Psychological Studies,
32, 47-50. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gupta, M. D. (1991). Effects of impulsiveness and age on Machiavellianism. Indian Journal of
Psychometry & Education, 22, 19-25. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gurevitch, Z. D. (1984). Impression formation during tactical self-presentation. Social
Psychology Quarterly, 47, 262-270. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gurtman, M. B. (1992). Construct validity of interpersonal personality measures: The
interpersonal circumplex as a nomological net. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 63, 105-118. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Gustafson, S. B. (2000). Personality and organizational destructiveness: Fact, fiction, and fable.
Developmental science and the holistic approach, 299–313. (DT measure not used)
Guterman, S. S. (1970). The Machiavellians: A social psychological study of moral character
and organizational milieu. Oxford England: U. Nebraska Press. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Gutheil, T. G. (1989). Borderline personality disorder, boundary violations, and patient-therapist
sex: medicolegal pitfalls. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 597-602. (excluded
population)
Haas, H. (2002). Extending the search for folk personality constructs: The dimensionality of the
personality-relevant proverb domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82,
594-609. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Haas, H. A. (1999). The factor structure of proverb endorsement: Implications for personality
psychology. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Minnesota, United States -- Minnesota.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hacker, S. L., & Gaitz, C. M. (1970). Interaction and performance correlates of
Machiavellianism. Sociological Quarterly, 11, 94-102. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Haggerty, D. J. (1979). The relationships among organizational climate, leader situation, and
the Machiavellianism of elementary school principals. Unpublished Ph.D., New York
University, United States -- New York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Haigler, E. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Experimental manipulation of NEO-PI-R items. Journal
of Personality Assessment, 77, 339-358. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Haimowitz, B. R. (1996). The assessment of shame and guilt in elementary school children.
Unpublished Ph.D., Tufts University, United States -- Massachusetts. (excluded
population)
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Bowler, W. M. (2007). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The
mediating role of motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 93-106. (DT measure
not used)
Halfhill, T., Sundstrom, E., Lahner, J., Calderone, W., & Nielsen, T. M. (2005). Group
personality composition and group effectiveness. Small Group Research, 36, 83-105.
(DT measure not used)
Hall, G. C. N. (1982). The effects of therapist characteristics upon low SES and racial minority
clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcome in initial sessions. Unpublished Ph.D.,
Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Psychology, United States -- California.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hall, J. (2009). Interview assessment of boldness: Construct validity and empirical links to
psychopathy and fearlessness. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Minnesota, United
States -- Minnesota. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hall, J. R., Benning, S. D., & Patrick, C. J. (2004). Criterion-related validity of the three-factor
model of psychopathy. Assessment, 11, 4-16. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Hamack, R. F. (1988). Pre-academy placement in the Washington State Patrol: Factors
associated with academy and job performance. Unpublished master’s thesis, Central
Washington University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hamilton, R. A., II. (1990). Machiavellianism and its relation to leader perception among career
Air Force officers. Unpublished D.P.A., The University of Alabama, United States -Alabama. (outlier)
Hammond, V. (1992). Gender: What does the research tell us? Management Development
Review, 5, 6-8. (DT measure not used)
Hankey, R. O. (1968). Personality correlates in a role of authority: The Police. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California. (DT measure not used)
Hankey, R. O., Morman, R. R., Kennedy, P. K., & Heywood, H. L. (1965). TAV selection
system and state traffic officer job performance, Police, March-April, 10-13. (DT
measure not used)
Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1991). Constructing personality and social reality through
music: Individual differences among fans of punk and heavy metal music. J. Broad. &
Elec. Media, 35, 335-350. (excluded population)
Hanson, J. (1996). The political sociology of cold war American morality. International journal
of sociology and social policy, 16, 88-101. (not empirical)
Hansson, R. O., & Straub, R. I. (1973). Effects of Machiavellianism on courtroom pleabargaining. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological
Association. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hardeman, S. K. (1984). The effects of Machiavellianism and locus of control on bargaining
behavior in a triadic coalition situation. Unpublished Ph.D., Texas Christian University,
United States -- Texas. (lab experiment)
Hare, R. D. (1982). Psychopathy and the personality dimensions of psychoticism, extraversion
and neuroticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 3, 35-42. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 25-54. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Hare, R. D. (1998). The hare PCL‐R: Some issues concerning its use and misuse. Legal and
Criminological Psychology, 3, 99-119. (not empirical)
Hare, R. D. (1999). Psychopathy as a risk factor for violence. Psychiatric Quarterly, 70, 181197. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual
Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217-246. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hargiel, O., & Tourish, D. (1994). Communication Skills Training: Management Manipulation
or Personal Development? Human Relations, 47, 1377-1389. (DT measure not used)
Hargrave, G. E. (1985). Using the MMPI and CPI to screen law enforcement applicants: A study
of reliability and validity of clinician's decisions. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 13(3), 221-224. (DT measure not used)
Hargrave, G. E. (1987). Screening law enforcement cadets with the MMPI: An analysis of
adverse impact. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 3(1), 14-19. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Hargrave, G. E., & Hiatt, D. (1987). Law enforcement selection with the interview, MMPI, and
CPI: A study of reliability and validity. Journal of Police Science and Administration,
15(2), 110-117. (repeat sample)
Hargrave, G. E., Hiatt, D., & Gaffney, T. W. (1986). A comparison of MMPI and CPI test
profiles for traffic officers and deputy sheriffs. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 14(3), 250-258. (DT measure not used)
Hargrave, G. E., Hiatt, D., & Gaffney, T. W. (1988). F+4+9+Cn: An MMPI measure of
aggression in law enforcement officers and applicants. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 16(3), 268-273. (DT measure not used)
Hargrave, G. E., Norborg. J. M., & Oldenburg, L. (1986). Differences in entry level test and
criterion data for male and female police officers. In Reese, J. T. & Goldstein, H. A.
(Eds). Psychological services for law enforcement, pp 35-42. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Harland, L. K. (2003). Using personality tests in leadership development: Test format effects and
the mitigating impact of explanations and feedback. Human Resource Development
Quarterly, 14, 285-301. (DT measure not used)
Harmon, H. A., Baran, M., & Stalinski, P. (2006). Machiavellianism, fear of success, and birth
order: a pilot study of the contemporary polish college student. Editorial Advisory Board,
1, 64-99. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Harmon, H. A., Webster, R. L., Brown, E. A., & Hammond, K. L. (2006). Machiavellianism:
How do today's Indonesian students compare with US students of today and the 1960s?
Philosophy and Ethics: New Research, 267-274. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Harpur, T. J., Hare, R. D., & Hakstian, A. R. (1989). Two-factor conceptualization of
psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications. Psychological Assessment:
A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 6-17. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Harpur, T. J., Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (2002). Personality of the psychopath. In P. T. Costa &
T. A. Widiger (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
(pp. 299-234). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. (not empirical)
Harrel, W. A. (1980). Retaliatory aggression by high and low Machiavellians against remorseful
and non-remorseful wrongdoers. Social Behavior and Personality: an international
journal, 8, 217-220. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Harris, J. R., & Sutton, C. D. (1995). Unravelling the ethical decision-making process: Clues
from an empirical study comparing Fortune 1000 executives and MBA students. Journal
of Business Ethics, 14, 805-817. (DT measure not used)
Harris, M. R., & Abraham, T. (1976). Machiavellianism and vocational attitudes: A development
perspective. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 3, 25-31. (not empirical)
Harris, P. (2001). Commentary-Machiavelli, political marketing and reinventing government.
European Journal of Marketing, 35, 1136-1154. (not empirical)
Harris, P., & Rees, P. (2000). Pictures at an Exhibition: Milton, Machiavelli, Monet, Mussorgsky
and marketing. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 18, 368-373. (not empirical)
Harris, P., Lock, A., & Rees, P. (2000). Machiavelli, marketing, and management. Psychology
Press. (not empirical)
Harris, T. M. (1966). Machiavellianism, judgment independence and attitudes toward teammates
in a cooperative rating task. Unpublished Ph.D., Columbia University, United States -New York. (lab experiment)
Harris, T. M. (1967). Machiavellianism, Judgment Independence and Attitudes Toward
Teammates in a Cooperative Rating Task. Unpublished Manuscript (repeat sample)
Hart, P. L., & Joubert, C. E. (1996). Narcissism and hostility. Psychological Reports, 79, 161162. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hart, R. (1981). The use of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire in the selection of police officers:
A validation study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Hart, S. D. (1992). Development and validation of a new scale for the assessment of
psychopathy. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of British Columbia (Canada), Canada.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1994). Psychopathy and the Big 5: Correlations between observers'
ratings of normal and pathological personality. Journal of Personality Disorders, 8, 3240. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1998). Association between psychopathy and narcissism: Theoretical
views and empirical evidence. Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical, and
empirical implications, 415–436. (not empirical)
Hasan, Q., & Khan, S. R. (1983a). Dimension of Gandhian (nonviolent) personality. Journal of
Psychological Researches, 2, 100–106. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hasan, Q., & Khan, S. R. (1983b). A study towards validation of the scale measuring Gandhian
(nonviolent) personality. Psychological Studies, 28, 74-77. (repeat sample)
Haselton, M. G., & Miller, G. F. (2006). Women’s fertility across the cycle increases the shortterm attractiveness of creative intelligence. Human Nature, 17, 50-73. (not empirical)
Hastings, M. E. (2005). Psychopathy and the identification and understanding of emotion.
Unpublished Ph.D., George Mason University, United States -- Virginia. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Hausknecht, J. P., Trevor, C. O., & Farr, J. L. (2002). Retaking ability tests in a selection setting:
Implications for practice effects, training performance, and turnover. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 87(2), 243-254. (DT measure not used)
Hawley, P. H. (2003). Prosocial and coercive configurations of resource control in early
adolescence: A case for the well-adapted Machiavellian. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49,
279-309. (not empirical)
Hawley, P. H. (2006). Evolution and personality: A new look at Machiavellianism. Handbook of
personality development, 147–161. (not empirical)
Hays, J. R. (1997). Note on concurrent validation of the Personality Assessment Inventory in law
enforcement. Psychological Reports, 81, 244-246. (DT measure not used)
Hazleton, V. J. (1977). Machiavellianism, power, and communication behavior in the creative
alternative game. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Oklahoma, United States -Oklahoma. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Heatherton, T. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2000). Interpersonal evaluations following threats to self: role
of self esteem . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 725-736. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Hegarty, W. H. (1995). Effects of group norms and learning on unethical decision behavior.
Psychological Reports, 76, 593-594. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hegarty, W. H., & Sims, H. P. (1979). Organizational philosophy, policies, and objectives
related to unethical decision behavior: A laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 64, 331. (lab experiment)
Heisel, A. D. (2000). Strategic verbal aggression: Attacking the self-concept to enhance
motivation in the classroom. Unpublished Ed.D., West Virginia University, United States
-- West Virginia. (excluded population)
Helrich, K. L. (1985). The use of hardiness and othe stress-resistance resources to predict
symptoms and performance in police academy trainees. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego. (DT measure not
used)
Henderson, B. C. (2005). An examination of the role of ethics in tax compliance decisions.
Journal of the American Taxation Association, 27, 39. (not empirical)
Henderson, N. D. (1979). Criterion-related validity of personality and aptitude scales: A
comparison of validation results under voluntary and actual test conditions. In Charles D.
Spielberger (Ed.). Police Selection and Evaluation: Issues and Techniques. New York:
Praeger Publishers. (DT measure not used)
Hendin, H. M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of
murray's narcissism scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588-599. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Henry, M. S., & Rafilson, F. M. (1997). The temporal stability of the national Police Officer
Selection Test. Psychological Reports, 81, 1259-1265. (DT measure not used)
Hensley, W. E. (1977). Probability, personality, age, and risk taking. Journal of Psychology:
Interdisciplinary and Applied, 95, 139-145. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hermanowicz, U. (1982). Effect of "Authenticity" and Machiavellian attitudes on
communication styles. Polish psychological bulletin, 13, 45-51. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Heyer, T. (1998). A follow-up study of the prediction of police officer performance on
psychological evaluation variables. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Minnesota School
of Professional Psychology. (correlations not reported)
Heyman, S. R. (1976). A study of dogmatism, Machiavellianism, anomia, hostility, and
aggression. Unpublished Ph.D., Louisiana State University and Agricultural &
Mechanical College, United States -- Louisiana. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Hibbard, S. (1992). Narcissism, shame, masochism, and object relations: An exploratory
correlational study. Psychoanalytic psychology, 9, 489-508. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Hicklin, J., & Widiger, T. A. (2005). Similarities and differences among antisocial and
psychopathic self report inventories from the perspective of general personality
functioning. European Journal of Personality, 19, 325-342. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Hickman, J. A. (1986). Machiavellian interpersonal orientation in the principalship: Role
clarity, work satisfaction and principal characteristics. Unpublished Ph.D., Louisiana
State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Hickman, S. E., Watson, P. J., & Morris, R. J. (1996). Optimism, pessimism, and the complexity
of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 521-525. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Higgins, C. A., Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2003). Influence tactics and work outcomes: A
meta analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 89-106. (DT measure not used)
Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The influence of workplace exclusion and personality on
counterproductive work behaviours: An interactionist perspective. European Journal of
Work and Organizational Psychology, 18, 477-502. (DT measure not used)
Ho, F. N., Vitell, S. J., Barnes, J. H., & Desborde, R. (1997). Ethical correlates of role conflict
and ambiguity in marketing: The mediating role of cognitive moral development. Journal
of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25, 117-126. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Ho, T. (1999). Assessment of police officer recruiting and testing instruments. Journal of
Offender Rehabilitation, 29(3), 1-23. (DT measure not used)
Ho, T. (2001). The interrelationships of psychological testing, psychologists’ recommendations,
and police departments’ recruitment decisions. Police Quarterly, 4(3), 318-342. (repeat
sample)
Hochwarter, W. A. (2003). The Interactive Effects of Pro Political Behavior and Politics
Perceptions on Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment1. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 33, 1360-1378. (DT measure not used)
Hofer, S. M. (1994). On the structure of personality and the relationship of personality to fluid
and crystalized intelligence in adulthood. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University
of Southern California. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hogan, R., & Kurtines, W. (1975). Personological correlates of police effectiveness. The Journal
of Psychology, 91, 289-295. (DT measure not used)
Hogan, R., & Shelton, D. (1998). A socioanalytic perspective on job performance. Human
Performance, 11, 129-144. (not empirical)
Hoglund, C. L. (1996). Narcissistic features, shame, anger and gender differences in adults
exposed to emotionally abusive family environments. Unpublished Ph.D., University of
Wyoming, United States -- Wyoming. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Holdren, M. (2004). Causal attributions among overt and covert narcissism subtypes for
hypothetical, retrospective, and prospective events. (Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio
University). (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Holland, A. M. (1980). Comparative analysis of selected predictors of police officer job
performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University. (DT measure
not used)
Holland, T. R., Heim, R. B., & Holt, N. (1976). Personality patterns among correctional officer
applicants. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(4), 786-791. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Holleran, S. A. (1994). Pressured dominance and potential for hostility: Associations with
oppositional orientation, developmental, and coronary heart disease risk-related
variables. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Kansas. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Holley, H. B. (1977). The Machiavellian personality, sex differences in success with
interpersonal manipulation, and properties of the Mach scales. Unpublished Ph.D.,
University of Miami. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Holt, J. L. (2005). Intimate violence: The effects of family, threatened egotism, and reciprocity.
Unpublished M.A., East Tennessee State University. (DT measure not used)
Holt, J. L., & Gillespie, W. (2008). Intergenerational Transmission of Violence, Threatened
Egoism, and Reciprocity: A Test of Multiple Psychosocial Factors Affecting Intimate
Partner Violence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 252-266. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Holtzman, N. S., & Strube, M. J. Narcissism and attractiveness. Journal of Research in
Personality, 44, 133-136. (also searched the full reference list)
Hook, T. (2007). The role of self-concept and narcissism in aggression. Unpublished Ph.D., The
University of Saskatchewan (Canada), Canada. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Hooke, J. F., & Krauss, H. H. (1971). Personality characteristics of successful police sergeant
candidates. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 62(1), 104-106.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hooper, M. K. (1988). Relationship of college education to police officer job performance.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Claremont Graduate School. (DT measure not used)
Hopstock, P. J. (1974). Personality and environmental determinants, of the social facilitation
effect. Unpublished Ph.D., State University of New York at Stony Brook, United States -New York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Horai, J., & Wasserman, L. (1974). Machiavellianism and attitude similarity-dissimilarity as
antecedents of interpersonal attraction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 8182. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Horner, W. (1978). Manipulative orientation and social insight: A comparative study of social
work and business administration students. Journal of Education for Social Work, 14, 5663. (DT measure not used)
Hornsveld, R. H. J. (2005). Evaluation of Aggression Control Therapy for violent forensic
psychiatric patients. Psychology Crime and Law, 11, 403-410. (excluded population)
Horstman, P. L. (1976). Assessing the California Psychological Inventory for predicting police
performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma. (DT measure
not used)
Horton, R. S., & Sedikides, C. (2009). Narcissistic responding to ego threat: When the status of
the evaluator matters. Journal of Personality, 77, 1493-1526. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Horton, R. S., Bleau, G., & Drwecki, B. (2006). Parenting narcissus: What are the links between
parenting and narcissism? Journal of Personality, 74, 345-376. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Horvath, S., & Morf, C. C. (2009). Narcissistic defensiveness: Hypervigilance and avoidance of
worthlessness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1252-1258. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
House, R. J. (1967). Group education and leadership effectiveness: A review of the empirical
literature and a critical evaluation. Personnel Psychology, 20, 1-30. (not empirical)
House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?
Journal of Management, 23, 409-473. (not empirical)
House, R. J., & Howell, J. M. (1992). Personality and charismatic leadership. The Leadership
Quarterly, 3, 81-108. (not empirical)
Howard, S. R. (1984). Relationsihps between attitudes toward the disabled, Machiavellianism,
and sphere of control. Unpublished Ph.D., Hofstra University, United States -- New
York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hren, D., Vujaklija, A., Ivaniševi, R., Kneževi, J., Maruši, M., & Maruši, A. (2006). Students’
moral reasoning, Machiavellianism and socially desirable responding: implications for
teaching ethics and research integrity. Medical education, 40, 269-277. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Huber, V. L., & Neale, M. A. (1986). Effects of cognitive heuristics and goals on negotiator
performance and subsequent goal setting. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 38, 342-365. (DT measure not used)
Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1994). Broadening the concept of entrepreneurship: Comparing
business and consumer entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 61-61.
(DT measure not used)
Humphrey, N. K. (1976). The social function of intellect. Growing points in ethology, 303-317.
(DT measure not used)
Hunsley, J. (1993). Treatment acceptability of symptom prescription techniques. Journal of
counseling psychology, 40, 139-143. (DT measure not used)
Hunsley, J., & Lefebvre, M. (1991). Clinical psychologists' views of the acceptability of
paradoxical techniques. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 28, 580587. (DT measure not used)
Hunt, S. D. (2001). The influence of philosophy, philosophies, and philosophers on a marketer's
scholarship. The Journal of Marketing, 65, 117-122. (not empirical)
Hunt, S. D., & Hansen, J. M. (2007). Understanding ethical diversity in organizations.
Organizational Dynamics, 36, 202-216. (not empirical)
Hunt, S. D., Chonko, L. B., & Wilcox, J. B. (1984). Ethical problems of marketing researchers.
Journal of Marketing Research, 21, 309-324. (DT measure not used)
Hunter, J. E., Gerbing, D. W., & Boster, F. J. (1982). Machiavellian beliefs and personality:
Construct invalidity of the Machiavellianism dimension. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 43, 1293-1305. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hunyady, O., Josephs, L., & Jost, J. (2007). Priming the primal scene: Betrayal trauma,
narcissism, and attitudes toward sexual infidelity. Self and Identity, 7, 278-294. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Hurt, S., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2002). Personality traits and pathology in older and younger
incarcerated women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 457-464. (excluded
population)
Huseman, R. C., Hatfield, J. D., & Miles, E. W. (1987). A new perspective on equity theory: The
equity sensitivity construct. Academy of Management Review, 12, 222-234. (not
empirical)
Hwang, G.S. (1988). Validity of the California Psychological Inventory for Police Selection.
Unpublished master's thesis, North Texas State University. (DT measure not used)
Hyman, S. (2009). Narcissism and authoritarianism among African American seminarians.
Unpublished Ph.D., Walden University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Hymoff, I. H. (1970). An experimental investigation of the relationship of Machiavellianism to
guilt and compliance. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Maine, United States -Maine. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ibrahim, N. A., Angelidis, J. P., & Howard, D. P. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: a
comparative analysis of perceptions of practicing accountants and accounting students.
Journal of Business Ethics, 66, 157-167. (DT measure not used)
Ickes, W., Reidhead, S., & Patterson, M. (1986). Machiavellianism and self-monitoring: As
different as “me” and “you”. Social Cognition, 4, 58-74. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ishida, C. (2006). How do scores of DIT and MJT differ? A critical assessment of the use of
alternative moral development scales in studies of business ethics. Journal of Business
Ethics, 67, 63-74. (not empirical)
Iwashita, H. T. (1973). Relationships between Machiavellianism, I-E control and counseling
orientation at three levels of counselor training experience. Unpublished Educat.D.,
Northern Illinois University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Izzo, G. M., & Vitell, S. J. (2003). Exploring the effects of professional education on
salespeople: the case of autonomous agents. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,
11, 26-38. (DT measure not used)
Jack, L. A. (2000). Psychopathy, risk/need factors, and psychiatric symptoms in high-risk youth:
Relationships between variables and their link to recidivism. Unpublished Ph.D., Simon
Fraser University (Canada), Canada. (excluded population)
Jackson, C. J. (2001). Comparison between Eysenck's and Gray's models of personality in the
prediction of motivational work criteria. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 129144. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Jackson, C. J. (2002). Mapping Gray's model of personality onto the Eysenck Personality
Profiler (EPP). Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 495-507. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Jackson, C. J., & Francis, L. J. (2004). Primary scale structure of the Eysenck personality profiler
(EPP). Current Psychology, 22, 295-305. (DT measure not used)
Jackson, C. J., Furnham, A., Forde, L., & Cotter, T. (2000). The structure of the Eysenck
personality profiler. British Journal of Psychology, 91, 223-239. (correlations not
reported)
Jackson, C. J., Levine, S. Z., & Furnham, A. (2003). Gray's model of personality and aggregate
level factor analysis. European Journal of Personality, 17, 397-411. (correlations not
reported)
Jackson, L. A., Ervin, K. S., & Hodge, C. N. (1992). Narcissism and body image. Journal of
Research in Personality, 26, 357-370. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Jackson, M. (2006). Personality traits and occupational attainment. European Sociological
Review, 22, 187-230. (DT measure not used)
Jacobs, S. R., & Dodd, D. (2003). Student burnout as a function of personality, social support,
and workload. Journal of College Student Development, 44, 291-303. (DT measure not
used)
Jaffe, E. D., & Nebenzahl, I. D. (1992). Researchers' responsibility and science. Psychological
Reports, 70, 593-594. (DT measure not used)
Jaffe, E. D., Nebenzahl, I. D., & Gotesdyner, H. (1989b). Personality and effective leadership: A
reply. Psychological Reports, 65, 1377-1378. (repeat sample)
Jagers, R. J., & Mock, L. O. (1993). Culture and social outcomes among inner-city African
American children: An Afrographic exploration. Journal of Black Psychology, 19, 391405. (excluded population)
Jaja, S. A. (2003). Impression management metaphors: an agenda for the 21st century African
industrial managers. Management Research News, 26, 73-94. (not empirical)
Jambor, S. O. (1978). Actualization and Machiavellianism: Social-psychological correlates of
creative problem-solving in three types of competitive settings. Unpublished Ph.D.,
Fordham University, United States -- New York. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
James, M. S. L. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of cynicism in organizations: An
examination of the potential positive and negative effects on school systems. Unpublished
Ph.D., The Florida State University. (DT measure not used)
Janisse, M. P., & Bradley, M. T. (1980). Deception, information and the pupillary response.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 50, 748-750. (DT measure not used)
Jayaraj, E. A. S. (1984). A predictive validity study of police officer selection. Unpublished
master’s thesis, Southern Connecticut State University. (DT measure not used)
Jeanneret, P. R., Moore, J. R., Blakley, B. R., Koelzer, S. L., & Menkes, O. (1991). Development
and validation of trooper physical ability and cognitive ability tests: Final report
submitted to the Texas Department of Public Safety. Houston, TX: Jeanneret &
Associates. (DT measure not used)
Jellinek, R. (1985). Machiavellianism, organizational structure and principals' occupational
stress (job satisfaction). Unpublished Ph.D., Fordham University, United States -- New
York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Jenkins, R. (1999). Democratic politics and economic reform in India. Cambridge University
Press. (not empirical)
John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual
differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 66, 206-219. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Johnson, D. L. (1997). Police officer selection and retention: A review of the attributes of
candidates and the implications for selection. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of
Louisville. (DT measure not used)
Johnson, J. (2007). Organizational justice, moral ideology, and moral evaluation as antecedents
of moral intent. Unpublished Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
(DT measure not used)
Johnson, J. A., & Hogan, R. (1981). Vocational interests, personality, and effective police
performance. Personnel Psychology, 34(1), 49-53. (DT measure not used)
Johnson, P. B. (1980). Need achievement and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 46, 466.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Johnson, P. J. R. (1978). The effects of rape education on male attitudes toward rape and
women. Unpublished Ph.D., Texas Woman's University, United States -- Texas. (DT
measure not used)
Johnson, R. E., Tolentino, A. L., Rodopman, O. B., & Cho, E. (2010). We (sometimes) know not
how we feel: Predicting job performance with an implicit measure of trait affectivity.
Personnel Psychology, 63, 197-219. (DT measure not used)
Johnson, T. A. (1998). The effects of higher education/military service on achievement levels of
police academy cadets. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Southern University.
(DT measure not used)
Johnson, W., Spinath, F., Krueger, R. F., Angleitner, A., & Riemann, R. (2008). Personality in
Germany and Minnesota: An IRT Based Comparison of MPQ Self Reports. Journal of
Personality, 76, 665-706. (DT measure not used)
Jolly, A. (1966). Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence. Science, 153, 501-506.
(excluded population)
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists
and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 12-18. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Jones, E. E., Gergen, K. J., & Davis, K. E. (1962). Some determinants of reactions to being
approved or disapproved as a person. Psychological Monographs, 76, 17. (not
empirical)
Jones, G. E., & Kavanagh, M. J. (1996). An experimental examination of the effects of
individual and situational factors on unethical behavioral intentions in the workplace.
Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 511-523. (DT measure not used)
Jones, J. L., & Middleton, K. L. (2007). Ethical decision-making by consumers: The roles of
product harm and consumer vulnerability. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 247-264.
Jones, R. E. (1989). The personality-trait approach to leader effectiveness. Psychological
Reports, 65, 601-602. (not empirical)
Jones, R. E. (1990). Inconsistency of research results and researchers' responsibility.
Psychological Reports, 66, 689-690. (not empirical)
Jones, R. E., & Melcher, B. H. (1982). Personality and the preference for modes of conflict
resolution. Human Relations, 35, 649-658. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Jones, R. E., & White, C. S. (1983). Relationships between Machiavellianism, task orientation
and team effectiveness. Psychological Reports, 53, 859-866. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Jones, R. E., & White, C. S. (1985). Relationships among personality, conflict resolution styles,
and task effectiveness. Group & Organization Management, 10, 152-167. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Jones, W. H., Nickel, T. W., & Schmidt, A. (1979). Machiavellianism and self-disclosure.
Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 102, 33-41. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Jørstad, J. (1995). Narcissism and leadership: Some differences in male and female leaders.
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 409-416. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Joshi, A. W., & Arnold, S. J. (1997). The impact of buyer dependence on buyer opportunism in
buyer–supplier relationships: The moderating role of relational norms. Psychology and
Marketing, 14, 823-845. (DT measure not used)
Joshi, A. W., & Stump, R. L. (1999). Determinants of commitment and opportunism: Integrating
and extending insights from transaction cost analysis and relational exchange theory.
Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de
l'Administration, 16, 334-352. (DT measure not used)
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A
qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765-780. (DT
measure not used)
Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2002). Are measures of self esteem ,
neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core
construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 693-710. (DT measure not
used)
Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job
satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530-541. (metaanalysis)
Judge, T. A., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2004). Emotional stability, core selfevaluations, and job outcomes: A review of the evidence and an agenda for future
research. Human Performance, 17, 325-346. (not empirical)
Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D. S., & Bratton, V. K. (2004). Situational and dispositional factors as
antecedents of ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings. Journal of Vocational
Behavior, 65, 309-331. (DT measure not used)
Kaestner, E., Rosen, L., Appel, P., & Sofer, S. (1977). Manipulativeness among drug abusers:
Reliability and validity of the Mach IV scale. British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol &
Other Drugs, 72, 245-249. (excluded population)
Kahn, W. A., & Kram, K. E. (1994). Authority at work: Internal models and their organizational
consequences. Academy of Management Review, 19, 17-50. (not empirical)
Kakar, S. (1998). Self-evaluations of police performance: An analysis of the relationship
between police officers’ education level and job performance. Policing: An International
Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 21(4), 632-647. (DT measure not used)
Kakar, S. (2003). Race and police officers perceptions of their job performance: An analysis of
the relationship between police officers’ race, education level, and job performance.
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 18(1), 45-56. (DT measure not used)
Kamdar, D., Nosworthy, G. J., Chia, H. B., & Chay, Y. W. (2002). Giving up the ‘secret of fire’:
The impact of incentives and self-monitoring on knowledge sharing. Paper presented at
the annual meeting of the Academy of Management. (not empirical)
Kang, G. D., & James, J. (2007). Revisiting the concept of a societal orientation:
conceptualization and delineation. Journal of Business Ethics, 73, 301-318. (DT measure
not used)
Kansi, J. (2003). The narcissistic personality inventory: Applicability in a Swedish population
sample. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 44, 441-448. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Kanungo, R. N., & Conger, J. A. (1993). Promoting altruism as a corporate goal. The Academy
of Management Executive (1993-2005), 7, 37-48. (not empirical)
Kaplowitz, H. L. (1977). Machiavellian reactions to the disconfirmation of an expected reward.
Unpublished Ph.D., Yeshiva University, United States -- New York. (lab experiment)
Kappeler, V. E., Sapp, A. D., & Carter, D. L. (1992). Police officer higher education, citizen
complaints, and departmental rule violations. American Journal of Police, 11(2), 37-54.
(DT measure not used)
Karabati, S., & Say, A. I. (2005). Relating work values to societal values: evidence from the
Turkish business context. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12, 85107. (DT measure not used)
Karande, K., Rao, C. P., & Singhapakdi, A. (2002). Moral philosophies of marketing managers:
A comparison of American, Australian, and Malaysian cultures. European Journal of
Marketing, 36, 768-791. (DT measure not used)
Kareshki, H. (2011). Relation among Machiavellianism belief and goal orientations in academic
situations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 12, 414-418. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Karvinen, K. (2002). Personality and other correlates of a drive for muscularity in young men.
Unpublished M.A., York University (Canada), Canada. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Kashy, D. A., & DePaulo, B. M. (1996). Who lies? Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 70, 1037-1051. (not empirical)
Kates, S. L. (1950). Rorschach responses, Strong Blank scales, and job satisfaction among
policemen. Journal of Applied Psychology, 34, 249-254. (DT measure not used)
Kauffmann, D. R., & Steiner, I. D. (1968). Some variables affecting the use of conformity as an
ingratiation technique. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4, 400-414. (DT
measure not used)
Kauffmann, D. R., Chupp, B., Hershberger, K., & Martin, L. (1987). Learning vs grade
orientation: Academic achievement, self-reported orientation, and personality variables.
Psychological Reports, 60, 145-146. (DT measure not used)
Kaufmann, P. J., Welsh, D. H. B., & Bushmarin, N. V. (1995). Locus of control and
entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20, 4356. (DT measure not used)
Kavali, S. G., Tzokas, N. X., & Saren, M. J. (1999). Relationship marketing as an ethical
approach: philosophical and managerial considerations. Management Decision, 37, 573581. (DT measure not used)
Kayode, O. (1973). Predicting performance on the basis of social background characteristics:
The case of the Philadelphia Police Department. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Pennsylvania. (DT measure not used)
Kedia, P. R. (1985). Assessing the effect of college education on police job performance.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi. (DT measure not
used)
Keenan, A., & Clarkson, V. (1977). Machiavellianism and attitudes towards the police. Journal
of Occupational Psychology, 50, 15-22. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Keenan, A., & Scott, R. S. (1985). Employment success of graduates: Relationships to
biographical factors and job seeking behaviours. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 6,
305-311. (DT measure not used)
Keenan, D. C., & Rubin, P. H. (1985). The limits of the equity-efficiency tradeoff. Public
Choice, 47, 425-436. (DT measure not used)
Keeney, J. (2009). Savoring success: Effects of basking and acknowledgement of others in
response to achievement. (Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University). (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Keith, J. B. (1993). Personality characteristics of suburban police recruits and their
compatibility with traditional police management theory. Unpublished master's thesis,
Governors State University (University Park, IL). (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Kellett, J. B., Humphrey, R. H., & Sleeth, R. G. (2006). Empathy and the emergence of task and
relations leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 146-162. (DT measure not used)
Kenney, D. J., & Watson, S. (1990). Intelligence and the selection of police recruits. American
Journal of Police, 9(4), 39-64. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., & Heppner, W. L. (2008). Secure versus fragile high self esteem as
a predictor of verbal defensiveness: Converging findings across three different markers.
Journal of Personality, 76, 477-512. (DT measure not used)
Kerr, N. L., & Gross, A. C. (1978). Situational and personality determinants of a victim's
identification with a tormentor. Journal of Research in Personality, 12, 450-468.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Miller, D. (1984). Neurotic style and organizational pathology.
Strategic Management Journal, 5, 35-55. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Key, S. (1997). Analyzing managerial discretion: An assessment tool to predict individual policy
decisions. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5, 134-155. (DT measure
not used)
Keyton, J., & Rhodes, S. C. (1997). Sexual Harassment: A matter of individual ethics, legal
definitions, or organizational policy? Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 129-146. (DT
measure not used)
Khera, I. P. (2001). Business ethics East vs. West: myths and realities. Journal of Business
Ethics, 30, 29-39. (DT measure not used)
Khoo, H. S., & Burch, G. S. J. (2008). The dark side of leadership personality and
transformational leadership: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual
Differences, 44, 86-97. (DT measure not used)
Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game
addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European
Psychiatry, 23, 212-218. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kim, H. S., & Shim, S. (2003). Gender based approach to the understanding of leadership roles
among retail managers. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14, 321-342. (DT
measure not used)
King, J. L. (2003). Perfectionism in leadership: Exploring the link between leader self esteem ,
leader self-efficacy, leader narcissism and perfectionism. Unpublished Ph.D., Regent
University, United States -- Virginia. (DT measure not used)
King, J. R., Wesley, C., Miles, E. W., & Day, D. D. (1993). A test and refinement of the equity
sensitivity construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 301-317. (DT measure not
used)
King, W. C. (1994). The influence of sex and equity sensitivity on relationship preferences,
assessment of opponent, and outcomes in a negotiation experiment. Journal of
Management, 20, 605-624. (DT measure not used)
King, W. C., & Miles, E. W. (1990). What We Know—and Don't Know—about Measuring
Conflict. Management Communication Quarterly, 4, 222-243. (DT measure not used)
Kiousis, S. (2002). Killing the Messenger: an exploration of presidential newspaper coverage
and public confidence in the press. Journalism Studies, 3, 557-572. (not empirical)
Kirby, E. G., & Ross, J. K. (2007). Kiasu tendency and tactics: A study of their impact on task
performance. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 8, 108-121. (not
empirical)
Kirkland, J. C. (1987). Demographic, occupational, and personality variables as correlates of
reported satisfaction in police marriages. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University
of Nevada, Reno. (DT measure not used)
Kirkpatrick, L. A., Waugh, C. E., Valencia, A., & Webster, G. D. (2002). The functional domain
specificity of self esteem and the differential prediction of aggression. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 756-767. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Kisfalvi, V., & Pitcher, P. (2003). Doing what feels right. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12,
42-66. (not empirical)
Kish-Gephart, J. J., Harrison, D. A., & Treviño, L. K. (2010). Bad apples, bad cases, and bad
barrels: Meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 95, 1-31. (meta-analysis)
Kitchen, P. J., & Laurence, A. (2003). Corporate reputation: An eight-country analysis.
Corporate Reputation Review, 6, 103-117. (DT measure not used)
Klaas, C., & A. (1978). The effects of experimenter Machiavellianism on subject self-disclosure
in the initial interview. ProQuest Information & Learning, (Doctoral Dissertation,
University of Mississippi). (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Klapprott, J. (1975). Short report on a Machiavellianism scale. Diagnostica, 21, 143-147.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Klaver, J. R., Lee, Z., & Hart, S. D. (2007). Psychopathy and nonverbal indicators of deception
in offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 31, 337-351. (excluded population)
Klein, D. B. (2005). The people’s romance: Why people love government (as much as they do).
Independent Review, 10, 5-37. (not empirical)
Klein, E. B. (1969). Machiavellianism and other personality attributes of psychiatry residents.
International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 15, 216-222. (excluded population)
Kleinman, G., & Palmon, D. (2000). A negotiation-oriented model of auditor-client
relationships. Group Decision and Negotiation, 9, 17-45. (not empirical)
Kline, P. (1983). Machiavellianism and authoritarianism. Personality Study & Group Behaviour,
3, 6-11. (not empirical)
Kline, P., & Cooper, C. (1983). A factor-analytic study of measures of Machiavellianism.
Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 569-571. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Kline, P., & Cooper, C. (1984a). A construct validation of the Objective Analytic Test Battery
(OATB). Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 323-337. (DT measure not used)
Kline, P., & Cooper, C. (1984b). An investigation of the items in the Machiavellian scales. The
Journal of Social Psychology, 124, 251-252. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Klonowicz, T. (1985). Warsaw studies in individual differences. Zeitschriftr Differentielle und
Diagnostische Psychologie, 6, 215-231. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Klonsky, E. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2002). Informant Reports of Personality Disorder: Relation
to Self Reports and Future Research Directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and
Practice, 9, 300-311. (excluded population)
Klopsch, J. W. (1983). Police personality change as measured by the MMPI: A five-year
longitudinal study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Knights, R. M. (1976). The relationship between the selection process and on-the-job
performance of Albuquerque police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of New Mexico. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Knouse, S. B., & Giacalone, R. A. (1992). Ethical decision-making in business: behavioral issues
and concerns. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 369-377. (not empirical)
Kochanska, G., Friesenborg, A. E., Lange, L. A., & Martel, M. M. (2004). Parents' personality
and infants' temperament as contributors to their emerging relationship. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 744-759. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Kohn, P. M., & Macdonald, J. E. (1992). The survey of recent life experiences: A
decontaminated hassles scale for adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 221-236.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Konrath, S. H. (2007). Egos inflating over time: rising narcissism and its implications for selfconstrual, cognitive style, and behavior. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2006). Attenuating the link between threatened
egotism and aggression. Psychological Science, 17, 995-1001. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Grove, T. (2009). Seeing my world in a million little pieces:
Narcissism, self‐construal, and cognitive–perceptual style. Journal of Personality, 77,
1197-1228. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Koper, R. J. (1986). The effects of motivation, probes, and Machiavellianism on nonverbal
behavior and deception detection. ProQuest Information & Learning, Michigan State
University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kornfeld, A. D. (1995). Police officer candidate MMPI-2 performance: Gender, ethnic, and
normative factors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(4), 536-540. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Kosson, D. S., Kelly, J. C., & White, J. W. (1997). Psychopathy-related traits predict selfreported sexual aggression among college men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12,
241-254. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Krampen, G. (1980a). Generalized expectations of alcoholics: Multidimensional locus of control,
hopelessness, and Machiavellianism. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 1022-1023.
(excluded population)
Krampen, G. (1980b). Machiavellianism and locus of control of reinforcement as constructs of
generalized instrumentality beliefs. Psychologische Beitrage, 22, 128-144. (excluded
population)
Krampen, G. (1981). Berufszufriedenheit und Zielorientierungen von Lehrern:
Interdependenzanalyse zweier motivationaler Variablenkomplexe. Psychologie und
Praxis, 25, 45-55. (excluded population)
Krampen, G. N., & Von Eye, A. (1984). Generalized expectations of drug-delinquents, other
delinquents, and a control sample. Addictive Behaviors, 9, 421-423. (excluded
population)
Krampen, G., & Nispel, L. (1978). On the subjective freedom of action of alcoholics.
Zeitschriftar Klinische Psychologie, 7, 295-303. (excluded population)
Kraut, R. E., & Price, J. D. (1976). Machiavellianism in parents and their children. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 782-786. (excluded population)
Kreger, D. W. (1996). Ecotopological psychometrics: Development and validation of a test
instrument. Unpublished Ph.D., The Wright Institute, United States -- California. (DT
meaure not used)
Kreitler, S., & Kreitler, H. (1981). Test item content: Does it matter? Educational and
Psychological Measurement, 41, 635-642. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Krimmel, J. T. (1996). The performance of college-educated police: A study of self-rated police
performance measures. American Journal of Police, 15(1), 85-95. (DT measure not
used)
Kristel, O. V. I. V. (2001). Why we do what others ask of us: The effects of normative
appropriateness, procedural justice, and accountability. Unpublished Ph.D., The Ohio
State University, United States -- Ohio. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kristof-Brown, A., Barrick, M. R., & Franke, M. (2002). Applicant impression management:
Dispositional influences and consequences for recruiter perceptions of fit and similarity.
Journal of Management, 28, 27-46. (DT measure not used)
Krueger Jr, N. F. (2005). Identifying growth opportunities: Testing a personal ‘entrepreneurial
orientation’. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the USASBE Conference, Palm
Springs, CA. (DT measure not used)
Krueger, W. F. (1952). The heritability of total egg producation, its components and body
weight, and their genetic and environmental relationships, in the domestic fowl.
Unpublished Ph.D., University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri. (DT
measure not used)
Kruglanski, A. W., Atash, M., DeGrada, E., Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., & Webster, D. M. (1997).
Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay-saying: Comment on neuberg et
al.'s (1997) critique of the need for closure scale. (not empirical)
Kuang, L. (2009). Understanding individual differences in narcissism through facial processing.
Unpublished Ph.D., Princeton University, United States -- New Jersey. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Kubarych, T. S., Deary, I. J., & Austin, E. J. (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory:
factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 857872. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Küng, H. (1997). A global ethic in an age of globalization. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7, 17-31.
(not empirical)
Kunz, L. (1987). Stress intervention programs for reducing medical costs and accident claims in
a hospital. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1, 257-263. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Kuo Hwang, K., & Marsella, A. J. (1977). The meaning and measurement of Machiavellianism
in Chinese and American college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 101, 165173. (not empirical)
Kureshi, A., & Shafiq, M. (1987). Regional, religious and sex differences in Machiavellianism.
Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 3, 49-53. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Kwan, V. S. Y., John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Kuang, L. L. (2008). Conceptualizing and
assessing self-enhancement bias: A componential approach. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 94, 1062-1077. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Kwang, K. H., & Marsella, A. J. (1977). The meaning and measurement of Machiavellianism in
Chinese and American college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 101, 165-173.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Labak, A. S. (1973). The study of charismatic college teachers. ProQuest Information &
Learning, (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Northern Colorado). (not empirical)
Laczniak, G. R. (1993). Marketing ethics: Onward toward greater expectations. Journal of
Public Policy & Marketing, 91-96. (not empirical)
Ladd, E. R., Welsh, M. C., Vitulli, W. F., Labbe, E. E., & Law, J. G. (1997). Narcissism and
causal attribution. Psychological Reports, 80, 171-178. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Ladkin, J. F. (1971). An investigation of power in an interpersonal situation. ProQuest
Information & Learning, (Doctoral Dissertation, Catholic University of America).
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lake, D. G. (1967). Impression formation, Machiavellianism and interpersonal bargaining.
ProQuest Information & Learning, (Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University).
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lakey, C. E., Rose, P., Campbell, W. K., & Goodie, A. S. (2008). Probing the link between
narcissism and gambling: the mediating role of judgment and decision making biases.
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21, 113-137. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Lambie, G. W. (2007). The Contribution of Ego Development Level to Burnout in School
Counselors: Implications for Professional School Counseling. Journal of Counseling &
Development, 85, 82-88. (DT measure not used)
Lamdan, S., & Lorr, M. (1975). Untangling the structure of Machiavellianism. Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 31, 301-302. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lamm, H., & Myers, D. G. (1976). Machiavellianism, discussion time, and group shift. Social
Behavior and Personality, 4, 41-48. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Landy, F. J. (1976). The validity of the interview in police officer selection. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 61(2), 193-198. (DT measure not used)
Lane, J. C. (1995). Ethics of business students: Some marketing perspectives. Journal of
Business Ethics, 14, 571-580. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lange, A., Rietdijk, D., Hudcovicova, M., Van De Ven, J. P., Schrieken, B., & Emmelkamp, P.
M. G. (2003). Interapy: A controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of
posttraumatic stress through the internet. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
71, 901-909. (lab experiment)
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000).
Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological
Bulletin, 126, 390-423. (references searched)
Lapsley, D. K., & Aalsma, M. C. (2006). An empirical typology of narcissism and mental health
in late adolescence. Journal of adolescence, 29, 53-71. (excluded population)
Larsen, K. S. (1971). Aggression-altruism: A scale and some data on its reliability and validity.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 35, 275-281. (DT measure not used)
Larsen, K. S., & LeRoux, J. (1984). A study of same sex touching attitudes: Scale development
and personality predictors. Journal of Sex Research, 20, 264-278. (DT measure not
used)
Larsen, K. S., Coleman, D., Forbes, J., & Johnson, R. (1972). Is the subject's personality or the
experimental situation a better predictor of a subject's willingness to administer shock to
a victim? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 287-295. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Larsen, K. S., Ommundsen, R., & Elder, R. (1991). Acquired immune deficiency syndrome:
International attitudinal comparisons. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 289-291.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Larwood, L., Wright, T. A., Desrochers, S., & Dahir, V. (1998). Extending latent role and
psychological contract theories to predict intent to turnover and politics in business
organizations. Group & Organization Management, 23, 100-123. (DT measure not
used)
Laski, H. J. (1947). The Crisis in Our Civilization. Foreign Affairs, 26, 36. (not empirical)
Laskowski, L. D. (1998). Personality differences between law-enforcement officers and master’s
level psychology students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Texas A&M University,
Kingsville. (DT measure not used)
LaTorre, R. A., & McLeoad, E. (1978). Machiavellianism and clinical depression in a geriatric
sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 659-660. (excluded population)
Lau, V. P., & Shaffer, M. A. (1999). Career success: The effects of personality. Career
Development International, 4, 225-231. (not empirical)
Laux, J. L. (1975). Dissonance and Machiavellianism: A reassessment and extension.
Unpublished Ph.D., Bowling Green State University, United States -- Ohio. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Le, T. N. (2005). Narcissism and immature love as mediators of vertical individualism and ludic
love style. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 543-560. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Leake, S. A. (1988). Personal characteristics of peace officers: Model traits, self-selection, and
organizational-selection factors in a variety of law enforcement categories, unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of California at Davis. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Leal, A. G. (1980). An investigation of Machiavellianism and locus of control in selected
chicano and angle administrators. Unpublished Educat.D., East Texas State University,
United States -- Texas. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Leary, M. R., Knight, P. D., & Barnes, B. D. (1986). Ethical ideologies of the Machiavellian.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 75-80. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion
and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself
kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887-904. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
LeBreton, J. M., Hargis, M. B., Griepentrog, B., Oswald, F. L., & Ployhart, R. E. (2007). A
multidimensional approach for evaluating variables in organizational research and
practice. Personnel Psychology, 60, 475-498. (DT measure not used)
Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The
role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 131-142. (DT measure
not used)
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality
Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329-358. (DT measure not used)
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2008). The HEXACO personality factors in the indigenous
personality lexicons of English and 11 other languages. Journal of Personality, 76, 10011054. (DT measure not used)
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & Shin, K. H. (2005). Personality correlates of workplace anti social
behavior. Applied Psychology, 54, 81-98. (DT measure not used)
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Morrison, D. L., Cordery, J., & Dunlop, P. D. (2008). Predicting
integrity with the HEXACO personality model: Use of self and observer reports. Journal
of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 147-167. (DT measure not used)
Lee, K., Ogunfowora, B., & Ashton, M. C. (2005). Personality traits beyond the Big Five: Are
they within the HEXACO space? Journal of Personality, 73, 1437-1463. (DT measure
not used)
Lee, M., & Ruhe, J. A. (1999). Ethical mindsets of Christianity and Confucianism: A
comparative study. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 12, 13-27. (DT
measure not used)
Lefebvre, M. (1973). The ingratiation correlates of the Machiavellian. Psychological Belgica, 13,
149-164. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Leitner, D. W., & Sedlacek, W. E. (1976). Characteristics of successful campus police officers.
Journal of College Student Personnel, July, 304-308. (DT measure not used)
Lemkau, J. P. (1980). Personality and background characteristics of women in male-dominated
occupations: A review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 4, 221-240. (not empirical)
Leonard, M. (2003). Marketing literature review. Journal of Marketing, 67, 116-128. (not
empirical)
Leone, C. (2006). Self Monitoring: Individual Differences in Orientations to the Social World.
Journal of Personality, 74, 633-658. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Leone, C., & Corte, V. (1994). Concern for self-presentation and self-congruence: Selfmonitoring, Machiavellianism, and social conflicts. Social Behavior and Personality: an
international journal, 22, 305-312. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lerner, A. W. (1990). The manipulators: Personality and politics in multiple perspectives: L.
Erlbaum Associates. (not empirical)
Lerner, M., & Almor, T. (2002). Relationships among strategic capabilities and the performance
of women owned small ventures. Journal of Small Business Management, 40, 109-125.
(DT measure not used)
Lester, D. (1979). Predictors of graduation from a police training academy. Psychological
Reports, 44, 362. (DT measure not used)
Lester, D. (1985). Graduation from a police training academy: Demographic correlates.
Psychological Reports, 57, 542. (DT measure not used)
Lester, D. (1995). Personality correlates of correctly identifying genuine suicide notes.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80, 890. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Leung, K., Koch, P. T., & Lu, L. (2002). A dualistic model of harmony and its implications for
conflict management in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 201-220. (DT
measure not used)
Levashina, J., & Campion, M. A. (2006). A model of faking likelihood in the employment
interview. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 14, 299-316. (not
empirical)
Levenson, H., & Mahler, I. (1975). Attitudes toward others and components of internal-external
locus of control. Psychological Reports, 36, 209-210. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Levenson, M. R. (1992). Rethinking psychopathy. Theory & Psychology, 2, 51-71. (not
empirical)
Levin, W. C., & Levin, J. (1973). Social comparison of grades: The influence of mode of
comparison and Machiavellianism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 91, 67-72. (not
empirical)
Levine, M. (1979). Development of an MMPI subscale as an aid in police officer selection.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology,
Berkeley. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Levy, K. N., Chauhan, P., Clarkin, J. F., Wasserman, R. H., & Reynoso, J. S. (2009). Narcissistic
pathology: empirical approaches. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 203. (excluded population)
Levy, R. J. (1967). Predicting police failures. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police
Science, 58(2), 265-276. (DT measure not used)
Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and
realities. Academy of Management Review, 23, 438-458. (not empirical)
Lewin, A. Y., & Stephens, C. U. (1994). CEO attitudes as determinants of organization design:
An integrated model. Organization Studies, 15, 183-212. (DT measure not used)
Lewin, A. Y., Long, C. P., & Carroll, T. N. (1999). The coevolution of new organizational
forms. Organization Science, 10, 535-550. (DT measure not used)
Leyerle, B. (1994). The private regulation of American health care ME Sharpe Inc. (not
empirical)
Li, A., & Bagger, J. (2007). The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR).
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 525-544. (DT measure not used)
Lilienfeld, S. O. (1994). Conceptual problems in the assessment of psychopathy. Clinical
Psychology Review, 14, 17-38. (not empirical)
Lilienfeld, S. O. (1996). The MMPI—2 Antisocial Practices Content Scale: Construct validity
and comparison with the Psychopathic Deviate Scale. Psychological Assessment, 8, 281293. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lilienfeld, S. O. (1998). Methodological advances and developments in the assessment of
psychopathy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 99-125. (not empirical)
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a selfreport measure of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal populations. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 66, 488-524. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Fowler, K. A. (2006). The self-report assessment of psychopathy. Handbook
of Psychopathy, , 107–132. (not empirical)
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Hess, T. H. (2001). Psychopathic personality traits and somatization: Sex
differences and the mediating role of negative emotionality. Journal of Psychopathology
and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 11-24. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lilly, J. D., & Virick, M. (2006). The effect of personality on perceptions of justice. Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 21, 438-458. (DT measure not used)
Lim, G. S., & Chan, C. (2001). Ethical values of executive search consultants. Journal of
Business Ethics, 29, 213-226. (DT measure not used)
Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: cyberloafing, neutralizing and
organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 675-694. (DT measure
not used)
Lima, E. (2007). The association between narcissism and implicit self esteem : A test of the
fragile self esteem hypothesis. Unpublished Ph.D., The Florida State University, United
States -- Florida. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lind, E. A., Kulik, C. T., Ambrose, M., & de Vera Park, M. V. (1993). Individual and corporate
dispute resolution: Using procedural fairness as a decision heuristic. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 38, 224-251. (DT measure not used)
Linton, D. K., & Wiener, N. I. (2001). Personality and potential conceptions: Mating success in a
modern Western male sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 675-688.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lipman-Blumen, J. (1996). The connective edge: Leading in an interdependent world: JosseyBass Publishers. (not empirical)
Liska, J., & Hazleton, V. (1990). Deferential language as a rhetorical strategy: The case for
polite disagreement. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 5, 187-198. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Little, A. W. (2003). Motivating learning and the development of human capital. Compare, 33,
437-452. (DT measure not used)
Little, R. W. (1980). Manipulation in interpersonal relationships: A comparative investigation of
the Machiavellian manipulative characteristics of male and female educational
administrators. Unpublished Educat.D., The University of Oklahoma, United States -Oklahoma. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Littrell, R. F. (2002). Desirable leadership behaviours of multi-cultural managers in China.
Journal of Management Development, 21, 5-74. (DT measure not used)
Liu, A., Fellows, R., & Fang, Z. (2003). The power paradigm of project leadership. Construction
Management & Economics, 21, 819-829. (DT measure not used)
Liu, C. C. (2003). The Relationship between Machiavellianism and ethical computer selfefficacy. Journal of Information, Technology and Society, 2, 53-64. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Liu, C. C. (2008). The relationship between Machiavellianism and knowledge sharing
willingness. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 233-240. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Liu, Y., Perrewé, P. L., Hochwarter, W. A., & Kacmar, C. J. (2004). Dispositional antecedents
and consequences of emotional labor at work. Journal of Leadership & Organizational
Studies, 10, 12-25. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Livingstone, L. P., & Roberts, J. A. (1995). Perceptions of internal and external equity as
predictors. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 15, 33-46. (DT measure
not used)
Locke, K. D. (2009). Aggression, narcissism, self esteem , and the attribution of desirable and
humanizing traits to self versus others. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 99-102.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Locke, K. D., & Christensen, L. (2007). Re-construing the relational-interdependent selfconstrual and its relationship with self-consistency. Journal of Research in Personality,
41, 389-402. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., & Mansfield, P. (2000). A review of empirical studies assessing ethical
decision making in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 25, 185-204. (not empirical)
Loftus, S. T., & Glenwick, D. S. (2001). Machiavellianism and empathy in an adolescent
residential psychiatric population. Residential Treatment For Children & Youth, 19, 3957. (excluded population)
Loney, B. R., Taylor, J., Butler, M. A., & Iacono, W. G. (2007). Adolescent psychopathy
features: 6‐Year temporal stability and the prediction of externalizing symptoms during
the transition to adulthood. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 242-252. (excluded population)
Longenecker, J. G., Moore, C. W., Petty, J. W., Palich, L. E., & McKinney, J. A. (2006). Ethical
attitudes in small businesses and large corporations: theory and empirical findings from a
tracking study spanning three decades. Journal of Small Business Management, 44, 167183. (DT measure not used)
Lorr, M., & Strack, S. (1994). Personality profiles of police candidates. Journal of Clinical
Psychology, 50(2), 200-207. (DT measure not used)
Lucas, R. E., Le, K., & Dyrenforth, P. S. (2008). Explaining the extraversion/positive affect
relation: Sociability cannot account for extraverts' greater happiness. Journal of
Personality, 76, 385-414. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Luchner, A. F., Mirsalimi, H., Moser, C. J., & Jones, R. A. (2008). Maintaining boundaries in
psychotherapy: Covert narcissistic personality characteristics and psychotherapists.
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 1-14. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Lukes, T. J. (2004). Martialing Machiavelli: Reassessing the Military Reflections. Journal of
Politics, 66, 1089-1108. (not empirical)
Lundstrom, E. F. (1978). A study of Machiavellian traits of public recreation administrators.
Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Utah, United States -- Utah. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Lynam, D. R. (1996). Early identification of chronic offenders: Who is the fledgling
psychopath?. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 209. (excluded population)
Lynam, D. R. (2002). Psychopathy from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality.
In P. T. Costa & T. A. Widiger (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five factor model.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. (not empirical)
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Using a general model of personality to identify the
basic elements of psychopathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 160-178. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Raine, A., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2005).
Adolescent psychopathy and the Big Five: Results from two samples. Journal of
Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 431-443. (excluded population)
Lynam, D. R., Whiteside, S., & Jones, S. (1999). Self-reported psychopathy: A validation study.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 73, 110-132. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Lynch, D. R., & Evans, T. D. (2002). Attributes of highly effective criminal defense negotiators.
Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 387-396. (DT measure not used)
Lyons, M., & Aitken, S. (2008). Machiavellianism in strangers affects cooperation. Journal of
Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 173-185. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lyons, M., & Aitken, S. (2010). Machiavellian friends? The role of Machiavellianism in
friendship formation and maintenance. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural
Psychology, 4, 194-202. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Lyons, M., Caldwell, T., & Shultz, S. (2010). Mind-reading and manipulation—Is
Machiavellianism related to theory of mind? Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 8, 261274. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ma, Z., & Jaeger, A. (2005). Getting to yes in China: Exploring personality effects in Chinese
negotiation styles. Group Decision and Negotiation, 14, 415-437. (not empirical)
Macpherson, R. J. S., & Vann, B. (1996). Grief and educative leadership. Journal of Educational
Administration, 34, 24-40. (DT measure not used)
Macrosson, W. D. K., & Hemphill, D. J. (2001). Machiavellianism in Belbin team roles. Journal
of Managerial Psychology, 16, 355-364. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Macrosson, W. D., & Semple, J. H. (2001). FIRO-B, Machiavellianism, and teams.
Psychological Reports, 88, 1187-1193. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Madden, B. L. (1990). The police and higher education: A study of the relationship between
higher education and police officer performance. Unpublished master's thesis, University
of Louisville. (DT measure not used)
Madell, J. D., & Washburn, P. V. (1978). Which college major is best for the street cop? The
Police Chief, 45(8), 40-42. (DT measure not used)
Madonna, S., Jr. (1987). Machiavellianism, locus-of-control, and the constructs of receptivity to
the expressive behaviors of others, and self-presentation in identifying manipulative
strategies in college students. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Southern
Mississippi, United States -- Mississippi. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Madonna, S., Wesley, A. L., & Anderson, H. N. (1989). Situational and dispositional social cues
that define the Machiavellian orientation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 129, 79-83.
(correlations not reported)
Madonna, S., Wesley, A. L., Bailey, G. K., & Anderson, H. N. (1988). Machiavellianism as a
strategy of power attainment in college freshmen, upperclassmen, and graduate students
in psychology. Psychological Reports, 62, 953-954. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Mahmut, M. K., Homewood, J., & Stevenson, R. J. (2008). The characteristics of non-criminals
with high psychopathy traits: Are they similar to criminal psychopaths? Journal of
Research in Personality, 42, 679-692. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mahoney, E. R. (1978). Subjective physical attractiveness and self–other orientations.
Psychological Reports, 43, 277-278. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mahoney, J., & Kyle, D. (1976). Personality characteristics of volunteers for thanatological
research. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 7, 51-57. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Maier, R. A., & Ernest, R. C. (1978). Sex differences in the perception of touching. Perceptual
and Motor Skills, 46, 577-578. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Majstorovi, N., Legault, L., & Green-Demers, I. (2008). Measuring selfhood according to selfdetermination theory: Construction and validation of the Ego Functioning Questionnaire
(EFQ). Psihologija, 41, 213-235. (DT measure not used)
Malinowski, C. (2009). The relationship between Machiavellianism and undergraduate student
attitudes about hypothetical marketing moral dilemmas. Competitiveness Review: An
International Business Journal Incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 19,
398-408. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Malloy, D. C., & Agarwal, J. (2003). Factors influencing ethical climate in a nonprofit
organisation: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Nonprofit and
Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8, 224-250. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Malterer, M. B., Lilienfeld, S. O., Neumann, C. S., & Newman, J. P. (2010). Concurrent validity
of the psychopathic personality inventory with offender and community samples.
Assessment, 17, 3-15. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Manley, G. G., Russell, C. J., & Buckley, M. R. (2001). Self-enhancing in perceptions of
behaving unethically. The Journal of Education for Business, 77, 21-27. (DT measure
not used)
Manning, T., & Robertson, B. (2003). Influencing and negotiating skills: some research and
reflections–part II: influencing styles and negotiating skills. Industrial and Commercial
Training, 35, 60-66. (not empirical)
Marcus, B., & Schuler, H. (2004). Antecedents of Counterproductive Behavior at Work: A
General Perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 647-660. (DT measure not
used)
Marcus, B., Höft, S., & Riediger, M. (2006). Integrity tests and the five factor model of
personality: A review and empirical test of two alternative positions. International
Journal of Selection and Assessment, 14, 113-130. (DT measure not used)
Marcus, B., Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2007). Personality dimensions explaining relationships
between integrity tests and counterproductive behavior: big five, or one in addition?
Personnel Psychology, 60, 1-34. (DT measure not used)
Marin, G. (1973). Behavioral interchange and the Dogmatism and Machiavellianism scales.
Revista LatinoAmericana de Psicologica, 5, 257-262. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Markey, P. M., & Markey, C. N. (2006). A spherical conceptualization of personality traits.
European Journal of Personality, 20, 169-193. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Marks, E., & Lindsay, C. A. (1966). Machiavellian attitudes: Some measurement and behavioral
considerations. Sociometry, 29, 228-236. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Maroldo, G. K. (1976). Relationship between Machiavellianism, external control, and cognitive
style among college students. Psychological Reports, 39, 805-806. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Maroldo, G. K., & Flachmeir, L. C. (1978). Machiavellianism, external control, and cognitive
style of American and West German co-eds. Psychological Reports, 42, 1315–1317.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Marsella, A. J., Dubanoski, J., Hamada, W. C., & Morse, H. (2000). The measurement of
personality across cultures. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 41-62. (DT measure not
used)
Marsh, S. H. (1962). Validating the selection of deputy sheriffs. Public Personnel Review, 23,
41-44. (correlations not reported)
Marta, J. K. M., & Singhapakdi, A. (2005). Comparing Thai and US businesspeople: Perceived
intensity of unethical marketing practices, corporate ethical values, and perceived
importance of ethics. International Marketing Review, 22, 562-577. (DT measure not
used)
Marta, J. K. M., Attia, A., Singhapakdi, A., & Atteya, N. (2003). A comparison of ethical
perceptions and moral philosophies of American and Egyptian business students.
Teaching Business Ethics, 7, 1-20. (DT measure not used)
Marta, J. K. M., Singhapakdi, A., & Higgs Kleyn, N. (2001). Corporate ethical values in South
Africa. Thunderbird International Business Review, 43, 755-772. (DT measure not
used)
Martin, H. J., & Larsen, K. S. (1976). Measurement of competitive-cooperative attitudes.
Psychological Reports, 39, 303-306. (DT measure not used)
Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M., & Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and
their relationships with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication flexibility
scale. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 13, 531-540. (not empirical)
Martin, M. M., Myers, S. A., & Mottet, T. P. (2006). Students' Machiavellianism and motives for
communicating with instructors. Psychological Reports, 98, 861-864. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Martinez, D. C. (1979). The structure of Machiavellianism in groups and its relation to
bargaining effectiveness. Unpublished Ph.D., Columbia University, United States -- New
York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Martinez, D. C. (1980). Factorial structure of the MACH V scale for Chicano and White college
students. Psychological Reports, 47, 1139-1142. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Martinez, D. C. (1981a). Differences among Chicano and White students on items of
Machiavellianism scale. Psychological Reports, 48, 433-434. (excluded population)
Martinez, D. C. (1981b). Group composition and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 49,
783-793. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Martinez, D. C. (1987). On the morality of Machiavellian deceivers. Psychology: A Journal of
Human Behavior, 24, 47-56. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Martinez, M. A., Zeichner, A., Reidy, D. E., & Miller, J. D. (2008). Narcissism and displaced
aggression: Effects of positive, negative, and delayed feedback. Personality and
Individual Differences, 44, 140-149. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Marui, I., Bratko, D., & Zarevski, P. (1995). Self-reliance and some personality traits: sex
differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 941-943. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Marvasti, J. (1985). Fathers who commit incest: Jail or treatment? Need for a ' victim oriented
law. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 6, 8-13. (excluded population)
Maslyn, J. M., Farmer, S. M., & Fedor, D. B. (1996). Failed upward influence attempts. Group
& Organization Management, 21, 461-480. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Matarazzo, J. D., Allen, B. V., Saslow, G., & Wiens, A. N. (1964). Characteristics of successful
policemen and firemen applicants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48(2), 123-133.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Matthews, B. L. (1993). Effects of differential work experience on personality characteristics in
police officers and deputies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California Graduate
Institute. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mayes, B. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1988). Exit and voice: A test of hypotheses based on fight/flight
responses to job stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, 199-216. (DT measure
not used)
Mazza, M., De Risio, A., Tozzini, C., Roncone, R., & Casacchia, M. (2003). Machiavellianism
and theory of mind in people affected by schizophrenia. Brain and cognition, 51, 262269. (excluded population)
McAllister, H. A., Baker, J. D., Mannes, C., Stewart, H., & Sutherland, A. (2002). The optimal
margin of illusion hypothesis: Evidence from the self-serving bias and personality
disorders. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21, 414-426. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
McAllister, J. A. (1970). A study of the prediction and measurement of police performance.
Police, 2, 258-64. (DT measure not used)
McBride, R. C. (1995). Machiavellianism among college and university library directors.
Unpublished Ph.D., Saint Louis University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McCann, J. T., & Biaggio, M. K. (1989). Narcissistic personality features and self-reported
anger. Psychological Reports, 64, 55-58. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McClaren, N. (2000). Ethics in personal selling and sales management: A review of the literature
focusing on empirical findings and conceptual foundations. Journal of Business Ethics,
27, 285-303. (not empirical)
McClay, J. D. (1971). Interrelationships of internal vs. external control, social conscience,
interpersonal relationships, Machiavellianism, and facist attitudes among adolescents:
An adlerian oriented investigation. Unpublished Educat.D., Northern Illinois University,
United States -- Illinois. (excluded population)
McClure, T. (2008). Using the Abridged Big Five Circumplex (AB5C) Model to predict
psychopathy. Unpublished M.A., Wayne State University. (DT measure not used)
McConnell, W. A. (1967). Relationship of personal history to success as a police patrolman.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University. (DT measure not used)
McCown, W. G., & Carlson, G. (2004). Narcissism, perfectionism, and self-termination from
treatment in outpatient cocaine users. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior
Therapy, 22, 325-336. (excluded population)
McCrae, R. R., Costa Jr, P. T., & Piedmont, R. L. (1993). Folk concepts, natural language, and
psychological constructs: The California Psychological Inventory and the Five Factor
Model. Journal of Personality, 61, 1-26. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., & Sorensen, G. (1976). Personality correlates of communication
apprehension: A research note. Human Communication Research, 2, 376-380. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
McCutcheon, L. E. (2002). Machiavellianism, belief in a just world, and the tendency to worship
celebrities. Current Research in Social Psychology, 8, 31–39. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
McDonald, J. M., & Keys, J. B. (1993). Developing the Influential Manager: Experiences with
Deans of Business Schools. Journal of Management Development, 12, 13-19. (not
empirical)
McDonough, L. B., & Monahan, J. (1975). The quality control of community caretakers: A study
of mental health screening in a sheriff’s department. Community Mental Health Journal,
11(1), 33-43. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McEuen, O. L. (1981). Assessment of some personality traits that show a relationship to
academy grades, being dismissed from the department, and work evaluation ratings for
police officers in Atlanta, Georgia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Fielding
Institute. (DT measure not used)
McFarland, R. G. (2003). Crisis of conscience: The use of coercive sales tactics and resultant felt
stress in the salesperson. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 23, 313326. (DT measure not used)
McGreevy, T. J. (1964). A field study of the relationship between the formal education levels of
556 police officers in St. Louis, Missouri, and their patrol duty performance records.
Unpublished master’s thesis, Michigan State University. (DT measure not used)
McGuire, D., & Hutchings, K. (2006). A Machiavellian analysis of organisational change.
Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19, 192-209. (not empirical)
McHoskey, J. W. (1999). Machiavellianism, intrinsic versus extrinsic goals, and social interest:
A self-determination theory analysis. Motivation and Emotion, 23, 267-283. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
McHoskey, J. W. (2001a). Machiavellianism and personality dysfunction. Personality and
Individual Differences, 31, 791-798. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McHoskey, J. W. (2001b). Machiavellianism and sexuality: On the moderating role of biological
sex. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 779-789. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
McHoskey, J. W., Hicks, B., Betris, T., Szyarto, C., Worzel, W., Kelly, K., et al. (1999).
Machiavellianism, adjustment, and ethics. Psychological Reports, 85, 138-142. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
McIlwain, D. (2003). Bypassing empathy: A Machiavellian theory of mind and sneaky power.
Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical
development, 39-66. (not empirical)
McIlwraith, R. D., & Schallow, J. R. (1983). Adult fantasy life and patterns of media use.
Journal of Communication, 33, 78-91. (not empirical)
McIntyre, M. H., Barrett, E. S., McDermott, R., Johnson, D. D. P., Cowden, J., & Rosen, S. P.
(2007). Finger length ratio (2D: 4D) and sex differences in aggression during a simulated
war game. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 755-764. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
McKay, R. B., Kidwell, L. A., & Kling, J. A. (2007). Faculty ethics from the perspective of
college of business administrators. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 10,
105-124. (DT measure not used)
McKay, S., & Tate, U. (2001). Student attitudes regarding gender bias in performance
evaluations of salespeople. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16, 249-258. (DT
measure not used)
McLaughlin, B. (1970). Incidental learning and Machiavellianism. The Journal of Social
Psychology, 82, 109-116. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McLean, P. A., & Brian Jones, D. G. (1992). Machiavellianism and business education.
Psychological Reports, 71, 57-58. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
McMahon, J. M., & Harvey, R. J. (2006). An analysis of the factor structure of Jones’ moral
intensity construct. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 381-404. (not empirical)
McMahon, J. M., & Harvey, R. J. (2007). The effect of moral intensity on ethical judgment.
Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 335-357. (DT measure not used)
McMillan, L. H. W., O'Driscoll, M. P., Marsh, N. V., & Brady, E. C. (2001). Understanding
workaholism: data synthesis, theoretical critique, and future design strategies.
International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 69-91. (DT measure not used)
McMurran, M., & Howard, R. C. (2009). Personality, personality disorder and violence (Vol.
42): Wiley. (not empirical)
McNamara, P., Durso, R., & Harris, E. (2007). Machiavellianism" and frontal dysfunction:
Evidence from Parkinson's disease. Cognitive neuropsychiatry, 12, 285-300. (not
empirical)
McPhee, R. D. (1988). Vertical communication chains. Management Communication Quarterly,
1, 455-493. (not empirical)
McQuilkin, J. I., Russell, V. L., Frost, A. G., & Faust, W. R. (1990). Psychological test validity
for selecting law enforcement officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration,
17(4), 289-294. (DT measure not used)
Mealey, L., & Kinner, S. (2003). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and theory of mind. The Social
Brain, , 355-372. (not empirical)
Mealia, R. M. (1990). Background factors and police performance. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, State University of New York, Albany. (DT measure not used)
Mégret, F. (2002). The Politics of International Criminal Justice. EJIL, 13, 1261-1284. (not
empirical)
Mehra, A., Kilduff, M., & Brass, D. J. (2001). The social networks of high and low selfmonitors: Implications for workplace performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46,
121-146. (DT measure not used)
Meiring, D., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Rothmann, S., & Sackett, P. R. Internal and external bias of
cognitive and personality measures in South Africa. Unpublished manuscript. (DT
measure not used)
Mellor, S. (2009). Self evaluation and union interest: The empirical relevance of a mediated
model. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 369-390. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Meloy, J. R., & Gothard, S. (1995). Demographic and clinical comparison of obsessional
followers and offenders with mental disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152,
258-263. (excluded population)
Mendoza, R., Collins, F., & Holzmann, O. J. (1997). Central American budgeting scorecard:
Cross cultural insights. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 6,
191-209. (DT measure not used)
Mengüç, B. (1998). Organizational consequences, marketing ethics and salesforce supervision:
further empirical evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 333-352. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Merelman, R. M. (1983). The three faces of David Stockman: A sketch in aid of journalists.
Political Psychology, 4, 87-100. (not empirical)
Merian, E. M., Stefan, D., Schoenfeld, L. S., & Kobos, J. C. (1980). Screening of police
applicants: A 5-item MMPI research index. Psychological Reports, 47,155-158. (DT
measure not used)
Merrill, J. M., Camacho, Z., Laux, L. F., Lorimor, R., Thornby, J. I., & Vallbona, C. (1994).
Uncertainties and ambiguities: measuring how medical students cope. Medical education,
28, 316-322. (DT measure not used)
Merrill, J. M., Laux, L. F., Lorimor, R., Thornby, J. I., & Vallbona, C. (1996). Using attribution
theory models to predict senior medical students' perceptions of patients and career
choice. Academic Medicine, 71, S67. (DT measure not used)
Meunier, G. F., Koontz, T., & Weller, R. (1995). Psychological characteristics of reserve police
officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 11(1), 57-59. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Meyer, H. D. (1992). Norms and self-interest in ultimatum bargaining: The prince's prudence.
Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 215-232. (not empirical)
Michael, J. (1997). A conceptual framework for aligning managerial behaviors with cultural
work values. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 7, 81-101. (not
empirical)
Michals, J. E., & Higgins, J. M. (1994). Effects of education level on performance of campus
police officers. Paper presented at the annual graduate conference in
Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Chicago, IL. (DT
measure not used)
Midlarsky, E., Hannah, M. E., & Corley, R. (1995). Assessing adolescents' prosocial behavior:
the Family Helping Inventory. Adolescence, 30, 141-141. (excluded population)
Miles, D. E., Borman, W. E., Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). Building an integrative model of
extra role work behaviors: A comparison of counterproductive work behavior with
organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment,
10, 51-57. (DT measure not used)
Miller, A. G., & Minton, H. L. (1969). Machiavellianism, internal-external control, and the
violation of experimental instructions. The Psychological Record, 19, 369-380. (DT
measure not used)
Miller, A. G., & Morrison, B. J. (1971). Disposition toward military service: A psychological
inquiry. American Psychologist, 26, 741-746. (DT measure not used)
Miller, G. F. (2007). Sexual selection for moral virtues. Quarterly Review of Biology, 82, 97-125.
(DT measure not used)
Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Comparing clinical and Social‐Personality
conceptualizations of narcissism. Journal of Personality, 76, 449-476. (DT measure not
used)
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2003). Psychopathy and the five-factor model of personality: A
replication and extension. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 168-178. (DT measure
not used)
Miller, J. D., Campbell, W. K., Young, D. L., Lakey, C. E., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., et al.
(2009a). Examining the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and self defeating
behaviors. Journal of Personality, 77, 761-794. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching
for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and
borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 1529-1564. (excluded
population)
Miller, J. D., Gaughan, E. T., & Pryor, L. R. (2008). The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy
Scale. Assessment, 15, 450-463. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Miller, J. D., Gaughan, E. T., Pryor, L. R., Kamen, C., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). Is research
using the narcissistic personality inventory relevant for understanding narcissistic
personality disorder? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 482-488. (excluded
population)
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). An examination of the
factor structure of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder Criteria: One or two
factors? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 141-145. (excluded population)
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., & Leukefeld, C. (2001). Personality Disorders as
Extreme Variants of Common Personality Dimensions: Can the Five Factor Model
Adequately Represent Psychopathy? Journal of Personality, 69, 253-276. (excluded
population)
Miller, J. D., Pilkonis, P. A., & Clifton, A. (2005). Self-and other-reports of traits from the fivefactor model: Relations to personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19,
400-419. (excluded population)
Miller, J., Gaughan, E., Pryor, L., Kamen, C., & Campbell, W. (2009). Is research using the
narcissistic personality inventory relevant for understanding narcissistic personality
disorder? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 482-488. (excluded population)
Miller, L. (2003). Personalities at work: Understanding and managing human nature on the job.
Public Personnel Management, 32, 419-434. (DT measure not used)
Miller, L. (2006). Suicide by cop: Causes, reactions, and practical intervention strategies.
International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 8, 165-174. (DT measure not used)
Milliken, J. (2002). Qualifying for leadership or control masquerading as enlightenment?
International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15, 281-295. (DT measure not
used)
Mills, A. (1990). Predicting police performance for differing gender and ethnic groups: A
longitudinal study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional
Psychology. (DT measure not used)
Mills, B., & Aldag, R. J. (1999). Exploring the relationships between object relations/reality
testing functioning, coping styles, and somatic tension. Journal of Business and
Psychology, 14, 5-24. (DT measure not used)
Mills, C. J., & Bohannon, W. E. (1980). Personality characteristics of effective state police
officers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(6), 680-684. (DT measure not used)
Mills, M. C., & Stratton, J. G. (1982). The MMPI and the prediction of police job performance.
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, February, 10-15. (correlations not reported)
Mills, R. B., McDevitt, R. J., & Tonkin, S. (1966). Situational tests in metropolitan police recruit
selection. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 57(1), 99-106.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Milord, J. T., & Perry, R. P. (1977). Traits and performance of automobile salesmen. The
Journal of Social Psychology, 103, 163-164. (DT measure not used)
Mitchell, M. D. (1967). Machiavellianism, control, and social desirability: Their relation to
certain outcomes of human relations training. Unpublished Ph.D., Purdue University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mitchell, T. R., Daniels, D., Hopper, H., George-Falvy, J., & Ferris, G. R. (1996). Perceived
correlates of illegal behavior in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 439-455.
(DT measure not used)
Miyazaki, A. D., Brumbaugh, A. M., & Sprott, D. E. (2001). Promoting and countering
consumer misconceptions of random events: The case of perceived control and statesponsored lotteries. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20, 254-267. (DT measure
not used)
Moberg, P. J. (2001). Linking conflict strategy to the five-factor model: Theoretical and
empirical foundations. International Journal of Conflict Management, 12, 47-68. (DT
measure not used)
Moisi, D. (1981). Mitterrand's Foreign Policy: The Limits of Continuity. Foreign Affairs, 60,
347-357. (not empirical)
Molden, D. C., & Finkel, E. J. Motivations for promotion and prevention and the role of trust and
commitment in interpersonal forgiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
46, 255-268. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Monga, M. (2005). Value orientations: A case study of north Indian manufacturing managers.
Journal of Management Development, 24, 632-644. (DT measure not used)
Monopoli, P. A. (2006). Gender and constitutional design. The Yale Law Journal, 115, 26432651. (not empirical)
Moore, R. S., & Radloff, S. E. (1996). Attitudes towards business ethics held by South African
students. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 863-869. (DT measure not used)
Moore, S. (1993). Machiavellianism and nursing. Unpublished Ph.D., Saint Louis University,
United States -- Missouri. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Moore, S. (1995). Machiavellian characteristics among nurses. Nursing Management, 26, 58.
(repeat sample)
Moore, S., & Katz, B. (1995). Machiavellian scores of nursing faculty and students.
Psychological Reports, 77, 383-386. (repeat sample)
Moore, S., & Katz, B. (1997). Surgical residents' scores on measures of Machiavellianism and
physicians' uncertainty. Psychological Reports, 80, 456-458. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Moore, S., Katz, B., & Holder, J. (1995). Machiavellianism and medical career choices.
Psychological Reports, 76, 803-807. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Moore, S., Ward, M. D., & Katz, B. (1996). Machiavellianism and radiographer job satisfaction.
Radiologic technology, 68, 122-126. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Morey, L. C., & Lowmaster, S. E. (1999). Personality assessment inventory. Corsini
Encyclopedia of Psychology. (not empirical)
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Expanding the dynamic self-regulatory processing model
of narcissism: Research directions for the future. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 243-251.
(not empirical)
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic selfregulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196. (not empirical)
Morf, C. C., Weir, C., & Davidov, M. (2000). Narcissism and intrinsic motivation: The role of
goal congruence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 424-438. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Morgan, J. R. (1978). Personality, sex, setting, and position factors in interpersonal influence.
Unpublished Ph.D., Temple University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Morman, R. R., Hankey, R. O., Heywood, H. L., & Kennedy, P. K. (1965). Multiple
relationships of TAV selection system predictors to state traffic officer performance,
Police, July-August, 41-44. (DT measure not used)
Morman, R. R., Hankey, R. O., Heywood, H. L., & Liddle, R. (1966). Predicting state traffic
cadet academic performance from theoretical TAV selection system scores, Police, JulyAugust, 54-58. (DT measure not used)
Morman, R. R., Hankey, R. O., Kennedy, P. K., & Heywood, H. L. (1965). Predicting state
traffic officer performance with TAV selection system theoretical scoring keys, Police,
May-June, 70-73. (DT measure not used)
Morman, R. R., Hankey, R. O., Kennedy, P. K., & Jones, E. M. (1966). Academy achievement
of state traffic officer cadets related to TAV selection system plus other variables, Police,
July-August, 30-34. (DT measure not used)
Morrell, K., & Hartley, J. (2006). A model of political leadership. Human Relations, 59, 483504. (DT measure not used)
Morris, J. A., Brotheridge, C. M., & Urbanski, J. C. (2005). Bringing humility to leadership:
Antecedents and consequences of leader humility. Human Relations, 58, 1323-1350. (not
empirical)
Morris, M. H., Marks, A. S., Allen, J. A., & Peery, N. S. (1996). Modeling ethical attitudes and
behaviors under conditions of environmental turbulence: The case of South Africa.
Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1119-1130. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., Walton, J., & Allen, J. (2002). The ethical context of
entrepreneurship: Proposing and testing a developmental framework. Journal of Business
Ethics, 40, 331-361. (not empirical)
Morris, M., & Schindehutte, M. (2005). Entrepreneurial values and the ethnic enterprise: An
examination of six subcultures. Journal of Small Business Management, 43, 453-479.
(not empirical)
Morrison, E. (2010). From the editors: OB in AMJ: What is hot and what is not? The Academy of
Management Journal (AMJ), 53, 932-936. (not empirical)
Morrison, E. W., & Bies, R. J. (1991). Impression management in the feedback-seeking process:
A literature review and research agenda. Academy of Management Review, 16, 522-541.
(not empirical)
Moss, J. (2005). Race Effects on the employee assessing political leadership: A review of
Christie and Geis'(1970) Mach IV measure of Machiavellianism. Journal of Leadership
& Organizational Studies, 11, 26-33. (not empirical)
Moss, J. A. (2006). Testing the relationship between interpersonal political skills, altruism,
leadership success and effectiveness: A multilevel model. Unpublished Ph.D., The
University of Nebraska - Lincoln. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Moss, J. A., & Barbuto Jr, J. E. (2004). Machiavellianism's association with sources of
motivation and downward influence strategies. Psychological Reports, 94, 933-943.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Moss, S. A., & Ngu, S. (2006). The relationship between personality and leadership preferences.
Current Research in Social Psychology, 11, 70-91. (DT measure not used)
Mosser, N. R. (2000). A study of the relationship between the perceived leadership style of
nursing chairpersons and the organizational climate in baccalaureate nursing programs.
Unpublished Ed.D., West Virginia University, United States -- West Virginia. (DT
measure not used)
Mostafa, M. M. (2007). A study of Machiavellian orientation among marketing students in
Egypt. College Student Journal, 41, 223-240. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Motowildo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (1997). A theory of individual differences in
task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 10, 71-83. (not empirical)
Mowday, R. T. (1979). Leader characteristics, self-confidence, and methods of upward influence
in organizational decision situations. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 709-725. (DT
measure not used)
Mudrack, P. (2007). Individual personality factors that affect normative beliefs about the
rightness of corporate social responsibility. Business & Society, 46, 33-62. (DT measure
not used)
Mudrack, P. E. (1989). Age-related differences in Machiavellianism in an adult sample.
Psychological Reports, 64, 1047-1050. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mudrack, P. E. (1990). Machiavellianism and locus of control: A meta-analytic review. The
Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 125-126. (also searched the full reference list)
Mudrack, P. E. (1992). Additional evidence on age-related differences in Machiavellianism in an
adult sample. Psychological Reports, 70, 1210. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Mudrack, P. E. (1993). An investigation into the acceptability of workplace behaviors of a
dubious ethical nature. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 517-524. (DT measure not used)
Mudrack, P. E. (2003). The untapped relevance of moral development theory in the study of
business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 225-236. (DT measure not used)
Mudrack, P. E. (2006). 'Work' or 'leisure'? The protestant work ethic and participation in an
employee fitness program. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 81-88. (DT measure
not used)
Mudrack, P. E., & Mason, E. S. (1995a). Extending the Machiavellianism construct: A brief
measure and some unexplored relationships. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality,
10, 187-200. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mudrack, P. E., & Mason, E. S. (1995b). More on the acceptability of workplace behaviors of a
dubious ethical nature. Psychological Reports, 76, 639-648. (DT measure not used)
Mudrack, P. E., & Mason, E. S. (1996). Individual ethical beliefs and perceived organizational
interests. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 851-861. (DT measure not used)
Mudrack, P. E., Mason, E. S., & Stepeanski, K. M. (1999). Equity sensitivity and business ethics.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 539-560. (DT measure not
used)
Mueller-Hanson, R. A., Heggestad, E. D., & Thornton, G. C. (2006). Individual differences in
impression management: an exploration of the psychological processes underlying
faking. Psychology Science, 48, 288-312. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mufson, D. W., & Mufson, M. A. (1998). Predicting police officer performance using the Inwald
Personality Inventory: An Illustration from Appalachia. Professional Psychology:
Research and Practice, 29(1), 59-62. (DT measure not used)
Mukherji, J., & Mukheji, A. (2002). The relationship among knowledge, opportunity, and ethical
perceptions: A cross-national investigation. Teaching Business Ethics, 6, 219-243. (not
empirical)
Mulla, Z. R., & Krishnan, V. R. (2008). Karma-Yoga, the Indian Work Ideal, and its
Relationship with Empathy. Psychology & Developing Societies, 20, 27-49. (DT
measure not used)
Mulligan, J. E. (1983). Voting and ratings of political candidates as a function of type and
amount of advertising and Machiavellianism of subjects. Unpublished Ph.D., Hofstra
University, United States -- New York. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Mullineaux, J. E. (1965). An evaluation of the predictors used to select patrolmen. Public
Personnel Review, 16, 84-86. (DT measure not used)
Mullins, L. S., & Kopelman, R. E. (1988). Toward an assessment of the construct validity of four
measures of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 610-625. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Mullins, W. C. (1990). Predicting police officer performance from a psychological screening
battery. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Police and Criminal
Psychology. (DT measure not used)
Mullins, W. C., & McMains, M. (1996). Predicting patrol officer performance from a
psychological assessment battery: A predictive validity study. Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 10(4), 15-25. (DT measure not used)
Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T., & Leistico, A. (2006). Psychopathy, empathy, and
perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful
psychopathy concept. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5, 133-149. (DT
measure not used)
Mumford, M. D., & Helton, W. B. (2002). Organizational influences on scientific integrity.
Proceeddings: Investigating Research Integrity. Paper presented at the annual meeting of
the. (DT measure not used)
Mumford, M. D., Baughman, W. A., Threlfall, K. V., Uhlman, C. E., & Costanza, D. P. (1993).
Personality, adaptability, and performance: performance on well-defined problem sovling
tasks. Human Performance, 6, 241-285. (DT measure not used)
Mumford, M. D., Connelly, M. S., Helton, W. B., Strange, J. M., & Osburn, H. K. (2001). On the
construct validity of integrity tests: Individual and situational factors as predictors of test
performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 240-257. (DT
measure not used)
Mumford, M. D., Costanza, D. P., Connelly, M. S., & Johnson, J. F. (1996). Item generation
procedures and background data scales: Implications for construct and criterion related
validity. Personnel Psychology, 49, 361-398. (DT measure not used)
Muñoz, L. C., Khan, R., & Cordwell, L. (2011). Sexually coercive tactics used by university
students: A clear role for primary psychopathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 2840. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Munro, D., Bore, M., & Powis, D. (2005). Personality factors in professional ethical behaviour:
Studies of empathy and narcissism. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57, 49-60.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Muris, P., Schmidt, H., Merckelbach, H., & Rassin, E. (2000). Reliability, factor structure and
validity of the Dutch Eysenck Personality Profiler. Personality and Individual
Differences, 29, 857-868. (DT measure not used)
Murphy, C. M. (1973). Human physical instrumental aggression: A study of the effects of
competition versus cooperation, amount of monetary reward, degree of instrumentality,
and Machiavellianism. Unpublished Ph.D., Northwestern University, United States -Illinois. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Murray, L. W., & Okanes, M. M. (1980). On age and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports,
46, 1006. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Murrell, D. B. (1982). The influence of education on police work performance. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Florida State University. (DT measure not used)
Musser, S. J., & Orke, E. A. (1992). Ethical value systems: A typology. The Journal of applied
behavioral science, 28, 348-362. (DT measure not used)
Myer, J. C. (1968). Erasmus, luther, and Machiavelli: A study of dissonance. Psychology: A
Journal of Human Behavior, 5, 42-44. (not empirical)
Myers, E. M., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2008). No shades of gray: Splitting and self esteem instability.
Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 139-145. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Nachamie, S. S. (1969). Machiavellianism in children: The children's Mach scale and the
bluffing game. Unpublished Ph.D., Columbia University, United States -- New York.
(excluded population)
Nadesan, M. H. (1999). The discourses of corporate spiritualism and evangelical capitalism.
Management Communication Quarterly, 13, 3-42. (excluded population)
Nathanson, A. K., & Paulhus, D. L. (2005). Interpersonal consequences of insecure high self
esteem . Poster presented at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and
Social Psychology. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ndubisi, N. O., & Kahraman, C. (2005). Malaysian women entrepreneurs: understanding the ICT
usage behaviors and drivers. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 18, 721739. (DT measure not used)
Neal, B. (1986). The K scale (MMPI) and job performance. In Reese, J. T. & Goldstein, H. A.
(Eds). Psychological services for law enforcement, pp 83-90. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office. (DT measure not used)
Nebenzahl, I. D., Jaffe, E. D., & Kavak, B. (2001). Consumers' punishment and rewarding
process via purchasing behavior. Teaching Business Ethics, 5, 283-305. (DT measure
not used)
Nedd, A. N., & Marsh, N. R. (1979). Social traditionalism and personality: An empirical
investigation of the interrelationships between social values and personality attributes.
International Journal of Psychology, 14, 73-82. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Nedd, A. N., & Marsh, N. R. (1980). A cross-cultural test of the personality integration
hypothesis. Journal of Personality, 48, 293-305. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Neelankavil, J. P., Mathur, A., & Zhang, Y. (2000). Determinants of managerial performance: A
cross-cultural comparison of the perceptions of middle-level managers in four countries.
Journal of International Business Studies, 31, 121-140. (DT measure not used)
Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self
and Identity, 2, 223-250. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self compassion versus global self esteem: Two different ways
of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23-50. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Neider, L. (1987). A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida. Journal of
Small Business Management, 25. (DT measure not used)
Nelson, G., & Gilbertson, D. (1991). Machiavellianism revisited. Journal of Business Ethics, 10,
633-639. (not empirical)
Nemeth, Y. M. (2001). Predictive validity of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire in the preemployment selection of police officers. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of South
Alabama. (DT measure not used)
Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links
to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
76, 893. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Newman, J. P. (2007). The super-ordinate nature of the
psychopathy checklist-revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 102-117. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Neumann, C. S., Malterer, M. B., & Newman, J. P. (2008). Factor structure of the psychopathic
personality inventory (PPI): Findings from a large incarcerated sample. Psychological
Assessment, 20, 169. (excluded population)
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Eby, L. T. (2006). Locus of control at work: a meta analysis.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1057-1087. (meta-analysis)
Nicholson, N. (1994). Ethics in organizations: a framework for theory and research. Journal of
Business Ethics, 13, 581-596. (DT measure not used)
Nickell, G. S. (1982). Nonverbal expressiveness and Machiavellianism in a mixed-motive
conflict situation. Unpublished Ph.D., Oklahoma State University, United States -Oklahoma. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Nigro, G. (1988). La versione italiana del Kiddie Mach Test. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata,
185, 47-54. (excluded population)
Nigro, G., & Galli, I. (1985a). On the relationship between Machiavellianism and anxiety among
Italian undergraduates. Psychological Reports, 56, 37-38. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Nigro, G., & Galli, I. (1985b). Sex-role identity and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports,
56, 863-866. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Nills, A. L., & Shultz, C. J. (1997). Marketing ethics across cultures: decision-making guidelines
and the emergence of dialogic idealism. Journal of Macromarketing, 17, 4-19. (not
empirical)
Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2007). Strategic management as distributed practical wisdom
(phronesis). Industrial and Corporate Change, 16, 371-394. (not empirical)
Nover, A. G., & Tyson, R. L. (2001). The analysis of a prelatency girl with a visual handicap. In
Analysis of the under-five child. (pp. 127-152). New Haven, CT US: Yale University
Press. (excluded population)
Novgorodoff, B. D. (1974). Boy meets girl: Machiavellianism and romantic attraction.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 307-309. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Nowicki, S. (1966). A study of the personality characteristics of successful policemen. Police,
10, 39-41. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Nwachukwu, S. L. S., & Vitell, S. J. (1997). The influence of corporate culture on managerial
ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 757-776. (DT measure not used)
Nyhus, E. K., & Pons, E. (2005). The effects of personality on earnings. Journal of Economic
Psychology, 26, 363-384. (not empirical)
O’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2005). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making
literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 375-413. (not empirical)
O'Brien, G. M. S. L. (1970). The effects of information accessibility and Machiavellianism on
interpersonal perception and bargaining behavior. Unpublished Ph.D., Boston
University Graduate School, United States -- Massachusetts. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
O'Connor, E. M., & Simms, C. M. (1990). Self-revelation as manipulation: The effects of sex
and Machiavellianism on self-disclosure. Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 95-99.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
O'Connor, M. C., & Paunonen, S. V. (2007). Big Five personality predictors of post-secondary
academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 971-990. (DT
measure not used)
O'Connor, P. J., & Jackson, C. (2008). Learning to be saints or sinners: The indirect pathway
from sensation seeking to behavior through mastery orientation. Journal of Personality,
76, 733-752. (not empirical)
O'Connor, W. E. (1998). Application of social role theory to the phenomena of perceived and
self-reported use of organizational political behaviour. Unpublished Ph.D., Carleton
University (Canada), Canada. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
O'Connor, W. E., & Morrison, T. G. (2001). A comparison of situational and dispositional
predictors of perceptions of organizational politics. The Journal of Psychology:
Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135, 301-312. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
O'Donovan, T. R. (1962). Opportunism and executive behavior. Human Resource Management,
1, 6-9. (not empirical)
Ofton, M. A. (1979). The relationship between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI) profiles of police recruits and performance ratings in their rookie year.
Unpublished master’s thesis, Abilene Christian University. (correlations not reported)
O'Hair, D., & Cody, M. J. (1987). Machiavellian beliefs and social influence. Western Journal of
Speech Communication, 51, 297-303. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
O'Hair, H. D., Cody, M. J., & McLaughlin, M. L. (1981). Prepared lies, spontaneous lies,
Machiavellianism, and nonverbal communication. Human Communication Research, 7,
325-339. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ojha, H. (2007). Parent-Child Interaction and Machiavellian Orientation. Journal of the Indian
Academy of Applied Psychology, 33, 285-289. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Okanes, M. M. (1974). Machiavellian attitudes and choice of values among students in a
business college. Psychological Reports, 35, 255-259. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Okanes, M. M., & Murray, L. W. (1980). Manipulative tendencies and social insight in a hospital
setting. Psychological Reports, 47, 991-994. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Okanes, M. M., & Murray, L. W. (1982). Machiavellian and achievement orientations among
foreign and American master's students in business administration. Psychological
Reports, 50, 519-526. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Oksenberg, L. E. (1968). Machiavellianism and organizations in five-man task-oriented groups.
Unpublished Ph.D., Columbia University, United States -- New York. (lab experiment)
Olasehinde, M. O. (1973). The changing perceptions of family power structure and manipulative
behavior among Yoruba children. Unpublished Ph.D., Columbia University, United
States -- New York. (excluded population)
Olekalns, M., & Smith, P. L. (2003). Social motives in negotiation: The relationships between
dyad composition, negotiation processes and outcomes. International Journal of Conflict
Management, 14, 233-254. (not empirical)
Oleson, K. C., Poehlmann, K. M., Yost, J. H., Lynch, M. E., & Arkin, R. M. (2000). Subjective
Overachievement: Individual Differences in self doubt and concern with performance.
Journal of Personality, 68, 491-524. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Oliver, M. (1980). The relationship among androgyny, Machiavellianism and perceived career
goal. Unpublished Educat.D., East Texas State University. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Oltmanns, T. F., Fiedler, E. R., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Traits associated with personality
disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports.
Military Medicine, 169, 207-211. (DT measure not used)
Ommundsen, R., & Larsen, K. S. (1999). Attitudes toward illegal immigration in Scandinavia
and United States. Psychological Reports, 84, 1331-1338. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
O'Neill, B. S., & Adya, M. (2007). Knowledge sharing and the psychological contract: Managing
knowledge workers across different stages of employment. Journal of Managerial
Psychology, 22, 411-436. (not empirical)
Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Reiss, A. D. (1996). Role of social desirability in personality
testing for personnel selection: The red herring. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 660679. (DT measure not used)
Ong, J. H. (1973). The Machiavellian in the symbolic interaction framework. Unpublished Ph.D.,
Indiana University. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Orbell, J., Morikawa, T., Hartwig, J., Hanley, J., & Allen, N. (2004). “Machiavellian”
intelligence as a basis for the evolution of cooperative dispositions. American Political
Science Review, 98, 1-15. (not empirical)
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time. Human
Performance, 10, 85-97. (not empirical)
Ortner, T. M. (2004). On changing the position of items in personality questionnaires–analysing
effects of item sequence using IRT. Psychology Science, 46, 466-476. (DT measure not
used)
Osborn, S. M., Field, H. S., & Veres, J. G. (1998). Introversion-extraversion, self-monitoring,
and applicant performance in a situational panel interview: A field study. Journal of
Business and Psychology, 13, 143-156. (DT measure not used)
Oser, F. K. (1994). Moral perspectives on teaching. Review of research in education, 20, 57-127.
(not empirical)
O'Shea, P. G., & Bush, D. F. (2002). Negotiation for starting salary: Antecedents and outcomes
among recent college graduates. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16, 365-382. (DT
measure not used)
Otter, Z., & Egan, V. (2007). The evolutionary role of self-deceptive enhancement as a
protective factor against antisocial cognitions. Personality and Individual Differences, 43,
2258-2269. (DT measure not used)
Otway, L. J., & Vignoles, V. L. (2006). Narcissism and childhood recollections: A quantitative
test of psychoanalytic predictions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 104.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Overbeek, G., Biesecker, G., Kerr, M., Stattin, H. k., Meeus, W., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2006).
Co-occurrence of depressive moods and delinquency in early adolescence: The role of
failure expectations, manipulativeness, and social contexts. International Journal of
Behavioral Development, 30, 433-443. (excluded population)
Paal, T., & Bereczkei, T. (2007). Adult theory of mind, cooperation, Machiavellianism: The
effect of mindreading on social relations. Personality and Individual Differences, 43,
541-551. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pagon, M. (1994). A person-situation debate: The case of impressions formed in response to an
impression management attempt. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Arkansas, United
States -- Arkansas. (not empirical)
Palombo, B. J. (1995). Academic Professionalism in Law Enforcement. New York: Garland
Publishing. (DT measure not used)
Pandey, J. (1981). Effects of Machiavellianism and degree of organizational formalization on
ingratiation. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 24, 4146. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pandey, J. (1988). Social influence processes. In Psychology in India: The state-of-the-art, Vol.
I: Personality and mental processes; Vol. II: Basic and applied social psychology; Vol.
III: Organizational behaviour and mental health. (pp. 55-93). Thousand Oaks, CA US:
Sage Publications, Inc. (not empirical)
Pandey, J., & Rastogi, R. (1979). Machiavellianism and ingratiation. The Journal of Social
Psychology, 108, 221-225. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pandey, J., & Singh, A. K. (1986). Attribution and evaluation of manipulative social behavior.
The Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 735-744. (DT measure not used)
Pandey, J., & Singh, P. (1987). Effects of Machiavellianism, other-enhancement, and powerposition on affect, power feeling, and evaluation of the ingratiator. Journal of
Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 12, 287-300. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Panitz, E. (1989). Psychometric investigation of the MACH IV scale measuring
Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 64, 963-968. (not empirical)
Paolillo, J. G. P., & Vitell, S. J. (2002). An empirical investigation of the influence of selected
personal, organizational and moral intensity factors on ethical decision making. Journal
of Business Ethics, 35, 65-74. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Papps, B. P., & O'Carroll, R. E. (1998). Extremes of self esteem and narcissism and the
experience and expression of anger and aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 24, 421-438.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Parales Quenza, C. J. (2006). Astuteness, trust, and social intelligence. Journal for the theory of
social behaviour, 36, 39-56. (not empirical)
Park, H., & Stoel, L. (2005). A model of socially responsible buying/sourcing decision-making
processes. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33, 235-248. (DT
measure not used)
Parviainen, W. J. (1979). The relationship between recruit school evaluations and future job
performance in predicting job success for Michigan sate police troopers. Unpublished
master’s thesis, Michigan State University. (DT measure not used)
Patrick, C. J., Curtin, J. J., & Tellegen, A. (2002). Development and validation of a brief form of
the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 14, 150-163.
(DT measure not used)
Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Nichol, P. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2007). A bifactor approach to
modeling the structure of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Journal of Personality
Disorders, 21, 118-141. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pattan, J. E. (1984). The business of ethics and the ethics of business. Journal of Business Ethics,
3, 1-19. (not empirical)
Patterson, D. M. (2001). Causal effects of regulatory, organizational and personal factors on
ethical sensitivity. Journal of Business Ethics, 30, 123-159. (not empirical)
Patterson, G. T. (2002). Predicting the effects of military service experience on stressful
occupational events in police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police
Strategies & Management, 25(3), 602-618. (DT measure not used)
Patton, B., Ignatieff, M., Mandell, B., Berger, E., Matz, D., & Blank, Y. (2005). Legal issues and
human rights dimensions of the Israeli settlements issue: Victims and spoilers.
Negotiation Journal, 21, 221-230. (DT measure not used)
Paulhus, D. (1983). Sphere-specific measures of perceived control. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 44, 1253-1265. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Paulhus, D. L., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Tracy, J. L. (2004). Two replicable
suppressor situations in personality research. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 303328. (DT measure not used)
Paunonen, S. V. (2002). Design and construction of the Supernumerary Personality Inventory.
Research Bulletin, 763. (not empirical)
Paunonen, S. V., & Jackson, D. N. (1996). The Jackson Personality Inventory and the five-factor
model of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 42-59. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Paunonen, S. V., & Jackson, D. N. (2000). What is beyond the big five? Plenty! Journal of
Personality, 68, 821-835. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Paunonen, S. V., Haddock, G., Forsterling, F., & Keinonen, M. (2003). Broad versus narrow
personality measures and the prediction of behaviour across cultures. European Journal
of Personality, 17, 413-433. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Paunonen, S. V., Lonnqvist, J. E., Verkasalo, M., Leikas, S., & Nissinen, V. (2006). Narcissism
and emergent leadership in military cadets. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 475-486.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pearson, C. A. L., & Chatterjee, S. R. (2001). Perceived societal values of Indian managers:
Some empirical evidence of responses to economic reform. International Journal of
Social Economics, 28, 368-379. (DT measure not used)
Pedersen, C. A. (2004). How love evolved from sex and gave birth to intelligence and human
nature. Journal of Bioeconomics, 6, 39-63. (not empirical)
Pelton, L. E., Chowdhury, J., & Vitell, S. J. (1999). A framework for the examination of
relational ethics: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 19, 241-253.
(not empirical)
Pencil, M. (1976). Salt passage research: The state of the art. Journal of Communication, 26, 3136. (not empirical)
Penn, D. W., Ang’wa, W., Forster, R., Heydon, G., & Richardson, S. J. (1998). Learning in
smaller organisations. The Learning Organization, 5, 128-137. (not empirical)
Penner, L. A., Midili, A. R., & Kegelmeyer, J. (1997). Beyond job attitudes: A personality and
social psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior.
Human Performance, 10, 111-131. (DT measure not used)
Perrewe, P. L., Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D., & Anthony, W. P. (2000). Political skill: An antidote
for workplace stressors. The Academy of Management Executive, 115-123. (not
empirical)
Peslak, A. R. (2006). PAPA revisited: A current empirical study of the Mason framework.
Journal of Computer Information Systems, 117-124. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Pesqueux, Y. (2000). Towards a stoic interpretation of controllability. Management Decision, 38,
5-12. (not empirical)
Peters, R. H. (1992). Referral and screening for substance abuse treatment in jails. The Journal of
Behavioral Health Services and Research, 19, 53-75. (excluded population)
Peterson, A. A., Haynes, G. A., & Olson, J. M. (2008). Self esteem differences in the effects of
hypocrisy induction on behavioral intentions in the health domain. Journal of
Personality, 76, 305-322. (DT measure not used)
Peterson, D. S. (2001). The relationship between educational attainment and police
performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Illinois State University. (DT measure
not used)
Peterson, R. M., & Lucas, G. H. (2001). Expanding the antecedent component of the traditional
business negotiation model: Pre-negotiation literature review and planning-preparation
propositions. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9, 37-49. (not empirical)
Pethman, T. M. I., & Erlandsson, S. I. (2010). Aberrant self-promotion or subclinical
psychopathy in a Swedish general population. The Psychological Record, 52, 3.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Peukert, H. (2005). The Benevolent Prince in Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff’s Teutscher Fürsten
Stat with Special Consideration of the Prince’s Revenues, Regalia and Taxes. European
Journal of Law and Economics, 19, 287-303. (not empirical)
Pfeffer, J. (1994). Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations: Harvard
Business Press. (not empirical)
Phebe, C., & Williams, C. (1995). Identity, narcissism, and defense mechanisms in late
adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 341-361. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Philibert, P. J. (1985). Symbolic and diabolic images of God. Studies in Formative Spirituality,
6, 87-101. (not empirical)
Phillips, M. (1976). The application of Gestalt principles in classroom teaching. Group &
Organization Management, 1, 82-98. (not empirical)
Philport, J. C. (1975). A multivariate field study of patterns of television program exposure:
Gross consumption of the mass media; and Machiavellianism, anomia, and self esteem .
Unpublished Ph.D., Bowling Green State University. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Pibulniyom, S. (1984). A quantitative analysis of dynamic performance measurements of a
southern police department. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi.
(DT measure not used)
Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2004). Self esteem within the work and organizational context:
A review of the organization-based self esteem literature. Journal of Management, 30,
591-622. (not empirical)
Pilch, I. (2008). Machiavellianism, emotional intelligence and social competence: Are
Machiavellians interpersonally skilled? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 39, 158-164.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pina, A., Gannon, T. A., & Saunders, B. (2009). An overview of the literature on sexual
harassment: Perpetrator, theory, and treatment issues. Aggression and Violent Behavior,
14, 126-138. (references searched)
Pinaire-Reed, J. A. (1979). Personality correlates of predisposition to fashion: Dogmatism and
Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 45, 269-270. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality
disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N.
(2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Psychological Assessment, 21, 365-379. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pinder, C. C. (1977). Concerning the application of human motivation theories in organizational
settings. Academy of Management Review, 2, 384-397. (not empirical)
Pinsent, C. (2000). Power exertion strategies in couples: A Q-methodological investigation of
self- and partner-perceived frameworks. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Ottawa
(Canada), Canada. (DT measure not used)
Pinto, A. J., & Kanekar, S. (1990). Social perception as a function of Machiavellianism. The
Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 755-762. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Plaut, E. A. (1986). Quality of object relations: The psychoanalytic value system. The Annual of
Psychoanalysis, 14, 207-219. (not empirical)
Plouffe, C. R., & Barclay, D. W. (2007). Salesperson navigation: the intraorganizational
dimension of the sales role. Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 528-539. (DT
measure not used)
Plummer, K. O. (1979). Pre-employment factors that determine success in the police academy.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Claremont Graduate College. ((DT measure not
used)
Poderico, C. (1987). Machiavellianism and anxiety among Italian children. Psychological
Reports, 60, 1041-1042. (excluded population)
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational
citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and
suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513. (review article)
Poland, J. M. (1976). An exploratory analysis of the relationship between social background
factors and performance criteria in the Michigan State Police. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Michigan State University. (DT measure not used)
Polonsky, M. J., Brito, P. Q., Pinto, J., & Higgs-Kleyn, N. (2001). Consumer ethics in the
European Union: a comparison of northern and southern views. Journal of Business
Ethics, 31, 117-130. (DT measure not used)
Poon, J. M. L. (2003). Situational antecedents and outcomes of organizational politics
perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18, 138-155. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Pope, K. (2005). Measuring the Ethical Propensities of Accounting Students: Mach IV versus
DIT. Journal of Academic Ethics, 3, 89-111. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Porcerelli, J. H., & Sandler, B. A. (1995). Narcissism and empathy in steroid users. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1672-1674. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Porter, L. W., Allen, R. W., & Angle, H. L. (1983). The politics of upward influence in
organizations. Unpublished manuscript. (not empirical)
Posner, R. A. (1999). Employment discrimination: age discrimination and sexual harassment* 1.
International Review of Law and Economics, 19, 421-446. (not empirical)
Posthuma, R. A., Morgeson, F. P., & Campion, M. A. (2002). Beyond employment interview
validity: A comprehensive narrative review of recent research and trends over time.
Personnel Psychology, 55, 1-81. (not empirical)
Powers, W. P. (1996). An evaluation of the predictive validity of the MMPI s it relates to
identifying police officers prone to engage in the use of excessive force. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Adler School of Professional Psychology. (correlations not
reported)
Poythress, N. G., Edens, J. F., & Watkins, M. M. (2001). The relationship between psychopathic
personality features and malingering symptoms of major mental illness. Law and Human
Behavior, 25, 567-582. (excluded population)
Primavera, L. H., & Higgins, M. (1973). Nonverbal rigidity and its relationship to dogmatism
and Machiavellianism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 36, 356-358. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Pringle, C. D., & Longenecker, J. G. (1982). The ethics of MBO. Academy of Management
Review, 7, 305-312. (not empirical)
Prociuk, T. J., & Breen, L. J. (1976). Machiavellianism and locus of control. The Journal of
Social Psychology, 98, 141-142. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Propst, L. R. (1975). An analysis of responsibility in the forced compliance paradigm.
Unpublished Ph.D., Vanderbilt University.(DT measure not used)
Pryor, L. R., Miller, J. D., & Gaughan, E. T. (2008). A comparison of the Psychological
Entitlement Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory's Entitlement scale:
Relations with general personality traits and personality disorders. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 90, 517-520. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Pryor, L. R., Miller, J. D., & Gaughan, E. T. (2009). Testing two alternative pathological
personality measures in the assessment of psychopathy: An examination of the SNAP and
DAPP-BQ. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23, 85-100. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Pynes, J. (1988). The predictive validity of an assessment center for the selection of entry-level
law enforcement officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University.
(DT measure not used)
Pynes, J., & Bernardin, H. J. (1992). Entry-level police selection: The assessment center is an
alternative. Journal of Criminal Justice, 20, 41-52. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Pynes, J., & Bernardin, J. J. (1989). Predictive validity of an entry-level police officer
assessment center. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(5), 831-833. (DT measure not
used)
Quarles, C. L. (1984). A correlation of police productivity with educational level, age, and
seniority of officers in a southern police department. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology, Little Rock, AR. (DT
measure not used)
Rafilson, F., & Sison, R. (1996). Seven criterion-related validity studies conducted with the
national Police Officer Selection Test. Psychological Reports, 78, 163-176.
Rahman, S., & Norling, F. (1991). Managerial thinking. A study of public managers from
developing countries. Public Administration and Development, 11, 111-125. (DT
measure not used)
Rai, S. N., & Gupta, M. D. (1987). Machiavellianism among student leaders. Indian Journal of
Current Psychological Research, 2, 83-88. (excluded population)
Rallapalli, K. C., Vitell, S. J., Wiebe, F. A., & Barnes, J. H. (1994). Consumer ethical beliefs and
personality traits: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 13, 487-495.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ralston, D. A. (1985). Employee ingratiation: The role of management. Academy of
Management Review, 10, 477-487. (not empirical)
Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Cheung, F. M., & Terpstra, R. H. (1993). Differences in
managerial values: A study of US, Hong Kong and PRC managers. Journal of
International Business Studies, 24, 249-275. (DT measure not used)
Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Terpstra, R. H., & Holt, D. H. (1995). Pre-post Tiananmen
Square: changing values of Chinese managers. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 12,
1-20. (DT measure not used)
Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Terpstra, R. H., Holt, D. H., Cheung, F., & Ribbens, B. A.
(1993). The impact of managerial values on decision-making behaviour: a comparison of
the United States and Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 10, 21-37. (DT
measure not used)
Ralston, D. A., Pounder, J., Lo, C. W., Wong, Y. Y., Egri, C. P., & Stauffer, J. (2006). Stability
and change in managerial work values: A longitudinal study of China, Hong Kong, and
the US. Management and Organization Review, 2, 67-94. (not empirical)
Ramanaiah, N. V., Byravan, A., & Detwiler, F. R. J. (1994). Revised NEO Personality Inventory
profiles of Machiavellian and non-Machiavellian people. Psychological Reports, 75, 937938. (correlations not reported)
Rand, R. (1987). Behavioral Police Assessment Device: The development and validation of an
interactive, preemployment, job-related, video psychological test. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of San Francisco. (DT measure not used)
Rand, T. M., & Wagner, E. E. (1973). Correlations between Hand Test variables and patrolman
performance. Psychological Reports, 37, 477-478. (DT measure not used)
Rao, A., & Schmidt, S. M. (1998). A behavioral perspective on negotiating international
alliances. Journal of International Business Studies, 29, 665-693. (DT measure not
used)
Rao, C. P., & Singhapakdi, S. (1997). Marketing ethics: a comparison between services and
other marketing professionals. Journal of Services Marketing, 11, 409-426. (DT measure
not used)
Raskin, R., & Shaw, R. (1988). Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns. Journal of
Personality, 56, 393-404. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Raskin, R., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. (1991a). Narcissism, Self Esteem, and Defensive Self
Enhancement. Journal of Personality, 59, 19-38. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Raskin, R., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. (1991b). Narcissistic self esteem management. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 911-918. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Rathvon, N., & Holmstrom, R. W. (1996). An MMPI-2 portrait of narcissism. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 66, 1-19. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rawwas, M. Y. A. (1996). Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of the ethical beliefs of
Austrian consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1009-1019. (DT measure not used)
Rawwas, M. Y. A. (2001). Culture, personality and morality: A typology of international
consumers’ ethical beliefs. International Marketing Review, 18, 188-211. (DT measure
not used)
Rawwas, M. Y. A., & Singhapakdi, A. (1998). Do consumers' ethical beliefs vary with age? A
substantiation of Kohlberg's typology in marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and
Practice, 6, 26-38. (DT measure not used)
Rawwas, M. Y. A., Al-Khatib, J. A., & Vitell, S. J. (2004). Academic dishonesty: A crosscultural comparison of US and Chinese marketing students. Journal of Marketing
Education, 26, 89-100. (DT measure not used)
Rawwas, M. Y. A., Patzer, G. L., & Klassen, M. L. (1995). Consumer ethics in cross-cultural
settings: entrepreneurial implications. European Journal of Marketing, 29, 62-78.
(correlations not reported)
Rawwas, M. Y. A., Patzer, G. L., & Vitell, S. J. (1998). A cross-cultural investigation of the
ethical values of consumers: the potential effect of war and civil disruption. Journal of
Business Ethics, 17, 435-448. (correlations not reported)
Rawwas, M., Swaidan, Z., & Isakson, H. (2007). A comparative study of ethical beliefs of
master of business administration students in the United States with those in Hong Kong.
The Journal of Education for Business, 82, 146-158. (DT measure not used)
Ray, J. J. (1982a). A cluster analytic exploration of what underlies popular social science
constructs. The Journal of Social Psychology, 116, 263-267. (DT measure not used)
Ray, J. J. (1982b). Machiavellianism, forced-choice formats and the validity of the F scale: A
rejoinder to Bloom. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 779-782. (not empirical)
Ray, J. J. (1982c). The Protestant ethic in Australia. The Journal of Social Psychology, 116, 127138. (correlations not reported)
Ray, J. J. (1983a). Defective validity of the Machiavellianism scale. The Journal of Social
Psychology, 119, 291-292. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ray, J. J. (1983b). Psychopathy, anxiety and malingering. Personality and Individual
Differences, 4, 351-353. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ray, J. J. (1985). The punitive personality. The Journal of Social Psychology, 125, 329-333. (DT
measure not used)
Rayburn, J. M., & Rayburn, L. G. (1996). Relationship between Machiavellianism and type A
personality and ethical-orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1209-1219. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Rayburn, J. M., Hammond, K., & Overby, J. (2004). An empirical study of the indicators of the
need for power, achievement and affiliation, and the ethical, Machiavellian and political
orientation of marketing majors. Proceedings from the Allied Academies Internet
Conference. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rayburn, J. M., Overby, J., & Hammond, K. (2003). Differences in charisma, ethics, personality,
and Machiavellian characteristics of male and female marketing students. Academy of
Marketing Studies Journal, 7, 107-125. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Raynes, B. L. (1997). Predicting difficult employees: the relationship between vocational
interest, selfesteem, and problem communication styles. Unpublished master's thesis,
Radford University. (DT measure not used)
Raynes, B. L. (2001). Predicting difficult employees: the relationship between vocational
interest, selfesteem, and problem communication styles. Applied H.R.M. Research, 6(1),
33-66. (DT measure not used)
Razzaque, M. A., & Hwee, T. P. (2002). Ethics and purchasing dilemma: A Singaporean view.
Journal of Business Ethics, 35, 307-326. (DT measure not used)
Reddon, J. R., Toma, D. M., & Columbus, A. (2006). Personality Characteristics of 4-H
Volunteer Leaders. In Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 39. (pp. 161-172).
Hauppauge, NY US: Nova Science Publishers. (not empirical)
Redfering, D., & Bird, J. (1979). Levels of conviction as predictors of behavior. The Journal of
Social Psychology, 108, 279-280. (DT measure not used)
Redfern, K. (2004). An empirical investigation of the ethics position questionnaire in the
People's Republic of China. Journal of Business Ethics, 50, 199-210. (DT measure not
used)
Redfern, K. (2005). The influence of industrialisation on ethical ideology of managers in the
People’s Republic of China. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12,
38-50. (DT measure not used)
Reed, E. J. (1973). Communication tactics used by high and low Machiavellians in differentiallymotivated task-oriented situations. Unpublished Ph.D., University of California, Los
Angeles, United States -- California. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Reed, T. F. (1989). Do union organizers matter-individual differences, campaign practices, and
representation election outcomes. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43, 103-119.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Reed, T. F. (1993). Securing a union contract: Impact of the union organizer. Industrial
Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 32, 188-203. (not empirical)
Rees, K., & Tyson, R. L. (2001). Discussion of Nover presentation. New Haven, CT US: Yale
University Press. (not empirical)
Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., Foster, J. D., & Martinez, M. A. (2008). Effects of narcissistic
entitlement and exploitativeness on human physical aggression. Personality and
Individual Differences, 44, 865-875. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Reis, H. T., Wheeler, L., Kernis, M. H., Spiegel, N., & Nezlek, J. (1985). On specificity in the
impact of social participation on physical and psychological health. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 456-471. (excluded population)
Reischl, S. R. (1977). Personality profiles of successful and nonsuccessful police promotional
candidates administered the California Psychological Inventory. Unpublished master’s
thesis, California State University, Long Beach. (DT measure not used)
Reise, S. P., & Oliver, C. J. (1994). Development of a California Q-set indicator of primary
psychopathy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62, 130-144. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Reiss, D., Almond, R., & Shephard, R. (1974). Assimilating the patient stranger: Experimental
studies of psychiatrist, nurse, and patient interaction. Journal of Nervous and Mental
Disease, 158, 118-141. (lab experiment)
Reiss, M. C., & Mitra, K. (1998). The effects of individual difference factors on the acceptability
of ethical and unethical workplace behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 1581-1593.
(DT measure not used)
Reming, G. C. (1988). Personality characteristics of supercops and habitual criminals. Journal of
Police Science and Administration, 16(3), 163-167. (DT measure not used)
Repacholi, B., Slaughter, V., Pritchard, M., & Gibbs, V. (2003). Theory of mind,
Machiavellianism, and social functioning in childhood. In B.Repacholi & V.Slaughter
(Eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind (pp. 67–94). New York: Psychology
Press. (excluded population)
Resick, C. J., Whitman, D. S., Weingarden, S. M., & Hiller, N. J. (2009). The bright-side and the
dark-side of CEO personality: Examining core self-evaluations, narcissism,
transformational leadership, and strategic influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94,
1365-1381. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Reynolds, S. K., & Clark, L. A. (2001). Predicting dimensions of personality disorder from
domains and facets of the five factor model. Journal of Personality, 69, 199-222.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rhodes, R., & Smith, N. (2006). Personality correlates of physical activity: A review and metaanalysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 958-965. (references searched)
Rhodewalt, F., & Eddings, S. K. (2002). Narcissus reflects: Memory distortion in response to
ego-relevant feedback among high-and low-narcissistic men 1. Journal of Research in
Personality, 36, 97-116. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1995). Self and interpersonal correlates of the narcissistic
personality inventory: A review and new findings. Journal of Research in Personality,
29, 1-23. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1998). On self-aggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of
narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 74, 672-685. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Richard, F., Bond Jr, C. F., & Stokes-Zoota, J. J. (2003). One hundred years of social psychology
quantitatively described. Review of General Psychology, 7, 331-363. (not empirical)
Richford, M., & Fortune, J. C. (1984). The secondary principal's job satisfaction in relation to
two personality constructs. Education, 17-20. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Richmond, K. A. (2001). Ethical Reasoning, Machiavellian Behavior, and Gender: The Impact
on Accounting Students’ Ethical Decision Making. Unpublished manuscript. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Ricks, J. E. (2004). International experiment in consumer sales strategic preferences using
multiple analysis of variance. Unpublished manuscript. (DT measure not used)
Riggio, R. E., & Friedman, H. S. (1982). The interrelationships of self-monitoring factors,
personality traits, and nonverbal social skills. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 7, 33-45.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rim, Y. (1966). Machiavellianism and decisions involving risk. British Journal of Social &
Clinical Psychology, 5, 30-36. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rim, Y. (1970). Values and attitudes. Personality: An International Journal, 1, 243-250. (DT
measure not used)
Rim, Y. (1971). Just salary, ability and variables of attitude and personality. Revista
LatinoAmericana de Psicología, 3, 183-190. (DT measure not used)
Rim, Y. (1992). Machiavellianism and coping styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 13,
487-489. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rim, Y. Y. (1969). Leaderless discussion group as a selection instrument. Revista de Psicología
General y Aplicada, 24(101), 1141-1148. (DT measure not used)
Rim, Y. Y. (1971). Values in leaderless group discussions. Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e
Psichiatria, 32(1-2), 131-136. (DT measure not used)
Rim, Y. Y. (1973). Conflicting communications, personality, attitudes, intelligence, and values.
Psychologie v Ekonomické Praxi, 32, 56-61. (DT measure not used)
Roberg, R. R. (1977). A study of the relationships among higher education, open-closed belief
systems and job performance of nonsupervisory patrol personnel. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Nebraska. (DT measure not used)
Roberg, R. R. (1978). An analysis of the relationships among higher education, belief systems,
and job performance of patrol officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 6,
336-344. (DT measure not used)
Roberson, R. M. (1996). Perceptions of self-efficacy and police academy performance: A test of
predictive validity. Unpublished master’s thesis, Central Washington University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Roberti, J. W. (2004). Personality characteristics of undergraduates with career interests in
forensic identification. Journal of Employment Counseling, 4, 117. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Roberts, B. W., & Helson, R. (1997). Changes in culture, changes in personality: The influence
of individualism in a longitudinal study of women. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 72, 641-651. (DT measure not used)
Roberts, J. (1984). The relationship of higher education to Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troopers’
performances. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma. (DT measure
not used)
Roberts, J. I. (1971, April). The effects of personality characteristics on cooperation. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 31, 5519. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Robertson, D. C., & Anderson, E. (1993). Control system and task environment effects on ethical
judgment: An exploratory study of industrial salespeople. Organization Science, 4, 617644. (DT measure not used)
Robin, D., & Babin, L. (1997). Making sense of the research on gender and ethics in business: A
critical analysis and extension. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7, 61-90. (not empirical)
Robins, R. W., & Paulhus, D. L. (2001). The character of self-enhancers: Implications for
organizations. In Roberts, Brent W. (Ed); Hogan, Robert (Ed), (2001). Personality
psychology in the workplace, Decade of behavior (pp. 193-219). Washington, DC, US:
American Psychological Association. (not empirical)
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., & Shaver, P. R. (2001). Shamed into self-love: Dynamics, roots, and
functions of narcissism. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 230-236. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A
multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555-572. (DT
measure not used)
Ronan, W. W., Talbert, T. L., & Mullet, G. M. (1977). Prediction of job performance
dimensions: Police officers. Public Personnel Management, May-June, 173-180. (DT
measure not used)
Rose, J. E. (1995). Consolidation of law enforcement basic training academies: An evaluation of
pilot projects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff,
AZ. (DT measure not used)
Rose, P. (2002). The happy and unhappy faces of narcissism. Personality and Individual
Differences, 33, 379-391. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rose, P. (2007). Mediators of the association between narcissism and compulsive buying: The
roles of materialism and impulse control. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 576.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Rosenberg, R. D. (1987). Managerial morality and behavior: The questionable payments issue.
Journal of Business Ethics, 6, 23-36. (DT measure not used)
Rosenfeld, L. B., & Plax, T. G. (1977). Clothing as communication. Journal of Communication,
27, 24-31. (DT measure not used)
Rosenfeld, P. (1997). Impression management, fairness, and the employment interview. Journal
of Business Ethics, 16, 801-808. (DT measure not used)
Rosenthal, S. A., & Pittinsky, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly,
17, 617-633. (not empirical)
Rosenthal, S. F. (1978). The female as manipulator: A replication. Psychological Reports, 42,
157-158. (not empirical)
Rosenwald, G. C., & Stonehill, M. W. (1972). Early and late postpartum illnesses.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 34, 129. (DT measure not used)
Ross, J. D. (1980). Determination of the predictive validity of the assessment center approach to
selecting police managers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 8, 89-96. (correlations not
reported)
Ross, R. G. (1988). Assessing the Ross-Dewine conflict management message style.
Management Communication Quarterly, 1, 389-413. (not empirical)
Ross, S. R., & Rausch, M. K. (2001). Psychopathic attributes and achievement dispositions in a
college sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 471-480. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ross, S. R., Bye, K., Wrobel, T. A., & Horton, R. S. (2008). Primary and secondary
psychopathic characteristics and the schedule for non-adaptive and adaptive personality
(SNAP). Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 249-254. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ross, S. R., Hertenstein, M. J., & Wrobel, T. A. (2007). Maladaptive correlates of the failure to
forgive self and others: Further evidence for a two-component model of forgiveness.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 158. (DT measure not used)
Ross, S. R., Lutz, C. J., & Bailley, S. E. (2004). Psychopathy and the five factor model in a
noninstitutionalized sample: A domain and facet level analysis. Journal of
Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 213-223. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Ross, S. R., Moltu, J., Poy, R., Segarra, P., Pastor, M. C., & Montaoes, S. (2007). Gray's model
and psychopathy: BIS but not BAS differentiates primary from secondary psychopathy in
noninstitutionalized young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1644-1655.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ross, W. T., & Robertson, D. C. (2003). A typology of situational factors: Impact on salesperson
decision-making about ethical issues. Journal of Business Ethics, 46, 213-234. (not
empirical)
Ross, W., & LaCroix, J. (1996). Multiple meanings of trust in negotiation theory and research: A
literature review and integrative model. International Journal of Conflict Management, 7,
314-360. (DT measure not used)
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and
counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing
approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 66-80. (DT measure not used)
Rounds, F. E. (1989). The relationship of the MMPI and the Wollack Alert/PAF for police
applicant selection. Unpublished master’s thesis, East Carolina University. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Roworth-Stokes, S., & Perren, L. (2000). Rising stars: The career development of research centre
directors. Career Development International, 5, 135-143. (DT measure not used)
Rubinstein, G. (2003). Macho man: Narcissism, homophobia, agency, communion, and
authoritarianism--a comparative study among Israeli bodybuilders and a control group.
Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 100-110. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Ruch, W., & Hehl, F. J. (1986). Conservatism as a predictor of responses to humour--II. the
location of sense of humour in a comprehensive attitude space 1. Personality and
Individual Differences, 7, 861-874. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ruffo-Fiore, S. (1990). Niccolò machiavelli: An annotated bibliography of modern criticism and
scholarship. Greenwood Publishing Group. (also searched the full reference list)
Ruisel, I. (2002). Intelligence and personality in intrapsychological bonds. Studia Psychologica,
44, 261-276. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Distinguishing narcissism and hostility:
Similarities and differences in interpersonal circumplex and five-factor correlates.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 537-555. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Ruiz, M. A., Pincus, A. L., & Schinka, J. A. (2008). Externalizing pathology and the five-factor
model: A meta-analysis of personality traits associated with antisocial personality
disorder, substance use disorder, and their co-occurrence. Journal of Personality
Disorders, 22, 365-388. (also searched the full reference list)
Ruminson, K. (2004). Behavioral chameleons and situational engineers: An exploration of
strategies for achieving congruence between leadership style and environmental
demands. Dissertation Abstracts International. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Russ, F. A., McNeilly, K. M., & Comer, J. M. (1996). Leadership, decision making and
performance of sales managers: A multi-level approach. Journal of Personal Selling &
Sales Management, 16, 1-15. (DT measure not used)
Russell, G. W. (1974). Machiavellianism, locus of control, aggression, performance and
precautionary behaviour in ice hockey. Human Relations, 27, 825. (repeat sample)
Rutherford, B. R. (1975, August). The effects of Machiavellianism on the academic motivation
of Black adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 794. (excluded
population)
Rutherford, M. J., Alterman, A. I., Cacciola, J. S., & McKay, J. R. (1997). Validity of the
psychopathy checklist-revised in male methadone patients. Drug and Alcohol
Dependence, 44, 143-149. (excluded population)
Rutherford, M. J., Cacciola, J. S., Alterman, A. I., & McKay, J. R. (1996). Reliability and
validity of the revised psychopathy checklist in women methadone patients. Assessment,
3, 145. (excluded population)
Ryan, K. M., Weikel, K., & Sprechini, G. (2008). Gender differences in narcissism and courtship
violence in dating couples. Sex Roles, 58, 802-813. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Ryckman, R. M., Hammer, M., Kaczor, L. M., & Gold, J. A. (1990). Construction of a
hypercompetitive attitude scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, (DT measure not
used)
Ryckman, R. M., Thornton, B., & Butler, J. C. (1994). Personality correlates of the
hypercompetitive attitude scale: Validity tests of horney's theory of neurosis. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 62, 84-94. (DT measure not used)
Sabia, D. R. (2001). Machiavelli’s soderini and the problem of necessity. The Social Science
Journal, 38, 53-67. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Saccuzzo, D. P., Higgins, G., & Lewandowski, D. (1974). Program for psychological assessment
of law enforcement officers: Initial evaluation. Psychological Reports, 35, 651-654. (DT
measure not used)
Saha, R. (1985). Item-analysis and some correlates of Guterman Machiavellianism scale scores
in adult university students. Journal of Psychological Researches, 29, 149-152. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Sakalaki, M., Richardson, C., & Thépaut, Y. (2007). Machiavellianism and economic
opportunism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1181-1190. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Salekin, R. T., & Frick, P. J. (2005). Psychopathy in children and adolescents: The need for a
developmental perspective. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 403-409.
(excluded population)
Salekin, R. T., Leistico, A. M. R., Neumann, C. S., DiCicco, T. M., & Duros, R. L. (2004).
Psychopathy and comorbidity in a young offender sample: Taking a closer look at
psychopathy's potential importance over disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, 113, 416. (excluded population)
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Machin, D. (2001). Psychopathy in youth: Pursuing diagnostic
clarity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 173-195. (excluded population)
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Sewell, K. W. (1997). Construct validity of psychopathy in a
female offender sample: A multitrait–multimethod evaluation. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 106, 576. (excluded population)
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., Ustad, K. L., & Sewell, K. W. (1998). Psychopathy and recidivism
among female inmates. Law and Human Behavior, 22, 109-128. (excluded population)
Salekin, R. T., Trobst, K. K., & Krioukova, M. (2001). Construct validity of psychopathy in a
community sample: A nomological net approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15,
425-441. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Saltaris, C. (2002). Psychopathy in juvenile offenders: Can temperament and attachment be
considered as robust developmental precursors? Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 729752. (excluded population)
Sama, L. M., & Shoaf, V. (2002). Ethics on the web: Applying moral decision-making to the
new media. Journal of Business Ethics, 36, 93-103. (DT measure not used)
Samenfink, W. H. (1992). Identifying the service potential of an employee through the use of the
self-monitoring scale. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 15, 1-10. (not
empirical)
Samouilidis, L. (1978). Psychoanalytic vicissitudes in working with greek patients. American
Journal of Psychoanalysis, 38, 223-233. (excluded population)
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). Convergence of narcissism measures from the
perspective of general personality functioning. Assessment, 15, 364-374. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Sanderson, B. E. (1976). Police officers: The relationship of college education to job
performance. Unpublished master's thesis, California State University at Los Angeles.
(repeat sample).
Sanderson, B. E. (1977). Police officers: The relationship of college education to performance.
The Police Chief, 44(8), 62-63. (DT measure not used)
Sankar, Y. (2003). Character not charisma is the critical measure of leadership excellence.
Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9, 45. (DT measure not used)
Sares, T. (1995) Influences of educational attainment on helpfulness, civic values and
Machiavellian views. Unpublished dissertation. University of Illinois. (DT measure not
used)
Saruk, S. (1975, July). A comparison study of Machiavellianism, values, and locus of control in
psychopathic subgroups. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 458. (excluded
population)
Sashittal, H. C., & Jassawalla, A. R. (2001). Marketing implementation in smaller organizations:
Definition, framework, and propositional inventory. Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, 29, 50-69. (not empirical)
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the big five? Journal of Personality, 66,
495-524. (DT measure not used)
Savard, C., Sabourin, S., & Lussier, Y. (2006). Male sub-threshold psychopathic traits and
couple distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 931-942. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Savasta, M. (1978, March). The psychology of power: An empirical study of social influence as
a function of age, sex and Machiavellian orientation. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 38, 5367. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Sawyer, J. C. (1977, October). A factor analytic study of the dimensional structure within stages
of moral development and that structure's relationship to specific personality traits.
Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol 38(4-A), 2009. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Saxe, R., & Weitz, B. A. (1982). The SOCO scale: A measure of the customer orientation of
salespeople. Journal of Marketing Research, , 343-351. (DT measure not used)
Scarfo, S. J. (2002). Relationship between police academy performance and cadet level of
education and cognitive ability. Applied H.R.M. Research, 7(1), 24. (DT measure not
used)
Schaller, G. R. (1990). Use of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery to predict training
outcomes in female military police trainees. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Auburn
University. (DT measure not used)
Schell, D. W. (1978, November). Effect of Machiavellian orientation and intra-organization
power on resource allocation in organization coalitions: An experimental approach.
Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol 39(5-A), 3039-3040. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Schelling, M. J. (1993). The use of the Law Enforcement Selection Inventory in the selection of
communication officers: A concurrent validity study. Unpublished master’s thesis,
Radford University. (DT measure not used)
Schepers, D. H. (2003). Machiavellianism, profit, and the dimensions of ethical judgment: A
study of impact. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 339-352. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Schlenker, B. R. (2008). Integrity and character: Implications of principled and expedient ethical
ideologies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 1078-1125. (not empirical)
Schmidt, F., McKinnon, L., Chattha, H. K., & Brownlee, K. (2006). Concurrent and predictive
validity of the psychopathy checklist: Youth version across gender and ethnicity.
Psychological Assessment, 18, 393-401. (excluded population)
Schmidt, M. (2005). “Whistle blowing” regulation and accounting standards enforcement in
germany and Europe—An economic perspective. International Review of Law &
Economics, 25, 143-168. (DT measure not used)
Schmit, M. J., Kihm, J. A., & Robie, C. (2000). Development of a global measure of personality.
Personnel Psychology, 53, 153-193. (DT measure not used)
Schmitt, M., Gollwitzer, M., Maes, J., & Arbach, D. (2005). Justice sensitivity: Assessment and
location in the personality space. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21,
202. (DT measure not used)
Schoenfeld, L. S., Kobos, J. C., & Phinney, I. R. (1980). Screening police applicants: A study of
reliability with the MMPI. Psychological Reports, 47, 419-425. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Scholl, J. C., & O’Hair, D. (2005). Uncovering beliefs about deceptive communication.
Communication Quarterly, 53, 377Á. (DT measure not used)
Schreer, G. E. (2002). Narcissism and aggression: Is inflated self esteem related to aggressive
driving. North American Journal of Psychology, 4, 333-342. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Schroeder, D. J. (1973). A study of the validity of the entrance examination for the position of
patrolman under the guidelines established the Equal Opportunity Employment
Commission. Unpublished master’s thesis, John Jay College. (DT measure not used)
Schuerger, J. M., Kochevar, K. F., & Reinwald, J. E. (1982). Male and female corrections
officers: Personality and rated performance. Psychological Reports, 51(1), 223-228. (DT
measure not used)
Schumacher, J. E., Scogin, F., Howland, K., & McGee, J. (1992). The relation of peer
assessment to future law enforcement performance. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
19(3), 286-293. (DT measure not used)
Schütz, A., Marcus, B., & Sellin, I. (2004). Measuring narcissism as a personality construct:
Psychometric properties of a long and a short version of the German Narcissistic
Personality Inventory. Diagnostica, 50, 202–218. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Scogin, F., Schumacher, J., Gardner, J., & Chaplin, W. (1995). Predictive validity of
psychological testing in law enforcement settings. Professional Psychology: Research
and Practice, 26(1), 68-71. (DT measure not used)
Scott, E. D., & Jehn, K. A. (2003). About face: How employee dishonesty influences a
stakeholder's image of an organization. Business & Society, 42, 234. (DT measure not
used)
Sedikides, C., Rudich, E. A., Gregg, A. P., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2004). Are normal
narcissists psychologically healthy?: Self esteem matters. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 87, 400. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2001). The five-factor model of personality and career success.
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 1-21. (DT measure not used)
Seltzer, L. F. (1983). Influencing the" shape" of resistance: An experimental exploration of
paradoxical directives and psychological reactance. Basic and Applied Social
Psychology, 4, 47-71. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Seltzer, L. F. (1984). The role of paradox in gestalt theory and technique. Gestalt Journal, 7, 3142. (not empirical)
Semprevivo, P. (1977). A critical assessment of team approaches to systems development. Paper
presented at the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual SIGCPR Conference, 94-103. (not
empirical)
Semykina, A., & Linz, S. J. (2007). Gender differences in personality and earnings: Evidence
from Russia. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 387-410. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Sendo, J. A. (1972). A study of the potential use of the Mann Attitude Inventory in the selection
of police recruits. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Serko, B. A. (1981). Police selection: A predictive study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
Florida School of Professional Psychology. (DT measure not used)
Serrano, G. G., & Rodriguez, D. D. (1993). Caracteristicas individuales Y eficacia negociadora.
Boletin de Psicología (Spain), 4053-4065. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Serwinek, P. J. (1992). Demographic & related differences in ethical views among small
businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 555-566. (DT measure not used)
Seto, M. C., & Barbaree, H. E. (1999). Psychopathy, treatment behavior, and sex offender
recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 1235. (excluded population)
Shackleton, D., Pitt, L., & Marks, A. S. (1990). Managerial decision styles and
Machiavellianism: A comparative study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 5, 9-16.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Shafer, W. E., & Simmons, R. S. (2008). Social responsibility, Machiavellianism and tax
avoidance: A study of Hong Kong tax professionals. Accounting, Auditing &
Accountability Journal, 21, 695-720. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Shaffer, A. M. (1996). Predictive and discriminative validity of various police officer selection
criteria. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of California, Irvine. (DT measure not
used)
Shamir, B., & Drory, A. (1981). A study of cross‐cultural differences in work attitudes among
three groups of Israeli prison employees. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 267282. (DT measure not used)
Shapiro, S. (1981). Psychiatric examination of law enforcement officer candidates over a 10-year
period. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 22(3), 312-319. (DT measure not used)
Sharma, S. D. (2002). Politics and governance in contemporary India: The paradox of
democratic deepening. Journal of International and Area Studies, 9, 77-101. (DT
measure not used)
Sharmaa, D., Albers-Miller, N. D., Pelton, L. E., & Straughan, R. D. (2006). The impact of
image management, self-justification, and escalation of commitment on knowledge
development in the marketing discipline. Journal of Marketing Education, 28, 161. (DT
measure not used)
Sharples, R. H. (2002). The importance of leadership competencies: Perceptions of North
Carolina community college presidents. (DT measure not used)
Sheldon, K. M., & Cooper, M. L. (2008). Goal striving within agentic and communal roles:
Separate but functionally similar pathways to enhanced Well‐Being. Journal of
Personality, 76, 415-448. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Shell, G. R. (2001). Bargaining styles and negotiation: The Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode
instrument in negotiation training. Negotiation Journal, 17, 155-174. (not empirical)
Shen, D., & Dickson, M. A. (2001). Consumers' acceptance of unethical clothing consumption
activities: Influence of cultural identification, ethnicity, and Machiavellianism. Clothing
and Textiles Research Journal, 19, 76-87. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Sheppard, B. H., & Vidmar, N. (1980). Adversary pretrial procedures and testimonial evidence:
Effects of lawyer's role and Machiavellianism. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 39, 320-332. (DT measure not used)
Sheppard, C., Bates, C., Fracchia, J., & Merlis, S. (1974). Psychological need structures of law
enforcement officers. Psychological Reports, 35, 583-586. (DT measure not used)
Shepperd, J. A., & Socherman, R. E. (1997). On the manipulative behavior of low
Machiavellians: Feigning incompetence to" sandbag" an opponent. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1448-1459. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Sherman, L. W., & Blumberg, M. (1981). Higher education and police use of deadly force.
Journal of Criminal Justice, 9, 317-331. (DT measure not used)
Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Besser, A., Flett, G. L., & Klein, C. (2006). Machiavellianism, trait
perfectionism, and perfectionistic self-presentation. Personality and Individual
Differences, 40, 829-839. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Sherwood, C. W. (1994). The relationship between higher education and job satisfaction: A
study of municipal police officers in two cities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of New Haven, Connecticut. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Shields, P. O. (2009). Young adult volunteers: Recruitment appeals and other marketing
considerations. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 21, 139-159. (excluded
population)
Shimizu, K., Kawabe, H., and Kaizuka, T. (2008). Social phobic tendency, narcissistic
personality, and mental health. Japanese Journal of Personality, 16, 350-362. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Shlapentokh, D. (1999). From “Ancient regime” to “New regime”: The case of the czarist and
bolshevik repressive machinery. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,
19, 1-125. (not empirical)
Shoham, S., Askenasy, J., Rahav, G., Chard, F., & Addi, A. (1989). Personality correlates of
violent prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 137-145. (excluded
population)
Shome, A., & Rao, H. (2001). Experience, Machiavellianism, decision aid use and going concern
assessment: An empirical study. Unpublished manuscript. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Shulman, B. H. (1982). An Adlerian interpretation of the borderline personality. Modern
Psychoanalysis, 7, 137-153. (excluded population)
Shultz, C. J., & Prince, R. A. (1994). Selling financial services to the affluent. International
Journal of Bank Marketing, 12, 9-16. (DT measure not used)
Shusman, E. J., Inwald, R. E., & Knatz, H. F. (1987). A cross-validation study of police recruit
performance as predicted by the IPI and MMPI. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 15(2), 162-169. (DT measure not used)
Shusman, E. J., Inwald, R. E., & Landa, B. (1984). Correction officer job performance as
predicted by the IPI and MMPI: A validation and cross-validation study. Criminal Justice
and Behavior, 11(3), 309-329. (DT measure not used)
Sierra, J. J., & Hyman, M. R. (2006). A dual-process model of cheating intentions. Journal of
Marketing Education, 28, 193-204. (DT measure not used)
Sigmon, R. (1975). Interpersonal manipulativeness and self regard in Federal prisoners.
Unpublished dissertation. Columbia University. (excluded population)
Sikula, A., & Costa, A. D. (1995). Are GPA and ethics related? International Journal of ValueBased Management, 8, 237-253. (DT measure not used)
Silvester, J., & Dykes, C. (2007). Selecting political candidates: A longitudinal study of
assessment centre performance and political success in the 2005 UK general election.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 11-25. (DT measure not
used)
Simmons, D. D. (1973). Further psychometric correlates of the identity achievement scale.
Psychological Reports, 32, 1042. (DT measure not used)
Simms, L. J., & Clark, L. A. (2005). Validation of a computerized adaptive version of the
schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality (SNAP). Psychological Assessment,
17, 28-43. (DT measure not used)
Simon, L. J., Francis, P. L., & Lombardo, J. P. (1990). Sex, sex-role, and Machiavellianism as
correlates of decoding ability. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 243-247. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Simon, W. E., Wilde, V., & Cristal, R. M. (1973). Psychological needs of professional police
personnel. Psychological Reports, 33, 313-314. (DT measure not used)
Simonton, D. K. (1986). Presidential personality: Biographical use of the gough adjective check
list. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 149-160. (not empirical)
Singer, J. E. (1964). The use of manipulative strategies: Machiavellianism and attractiveness.
Sociometry, , 128-150. (not empirical)
Singer, M. S., & Singer, A. E. (1997). Observer judgements about moral agents' ethical
decisions: The role of scope of justice and moral intensity. Journal of Business Ethics,
16, 473-484. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Singhapakdi, A. & Vitell, S. J. (1992). Marketing ethics: Sales professionals versus other
marketing professionals. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 12, 27-38.
(DT measure not used)
Singhapakdi, A. (1993). Ethical perceptions of marketers: The interaction effects of
Machiavellianism and organizational ethical culture. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 407418. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Singhapakdi, A. (2004). Important factors underlying ethical intentions of students: Implications
for marketing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 26, 261. (DT measure not
used)
Singhapakdi, A., & Vitell, S. J. (1991). Research note: Selected factors influencing marketers'
deontological norms. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 19, 37. (DT
measure not used)
Singhapakdi, A., & Vitell, S. J. (1993). Personal and professional values underlying the ethical
judgments of marketers. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 525-533. (DT measure not
used)
Singhapakdi, A., Marta, J. K., Rallapalli, K. C., & Rao, C. (2000). Toward an understanding of
religiousness and marketing ethics: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 27,
305-319. (DT measure not used)
Singhapakdi, A., Rao, C., & Vitell, S. J. (1996). Ethical decision making: An investigation of
services marketing professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 635-644. (DT measure
not used)
Singhapakdi, A., Vitell, S. J., & Franke, G. R. (1999). Antecedents, consequences, and mediating
effects of perceived moral intensity and personal moral philosophies. Journal of the
Academy of Marketing Science, 27, 19. (DT measure not used)
Singhapakdi, A., Vitell, S. J., & Leelakulthanit, O. (1994). A cross-cultural study of moral
philosophies, ethical perceptions and judgements: A comparison of American and Thai
marketers. International Marketing Review, 11, 65-78. (DT measure not used)
Siu, W. (1998). Machiavellianism and retail banking executives in Hong Kong. Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 13, 28-37. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Siu, W., & Tam, K. (1995). Machiavellianism and Chinese banking executives in Hong Kong.
International Journal of Bank Marketing, 13, 15-21. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Sjöberg, L., & Littorin, P. (2005). Emotional intelligence, personality and sales performance.
Emotional Intelligence.Research Insights, , 126-142. (DT measure not used)
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive,
procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443. (DT
measure not used)
Skarlicki, D. P., Folger, R., & Tesluk, P. (1999). Personality as a moderator in the relationship
between fairness and retaliation. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 100-108. (DT
measure not used)
Skeem, J. L., Monahan, J., & Mulvey, E. P. (2002). Psychopathy, treatment involvement, and
subsequent violence among civil psychiatric patients. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 577603. (excluded population)
Skinner, N. F. (1981). Personality correlates of Machiavellianism: II. Machiavellianism and
achievement motivation in business. Social Behavior and Personality: An International
Journal, 9, 155-157. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skinner, N. F. (1982). Personality correlates of Machiavellianism: III. A simulation procedure
for identifying high machs. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal,
10, 197-199. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skinner, N. F. (1982). Personality correlates of Machiavellianism: IV. Machiavellianism and
psychopathology. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 10, 201203. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skinner, N. F. (1983). Personality correlates of Machiavellianism: V. Machiavellianism,
extraversion and toughmindedness in business. Social Behavior and Personality: An
International Journal, 11, 29-32. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skinner, N. F. (1988). Personality correlates of Machiavellianism: VI Machiavellianism and the
psychopath. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 16, 33-37.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skinner, N. F., Giokas, J. A., & Hornstein, H. A. (1976). Personality correlates of
Machiavellianism: a consensual validation. Social Behavior and Personality: An
International Journal, 4, 273-276. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Skopp, N. A., Edens, J. F., & Ruiz, M. A. (2007). Risk factors for institutional misconduct
among incarcerated women: An examination of the criterion-related validity of the
personality assessment inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, (excluded
population)
Sleeper, B. J., Schneider, K. C., Weber, P. S., & Weber, J. E. (2006). Scale and study of student
attitudes toward business education’s role in addressing social issues. Journal of Business
Ethics, 68, 381-391. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Small, M. W. (1992). Attitudes towards business ethics held by western Australian students: A
comparative study. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 745-752. (not empirical)
Smalley, R. L., & Stake, J. E. (1996). Evaluating sources of ego-threatening feedback: Self
esteem and narcissism effects. Journal of Research in Personality, (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Smelson, H. (1975). Psychiatric screening of police candidates. The Journal of the Medical
Society of New Jersey, 72(3), 213-216. (DT measure not used)
Smith, D. C., & Ostrom, E. (1974). The effects of training and education on police attitudes and
performance: A preliminary study. In Jacob, Herbert (Ed.). The Potential for Reform of
Criminal Justice. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. (DT measure not used)
Smith, D. E., Skalnik, J. R., & Skalnik, P. C. (1999). Ethical behavior of marketing managers
and MBA students: A comparative study. Teaching Business Ethics, 3, 321-335. (DT
measure not used)
Smith, D. L. (2001). Relationship among police officer characteristics and work-related
accidents. Unpublished master’s thesis, Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville. (DT
measure not used)
Smith, G. J. (1988). The noble sports fan. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 12, 54.
Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F., & Wang, Z. M. (1996). The manager as mediator of alternative
meanings: A pilot study from china, the USA and UK. Journal of International Business
Studies, 27, 115-137. (DT measure not used)
Smith, P. C., McTier, K., & Pope, K. R. (2009). Nonprofit employees’ Machiavellian
propensities. Financial Accountability & Management, 25, 335-352. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Smith, R. J. (1978). The psychopath in society. Academic Press. (not empirical)
Smith, R. J. (1999). Psychopathic behavior and issues of treatment. New Ideas in Psychology, 17,
165-176. (excluded population)
Smith, R. J., & Griffith, J. E. (1978). Psychopathy, the Machiavellian, and anomie.
Psychological Reports, 42, 258. (correlations not reported)
Smith, S. M., & Aamodt, M. G. (1997). The relationship between education, experience, and
police performance. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 12(2), 7-14. (DT
measure not used)
Smolewska, K., & Dion, K. (2005). Narcissism and adult attachment: A multivariate approach.
Self and Identity, 4, 59-68. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Snell, R. S., & Wong, Y. L. (2007). Differentiating good soldiers from good actors. Journal of
Management Studies, 44, 883-909. (DT measure not used)
Snell, R. S., Taylor, K. F., & Chak, A. M. (1997). Ethical dilemmas and ethical reasoning: A
study in Hong Kong. Human Resource Management Journal, 7, 19-30. (DT measure not
used)
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 30, 526-537. (DT measure not used)
Snyder, S., Pitts, W. M., & Pokorny, A. D. (1985). Affective and behavioral features of DSM-III
borderline personality disorder: Are they valid? Psychopathology, 18, 3-10. (excluded
population)
Solar, D., & Bruehl, D. (1971). Machiavellianism and locus of control: Two conceptions of
interpersonal power. Psychological Reports, 29, 1079-1082. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Solymossy, E., & Masters, J. K. (2002). Ethics through an entrepreneurial lens: Theory and
observation. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 227-240. (not empirical)
Sommer, S., Welsh, D., & Gubman, B. (2000). The ethical orientation of Russian entrepreneurs.
Applied Psychology, 49, 688-708. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Soon, L. G. (2003). Differences in ethical judgement between Chinese and Singaporeans:
Individual reactions to self and organizational interest considerations'. Singapore
Management Review, 25, 1-24. (not empirical)
Sopko, A. L. (2003). Communication Apprehension and Accuracy of Decoding Nonverbal
Signals: A Replication and Extension of Schroeder and Ketrow (1997), (DT measure not
used)
Sosik, J. J., & Jung, D. I. (2003). Impression management strategies and performance in
information technology consulting. Management Communication Quarterly, 17, 233.
(DT measure not used)
Spain, S. E., Douglas, K. S., Poythress, N. G., & Epstein, M. (2004). The relationship between
psychopathic features, violence and treatment outcome: The comparison of three youth
measures of psychopathic features. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22, 85-102.
(excluded population)
Spano, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise and anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, and
narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 87-93. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Sparks, J. R., & Hunt, S. D. (1998). Marketing researcher ethical sensitivity: Conceptualization,
measurement, and exploratory investigation. The Journal of Marketing, 62, 92-109. (DT
measure not used)
Sparks, J. R., & Merenski, J. P. (2000). Recognition-based measures of ethical sensitivity and
reformulated cognitive moral development: An examination and evidence of nomological
validity. Teaching Business Ethics, 4, 359-377. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Spaulding, H. C. (1980). Predicting police officer performance: The development of screening
and selection procedures based on criterion-related validity. Unpublished master’s
thesis, University of South Florida. (DT measure not used)
Speir, J. C. (1988). Police performance and psychological testing: Application of the MegargeeBohn MMPI-based classification system. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State
University. (repeat sample)
Spielberger, C. D., Spaulding, H. C., Jolley, M. T., & Ward, J. C. (1979). Selection of effective
law enforcement officers: The Florida police standards research project. In Charles D.
Spielberger (Ed.). Police Selection and Evaluation: Issues and Techniques. New York:
Praeger Publishers. (DT measure not used)
Spielberger, C. D., Spaulding, H. C., Ward, J. C., & Vagg, P. R. (1981). The Florida Police
Standards Research Project: The Validation of a Psychological Test Battery for Selecting
Law Enforcement Officers. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida. (DT measure
not used)
Sprenger, T. A. (1997). Comparing personality profiles of law enforcement officers and
criminals based on the MMPI and MMPI-2. Unpublished master’s thesis, Emporia State
University, Kansas. (DT measure not used)
Springston, J. K. (1987, April). The role of interaction involvement, Machiavellianism, and locus
of control of reinforcement on individual behavior in small task oriented groups.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 3611. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Spurlin, O., & Swander, C. (1987). Validity and fairness of the police officer written exam:
Research finding. Seattle, WA: Public Safety Civil Service Commission. (DT measure
not used)
Sputtek, R., & Floyd, S. W. (2010). Narzissmus, zentrale selbstbewertung und
kritikempfindlichkeit auf der führungsetage. Strategische Führung Auf Dem Prüfstand, ,
127-147. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Srnka, K. J. (2004). Culture’s role in marketers’ ethical decision making: An integrated
theoretical framework. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 1, 1-32. (not empirical)
Srnka, K. J., Gegez, A. E., & Arzova, S. B. (2007). Why is it (un-) ethical? comparing potential
european partners: A western christian and an eastern islamic Country–On arguments
used in explaining ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 101-118. (DT
measure not used)
Staff, T. G. (1992). The utility of biographical data in predicting job performance: Implications
for the selection of police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
Toledo. (DT measure not used)
Stafford, A. R. (1983). The relationship of job performance to personal characteristics of police
patrol officers in selected Mississippi police departments. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi. (DT measure not used)
Stanfield, G. G. (1974). A critique and integration of the major social psychological approaches
to the study of coalition formation. The Kansas Journal of Sociology, 10, 1-13. (not
empirical)
Stangor, C., & Thompson, E. P. (2002). Needs for cognitive economy and self-enhancement as
unique predictors of intergroup attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32,
563-575. (DT measure not used)
Stanish, H. I., Wood, T. M., & Campagna, P. (1999). Prediction of performance on the RCMP
physical ability requirement evaluation. Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 41(8), 669-677. (DT measure not used)
Steenhaut, S., & Van Kenhove, P. (2006). An empirical investigation of the relationships among
a consumer’s personal values, ethical ideology and ethical beliefs. Journal of Business
Ethics, 64, 137-155. (DT measure not used)
Steenhaut, S., & Van Kenhove, P. (2006). The mediating role of anticipated guilt in consumers’
ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 269-288. (DT measure not
used)
Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Gift giving, bribery and corruption: Ethical management of business
relationships in china. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 121-132. (not empirical)
Stephens, P. H. G. (2004). Nature and human liberty. Organization & Environment, 17, 76. (not
empirical)
Stepp, S. (2007). Predictive validity of the five-factor model profiles for. Antisocial and
borderline personality disorders. Unpublished dissertation. University of MissouriColumbia. (DT measure not used)
Stepp, S. D., Trull, T. J., Burr, R. M., Wolfenstein, M., & Vieth, A. Z. (2005). Incremental
validity of the structured interview for the Five-Factor model of personality (SIFFM).
European Journal of Personality, 19, 343-357. (DT measure not used)
Sterne, D. M. (1960). Use of the Kuder Preference Record, Personal, with police officers.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 44(5), 323-324. (DT measure not used)
Sterrett, M. R. (1984). The utility of the Bipolar Psychological Inventory for predicting tenure of
law enforcement officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Claremont Graduate
College. (DT measure not used)
Stevens, D. (November, 2006). The effects of social pressure, pay scheme, and intrinsic controls
on budgetary slack. Paper presented at AAA Management Accounting Conference, San
Antonio, TX. (DT measure not used)
Stevenson, C. W. (1991). A comparison of psychological characteristics of standout police
officers and Oregon police academy trainees. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oregon
State University. (DT measure not used)
Stevenson, L. A. (1986). Against all odds: The entrepreneurship of women. Journal of Small
Business Management, 24, 30-36. (not empirical)
Stevenson, T. H., & Bodkin, C. D. (1998). A cross-national comparison of university students'
perceptions regarding the ethics and acceptability of sales practices. Journal of Business
Ethics, 17, 45-55. (DT measure not used)
Stewart, AE, & Stewart, EA (2006). The preference to excel and its relationship to selected
personality variables. Journal of Individual Psychology, 62, 270-284. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Stohr-Gillmore, M. K., Stohr-Gillmore, M. W., & Kistler, N. (1990). Improving selection
outcomes with the use of situational interviews: Empirical evidence from a study of
correctional officers for new generation jails. Review of Public Personnel Administration,
10(2), 1-18. (DT measure not used)
Stone, JE (1995). Inflated grades, inflated enrollment, and inflated budgets: an analysis and call
for review at the state level. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 3, 1-33. (not
empirical)
Stone, W. F., & Russ, R. C. (1976). Machiavellianism as tough-mindedness. The Journal of
Social Psychology, 98, 213-220. (not empirical)
Strassle, C. G. (1997). Assessing police applicants: A further look at MMPI and Rorschach data.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. (DT measure not
used)
Strauss, P. S., & Fiore, M. V. (1965). Machiavellianism and industrial behavior. Psychological
Reports, 17, 825-826. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Strelan, P. (2007). Who forgives others, themselves, and situations? The roles of narcissism,
guilt, self esteem , and agreeableness. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 259269. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Strong, K., & Nicholson, J. (1998). Managing in Eastern Europe: The challenge of developing
effective organizations in russia. Organization Development Journal, 16, 75-82. (DT
measure not used)
Strum, S. C., Forster, D., & Hutchins, E. (1997). Why Machiavellian intelligence may not be
Machiavellian. Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations, 50–85. (not
empirical)
Stucke, T. S., & Sporer, S. L. (2002). When a grandiose self-image is threatened: Narcissism and
self-concept clarity as predictors of negative emotions and aggression following egothreat. Journal of Personality, 70, 509-532. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Stuhlmacher, A. F., & Citera, M. (2005). Hostile behavior and profit in virtual negotiation: A
meta-analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20, 69-93. (DT measure not used)
Sturdivant, F. D., Ginter, J. L., & Sawyer, A. G. (1985). Managers' conservatism and corporate
performance. Strategic Management Journal, 6, 17-38. (not empirical)
Sturek, J. C., Loper, A. B., & Warren, J. I. (2008). Psychopathy in female inmates: The SCID-II
personality questionnaire and the PCL-R. Psychological Services, 5, 309-319. (excluded
population)
Sturman, T. S. (2000). The motivational foundations and behavioral expressions of three
narcissistic styles. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 28, 393407. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Subrahmanyam, A. (2005). A cognitive theory of corporate disclosures. Financial Management,
34, 5-33. (DT measure not used)
Sullivan, R. J., & Allen, J. (1999). Social deficits associated with schizophrenia defined in terms
of interpersonal Machiavellianism. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99, 148-154.
(excluded population)
Super, J. T. (1995). Psychological characteristics of successful SWAT/tactical response team
personnel. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 11(1), 60-63. (DT measure not
used)
Surrette, M. A., Ebert, J. M., Willis, M. A., & Smallidge, T. M. (2003). Personality of law
enforcement officials: A comparison of law enforcement officials’ personality profiles
based on size of community. Public Personnel Management, 32(2), 279-285. (DT
measure not used)
Sussman, L., Adams, A. J., Kuzmits, F. E., & Raho, L. E. (2002). Organizational politics:
Tactics, channels, and hierarchical roles. Journal of Business Ethics, 40, 313-329. (DT
measure not used)
Sutin, A. R., & Robins, R. W. (2005). Continuity and correlates of emotions and motives in self
defining memories. Journal of Personality, 73, 793-824. (DT measure not used)
Sutin, A. R., & Robins, R. W. (2008). Going forward by drawing from the past: Personal
strivings, personally meaningful memories, and personality traits. Journal of Personality,
76, 631-664. (DT measure not used)
Sutton, J. (2003). Social cognition and social values in bullying. Individual Differences in Theory
of Mind: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development. (excluded population)
Sutton, J., & Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying,
Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 443456. (excluded population)
Sutton, J., & Keogh, E. (2001). Components of Machiavellian beliefs in children: Relationships
with personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 137-148. (excluded
population)
Svindseth, M. F., Sørebø, Ø., Nøttestad, J. A., Roaldset, J. O., Wallin, J., & Dahl, A. A. (2009).
Psychometric examination and normative data for the narcissistic personality inventory
29 item version. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50, 151-159. (excluded
population)
Svindseth, M., Nøttestad, J., Wallin, J., Roaldset, J., & Dahl, A. (2008). Narcissism in patients
admitted to psychiatric acute wards: Its relation to violence, suicidality and other
psychopathology. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 13. (excluded population)
Swaidan, Z. & Hayes, L. A. (2005). Hofstede theory and cross cultural ethics conceptualization,
review, and research agenda. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 6, 1-16.
(not empirical)
Swan, G. A. (1974, May). Machiavellianism, impulsivity, field dependence-independence, and
performance on the Prisoners' Dilemma game. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34,
5695. (laboratory study)
Sweetland, S. R., & Hoy, W. K. (2001). Varnishing the truth in schools-principals and teachers
spinning reality. Journal of Educational Administration, 39, 282-294. (DT measure not
used)
Sypher, H. E., Nightingale, J. P., Vielhaber, M. E., & Sypher, B. D. (1981). The interpersonal
constructs of Machiavellians: A reconsideration. British Journal of Social Psychology,
20, 155-156. (not empirical)
Szwajkowski, E. (1992). Accounting for organizational misconduct. Journal of Business Ethics,
11, 401-411. (not empirical)
Taggar, S., & Parkinson, J. (2007). Personality tests in accounting research. Journal of Human
Resource Costing & Accounting, 11, 122-151. (not empirical)
Talley, J. E., & Hinz, L. D. (1990). Performance prediction of public safety and law enforcement
personnel. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. (DT measure not used)
Tal-Or, N., Philosoph, M., Shapira, N., & Malca, G. (2005). Impressions formed in response to
public self-evaluation maintenance strategies. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 41, 388-395. (DT measure not used)
Tamborini, R., Stiff, J., & Zillman, D. (1987). Preference for graphic horror featuring male
versus female victimization. Human Communication Research, 13, 529-552. (not
empirical)
Tan, B. (2002). The impact of national environment on managerial value systems: A comparative
study of Chinese managers in the united states, Singapore and the people's republic of
china. MIR: Management International Review, , 473-486. (DT measure not used)
Tang, T. L. P. (2007). Income and quality of life: Does the love of money make a difference?
Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 375-393. (DT measure not used)
Tang, T. L. P., & Chen, Y. J. (2008). Intelligence vs. wisdom: The love of money,
Machiavellianism, and unethical behavior across college major and gender. Journal of
Business Ethics, 82, 1-26. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tang, T. L. P., Chen, Y. J., & Sutarso, T. (2008). Bad apples in bad (business) barrels: The love
of money, Machiavellianism, risk tolerance, and unethical behavior. Management
Decision, 46, 243-263. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tansey, R., Brown, G., Hyman, M. R., & Dawson Jr, L. E. Personal moral philosophies and the
moral judgments of salespeople. The Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,
14, 59-75. (not empirical)
Tansey, R., Hyman, M. R., & Brown, G. (1992). Ethical judgments about wartime ads depicting
combat. Journal of Advertising, , 57-74. (not empirical)
Tarran-Jones, A. (2008). The influences of prosocial and antisocial behaviour on social support
and subjective well-being. Unpublished Dissertation. Edinburgh Research Archive. (DT
measure not used)
Teague, L. G. (1979, September). Machiavellianism and therapist orientation. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 40, 1291. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tenerowicz, C. M. (1992). A longitudinal study of personality change in urban police officers:
Educational implications. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cleveland State University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K., Henle, C. A., & Lambert, L. S. (2006). Procedural injustice, victim
precipitation, and abusive supervision. Personnel Psychology, 59, 101-123. (not
empirical)
Tepper, B., Moss, S., Lockhart, D., & Carr, J. (2007). Abusive supervision, upward maintenance
communication, and subordinates' psychological distress. Academy of Management
Journal, 50, 1169-1180. (DT measure not used)
Terpstra-Tong, J., & Ralston, D. A. (2002). Moving toward a global understanding of upward
influence strategies: An Asian perspective with directions for cross-cultural research.
Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 373-404. (DT measure not used)
Tessin, M. J. (1973, February). An investigation of the relationship between emergent leadership
and several potential predictor variables in an academic setting. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 33, 39-74. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tett, R. P., Fox, K. E., & Wang, A. (2005). Development and validation of a self-report measure
of emotional intelligence as a multidimensional trait domain. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 31, 859-888. (DT measure not used)
Teven, J. J. (2007). Teacher temperament: Correlates with teacher caring, burnout, and
organizational outcomes. Communication Education, 56, 382-400. (DT measure not
used)
Teven, J. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (2006). Communication correlates of
perceived Machiavellianism of supervisors: Communication orientations and outcomes.
Communication Quarterly, 54, 127-142. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Thelen, S. & Zhuplev, A. (2011). Comparing Russian and American attitudes on ethical issues
in managing small firms in Russia. Unpublished manuscript. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., Orobio de Castro, B., & Stegge, G. (2009). What makes narcissists
bloom? A framework for research on the etiology and development of narcissism.
Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1233–1247. (not empirical)
Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., Stegge, H., & Olthof, T. (2008). Trumping shame by blasts of
noise: Narcissism, self esteem , shame, and aggression in young adolescents. Child
Development, 79, 1792-1801. (excluded population)
Thomas, M. J. (2000). Commentary: Princely thoughts on Machiavelli, marketing and
management. European Journal of Marketing, 34, 524-537. (not empirical)
Thompson, G. A. (1981, September). A study of the relationship between a superintendent's
Machiavellianism and the perceived strategies he/she uses to manage conflict.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 955. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Thomson, N., & Martinko, M. (1998). Observer attribution style: An empirical analysis of the
cross-situational stability of observer attributions. Southern Management Association
Proceedings, 86-89. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tiburzi, M. J. (1996). Use of pre-employment MMPI scores in predicting domestic violence
perpetration in a large metropolitan police department. Unpublished master’s thesis,
Loyola College. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tidwell, H. D. (1993). The predictive value of biographical data: An analysis of using biodata to
predict short tenure or unsuitability of police officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Texas - Arlington. (DT measure not used)
Tilly, G. T. (1972, June). An evaluation of personality factors associated with changes following
laboratory training. Dissertation Abstracts International, 32, 7326. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Timmermans, G., & Sternbach, R. A. (1974). Factors of human chronic pain: An analysis of
personality and pain reaction variables. Science, 184, 806. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Toegel, G., Anand, N., & Kilduff, M. (2007). Emotion helpers: the role of high positive
affectivity and high self monitoring managers. Personnel Psychology, 60, 337-365. (DT
measure not used)
Tomini, B. A. (1995). The person-job fit: Implications of selecting police personnel on the basis
of job dimensions, aptitudes and personality traits. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Windsor. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tompkins, L. P. (1986). An evaluation of police academy training upon selected recruits and its
relationship to job performance. Unpublished master’s thesis, Rollins College, FL. (DT
measure not used)
Topi, H., Valacich, J. S., & Rao, M. T. (2002). The effects of personality and media differences
on the performance of dyads addressing a cognitive conflict task. Small Group Research,
33, 667. (DT measure not used)
Topol, M. T., & Gable, M. (1988). Job satisfaction and Machiavellian orientation among
discount store executives. Psychological Reports, 62, 907-912. (correlations not
reported)
Topp, B. W., & Kardash, C. A. (1986). Personality, achievement, and attrition: Validation in a
multiplejurisdiction police academy. Journal of Police Science and Administration,
14(3), 234-241. (DT measure not used)
Torregiante, K. M. (2005). Destructive personality traits and leadership performance: A patternoriented approach. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Torres, C. (2002). Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and
narcissism. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Australian National University.,
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Touhey, J. C. (1973). Child-rearing antecedents and the emergence of Machiavellianism.
Sociometry, 36, 194-206. (excluded population)
Touhey, J. C. (1973). Intelligence, Machiavellianism and social mobility. British Journal of
Social & Clinical Psychology, 12, 34-37. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Touhey, J. C. (1977a). Machiavellianism and teachers' perceptions of elementary school pupils.
British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 16, 95-96. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Touhey, J. C. (1977b). Personality correlates of attraction in response to attitude similarity.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 117-119. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Tourigny, L., Dougan, W. L., Washbush, J., & Clements, C. (2003). Explaining executive
integrity: Governance, charisma, personality and agency. Management Decision, 41,
1035-1049. (not empirical)
Treadway, D. C., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., Ammeter, A. P.,
& Buckley, M. R. (2004). Leader political skill and employee reactions. The Leadership
Quarterly, 15, 493-513. (DT measure not used)
Treadway, D. C., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., & Ferris, G. R. (2005). Political will,
political skill, and political behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 229-245.
(DT measure not used)
Trébucq, S. (2005). De l'idéologie et de la philosophie en gouvernance d'entreprise. Revue
Française De Gestion, 158, 49-67. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Triche, A. B. (2006). Shyness and Social Phobia. Undergraduate honors program psychology
characteristics of shy and socially phobic individuals. Unpublished manuscript.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tripathi, R. C., & Sinha, Y. Y. (1981). Social influence & development of Machiavellianism.
Psychological Studies, 26, 58-61. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Trivedi, V. U., Shehata, M., & Lynn, B. (2003). Impact of personal and situational factors on
taxpayer compliance: An experimental analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 47, 175-197.
(DT measure not used)
Trumpeter, N. N., Watson, P., O'Leary, B. J., & Weathington, B. L. (2008). Self-functioning and
perceived parenting: Relations of parental empathy and love inconsistency with
narcissism, depression, and self esteem . The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 169, 51-71.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Trumpeter, N., Watson, P., & O'Leary, B. J. (2006). Factors within multidimensional
perfectionism scales: Complexity of relationships with self esteem , narcissism, selfcontrol, and self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 849-860.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Truxillo, D. M., Bennett, S. R., & Collins, M. L. (1998). College education and police job
performance: A ten-year study. Public Personnel Management, 27(2), 269-280.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008). Do today's young people really
think they are so extraordinary? Psychological Science, 19, 181. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008). Is “Generation me” really more
narcissistic than previous generations? Journal of Personality, 76, 903-918. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Tsalikis, J., & Fritzsche, D. J. (1989). Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on
marketing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 8, 695-743. (not empirical)
Tschanz, B. T., Morf, C. C., & Turner, C. W. (1998). Gender differences in the structure of
narcissism: A multi-sample analysis of the narcissistic personality inventory. Sex Roles,
38, 863-870. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Tsfati, Y. (2004). Exploring possible correlates of journalists' perceptions of audience trust.
Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81, 274-291. (DT measure not used)
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of
the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of
Management, 26, 155-169. (references examined)
Turner, C. F., & Martinez, D. C. (1977). Socioeconomic achievement and the Machiavellian
personality. Sociometry, , 325-336. (correlations not reported)
Turnipseed, D. L. (2002). Are good soldiers good?: Exploring the link between organization
citizenship behavior and personal ethics. Journal of Business Research, 55, 1-15. (not
empirical)
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, S. M. (2008). Generational differences in psychological traits and
their impact on the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 862-877.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2003). “Isn’t it fun to get the respect that We’re going to
deserve?” narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 29, 261. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Increases in positive self-views among high school
students. Psychological Science, 19, 1082. (excluded population)
Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2008). Mapping the scale of the narcissism epidemic: Increases
in narcissism 2002-2007 within ethnic groups. Journal of Research in Personality, 42,
1619-1622. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Twenge, J. M., Gentile, B., DeWall, C. N., Ma, D., Lacefield, K., & Schurtz, D. R. (2010). Birth
cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938-2007: A crosstemporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 145-154.
(excluded population)
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Further
evidence of an increase in narcissism among college students. Journal of Personality, 76,
919-928. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos
inflating over time: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of the narcissistic personality
inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875-902. (primary studies searched)
Tyler, T. A. (1989). Executive summary: MEAS police officer examination. Flossmoor, IL: Merit
Employment Assessment Services, Inc. (DT measure not used)
Tziner, A. (1999). The relationship between distal and proximal factors and the use of political
considerations in performance appraisal. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 217231. (DT measure not used)
Tziner, A., Latham, G. P., Price, B. S., & Haccoun, R. (1996). Development and validation of a
questionnaire for measuring perceived political considerations in performance appraisal.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, (DT measure not used)
Uleman, J. S. (1971). Awareness and motivation in generalized verbal conditioning. Journal of
Experimental Research in Personality, 5, 257-267. (DT measure not used)
Vacchiano, R. B., Strauss, P. S., & Schiffman, D. C. (1968). Personality correlates of
dogmatism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 83. (correlations not
reported)
Vada, A. V. (1977, December). The relationship of locus of control to manipulative attitudes and
behavior of imprisoned sociopaths. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38, 2892.
(excluded population)
Valentine, S. (2004). Employment counseling and organizational ethical values. Journal of
Employment Counseling, 41, 146-155. (DT measure not used)
Valentine, S. and Fleischaman, G. (2003), The impact of self esteem , Machiavellianism, and
social capital on attorney's traditional gender outlook. Journal of Business Ethics, 43,
323-333. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Valentine, S. R., & Rittenburg, T. L. (2007). The ethical decision making of men and women
executives in international business situations. Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 125-134.
(DT measure not used)
Valentine, S., & Page, K. (2006). Nine to five: Skepticism of women’s employment and ethical
reasoning. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 53-61. (DT measure not used)
Valentine, S., Fleischman, G., & Godkin, L. (2003). Work social agency as a function of self
esteem and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 93, 855-858. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of
an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human Relations, 53, 359. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Van der Kloot, W. A., & Brouwer, P. (1982). A revised scoring procedure for the Mach V scale:
A rationale and some results. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie, 10, 282-292.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Van Kenhove, P., Vermeir, I., & Verniers, S. (2001). An empirical investigation of the
relationships between ethical beliefs, ethical ideology, political preference and need for
closure. Journal of Business Ethics, 32, 347-361. (DT measure not used)
Van Zyl, E., & Lazenby, K. (1999). Ethical behaviour in the South African organizational
context: Essential and workable. Journal of Business Ethics, 21, 15-22. (DT measure not
used)
van Zyl, E., & Lazenby, K. (2002). The relation between ethical behaviour and workstress
amongst a group of managers working in affirmative action positions. Journal of
Business Ethics, 40, 111-119. (DT measure not used)
Varela, J. G., Scogin, F. R., & Vipperman, R. K. (1999). Development and preliminary
validation of a semi-structured interview for the screening of law enforcement candidates.
Behavioral Science and the Law, 17(4), 467-481. (DT measure not used)
Varma, A., Toh, S. M., & Pichler, S. (2006). Ingratiation in job applications: Impact on selection
decisions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 200-210. (not empirical)
Vazire, S., & Funder, D. C. (2006). Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists.
Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 154. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Portrait of a narcissist:
Manifestations of narcissism in physical appearance. Journal of Research in Personality,
42, 1439-1447. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative emotion in the workplace: Employee jealousy and envy.
International Journal of Stress Management, 7, 161-179. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Vecchio, R. P., & Sussmann, M. (1991). Choice of influence tactics: Individual and
organizational determinants. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 73-80. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Veneziano, L., & Veneziano, C. (2002). The development and validation of the dormitory
observation report: A behavioral rating instrument for juvenile delinquents in residential
care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1103-1117. (excluded population)
Verbeke, W., Belschak, F., Wuyts, S., & Bagozzi, R. (2004). Account managers creation of
social capital: Communal and instrumental investments and performance implications.
ERIM Report Series Reference no.ERS-2004-011-MKT. (DT measure not used)
Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Martin, R. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2010). Relations between humor
styles and the dark triad traits of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 48,
772-774. (intercorrelations not reported)
Viljoen, J. L., & Roesch, R. (2005). Competence to waive interrogation rights and adjudicative
competence in adolescent defendants: Cognitive development, attorney contact, and
psychological symptoms. Law and Human Behavior, 29, 723-742. (excluded
population)
Viljoen, J. L., Klaver, J., & Roesch, R. (2005). Legal decisions of preadolescent and adolescent
defendants: Predictors of confessions, pleas, communication with attorneys, and appeals.
Law and Human Behavior, 29, 253-277. (excluded population)
Visser, B. A. (2010). An Investigation of the Psychopathy Construct and its (Novel) Correlates.
Viswesvaran, C., & Deshpande, S. P. (1996). Ethics, success, and job satisfaction: A test of
dissonance theory in India. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1065-1069. (DT measure not
used)
Viswesvaran, C., Deshpande, S. P., & Joseph, J. (1998). Job satisfaction as a function of top
management support for ethical behavior: A study of Indian managers. Journal of
Business Ethics, 17, 365-371. (DT measure not used)
Vitale, J. E., & Newman, J. P. (2001). Using the psychopathy Checklist Revised with female
samples: Reliability, validity, and implications for clinical utility. Clinical Psychology:
Science and Practice, 8, 117-132. (not empirical)
Vitale, J. E., Smith, S. S., Brinkley, C. A., & Newman, J. P. (2002). The reliability and validity
of the psychopathy Checklist–Revised in a sample of female offenders. Criminal Justice
and Behavior, 29, 202. (excluded population)
Vitell, S. J. (2003). Consumer ethics research: Review, synthesis and suggestions for the future.
Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 33-47. (not empirical)
Vitell, S. J., & Ho, F. N. (1997). Ethical decision making in marketing: A synthesis and
evaluation of scales measuring the various components of decision making in ethical
situations. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 699-717. (not empirical)
Vitell, S. J., & Muncy, J. (1992). Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of factors
influencing ethical judgments of the final consumer. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 585597. (DT measure not used)
Vitell, S. J., & Paolillo, J. G. P. (2003). Consumer ethics: The role of religiosity. Journal of
Business Ethics, 46, 151-162. (DT measure not used)
Vitell, S. J., Nwachukwu, S. L., & Barnes, J. H. (1993). The effects of culture on ethical
decision-making: An application of Hofstede's typology. Journal of Business Ethics, 12,
753-760. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Vittengl, J. R., Clark, L. A., & Jarrett, R. B. (2003). Interpersonal problems, personality
pathology, and social adjustment after cognitive therapy for depression. Psychological
Assessment, 15, 29. (excluded population)
Vleeming, R. (1979). Machiavellianism: A preliminary review. Psychological Reports, 44, 295310. (not empirical)
Vleeming, R. (1979). Machiavellianism: Some problems with a Dutch Mach V scale.
Psychological Reports, 45, 715-718. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Vleeming, R. (1984). The nomothetical network of a Machiavellianism scale. Psychological
Reports, 54, 617-618. (correlations not reported)
Vleeming, R. G. (1981). Some sources of behavioral variance as measured by an S-R Inventory
of Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 48, 359-368. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., & Ciarocco, N. J. (2005). Self-regulation and self-presentation:
Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful selfpresentation depletes regulatory resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
88, 632-657. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Von Collani, G., & Werner, R. (2005). Self-related and motivational constructs as determinants
of aggression. An analysis and validation of a German version of the Buss-Perry
aggression questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1631-1643.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Vosburgh, B. V. (1987). Police personality and performance: A concurrent validity study.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology - Los
Angeles. (DT measure not used)
Vredenburgh, D., & Brender, Y. (1998). The hierarchical abuse of power in work organizations.
Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 1337-1347. (not empirical)
Vrij, A., Akehurst, L., Soukara, S., & Bull, R. (2002). Will the truth come out? the effect of
deception, age, status, coaching, and social skills on CBCA scores. Law and Human
Behavior, 26, 261-283. (DT measure not used)
Wagner, J. A., Klein, N. M., & Keith, J. E. (2001). Selling strategies: The effects of suggesting a
decision structure to novice and expert buyers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing
Science, 29, 290. (DT measure not used)
Wahlin, W. S. (1967). Machiavellianism and winning or losing mathematical games.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 28, 1905. (lab experiment)
Waldman, D. A., & Yammarino, F. J. (1999). CEO charismatic leadership: Levels-ofmanagement and levels-of-analysis effects. Academy of Management Review, 24, 266285. (not empirical)
Waldron, D. A. (1998). Status in organizations: Where evolutionary theory ranks. Managerial
and Decision Economics, 19, 505-520. (not empirical)
Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with
perceived opportunity for glory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 819834. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Walle, A. H. (2001). Machiavelli, humanistic empiricism and marketing research. Management
Decision, 39, 403-406. (not empirical)
Walter, H. L., Anderson, C. M., & Martin, M. M. (2005). How subordinates’ Machiavellianism
and motives relate to satisfaction with superiors. Communication Quarterly, 53, 57-70.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wampler, M. M. (2006). Gender differences in the association between psychopathic traits and
cortisol response to induced stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 183-191. (DT
measure not used)
Wang, ZM (2003). Managerial competency modelling and the development of organizational
psychology: a Chinese approach. International Journal of Psychology, 38, 323-34. (DT
measure not used)
Ward, J. C. (1981). The predictive validity of personality and demographic variables in the
selection of law enforcement officers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
South Florida. (DT measure not used)
Wardle, M. G., & Gloss, D. S. (1982). Effects of lying and conformity on decision-making
behavior. Psychological Reports, 51, 871-877. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Warr, P., Bartram, D., & Martin, T. (2005). Personality and sales performance: Situational
variation and interactions between traits. International Journal of Selection and
Assessment, 13, 87-91. (DT measure not used)
Warren, J. I., South, S. C., Burnette, M. L., Rogers, A., Friend, R., Bale, R., & Van Patten, I.
(2005). Understanding the risk factors for violence and criminality in women: The
concurrent validity of the PCL-R and HCR-20. International Journal of Law and
Psychiatry, 28, 269-289. (excluded population)
Washburn, J. J., McMahon, S. D., King, C. A., Reinecke, M. A., & Silver, C. (2004). Narcissistic
features in young adolescents: Relations to aggression and internalizing symptoms.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 247-260. (excluded population)
Wasserman, L. M. (1975, June). The effects of Machiavellianism, expected reward, and
attitudinal similarity-dissimilarity upon aggression. Dissertation Abstracts International,
35, 6171. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wastell, C., & Booth, A. (2003). Machiavellianism: An alexithymic perspective. Journal of
Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 730-744. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Waterhouse, L. (2006). Inadequate evidence for multiple intelligences, mozart effect, and
emotional intelligence theories. Educational Psychologist, 41, 247-255. (DT measure
not used)
Watson, P. J., Morris, R. J., & Miller, L. (1998). Narcissism and the self as continuum:
Correlations with assertiveness and hypercompetitiveness. Imagination, Cognition and
Personality, 17, 249-259. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., & Biderman, M. D. (1993). Narcissistic personality inventory factors, splitting, and
self-consciousness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 41-41. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Watson, P., & Biderman, M. D. (1994). Narcissistic traits scale: Validity evidence and sex
differences in narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 501-504. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., & Morris, R. J. (1991). Narcissism, empathy and social desirability. Personality and
Individual Differences, 12, 575-579. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Biderman, M. D., & Boyd, C. (1989). Androgyny as synthetic narcissism: Sex role
measures and kohut's psychology of the self. Sex Roles, 21, 175-207. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Biderman, M. D., & Sawrie, S. M. (1994). Empathy, sex role orientation, and
narcissism. Sex Roles, 30, 701-723. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Grisham, S. O., Trotter, M. V., & Biderman, M. D. (1984). Narcissism and empathy:
Validity evidence for the narcissistic personality inventory. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 48, 301-305. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Hickman, S. E., & Morris, R. J. (1996). Self-reported narcissism and shame: Testing
the defensive self esteem and continuum hypotheses. Personality and Individual
Differences, 21, 253-259. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Hickman, S. E., Morris, R. J., & Milliron, J. T. (1995). Narcissism, self esteem , and
parental nurturance. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 129, 61-73.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Hood Jr, R. W., & Morris, R. J. (1984). Religious orientation, humanistic values, and
narcissism. Review of Religious Research, 25, 257-264. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Watson, P., Little, T., & Biderman, M. D. (1992). Narcissism and parenting styles.
Psychoanalytic Psychology, 9, 231-244. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Little, T., Sawrie, S. M., & Biderman, M. D. (1992). Measures of the narcissistic
personality: Complexity of relationships with self esteem and empathy. Journal of
Personality Disorders, 6, 434-449. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Milliron, J. T., & Morris, R. J. (1995). Social desirability scales and theories of
suicide: Correlations with alienation and self-consciousness. Personality and Individual
Differences, 18, 701-711. (DT measure not used)
Watson, P., Morris, R. J., & Hood, R. W. (1988). Sin and self-functioning. Journal of
Psychology and Theology, 16, 254-281. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Morris, R. J., & Hood, R. W. (1989). Intrinsicness, religious self-love, and
narcissism. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 8, 31-37. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Morris, R. J., Hood, R. W., & Folbrecht, J. (1990). Dependency," irrationality," and
community. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 18, 348-362. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Sawrie, S. M., & Biderman, M. D. (1991). Personal control, assumptive worlds, and
narcissism. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6, 929-941. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Sawrie, S. M., Greene, R. L., & Arredondo, R. (2002). Narcissism and depression:
MMPI-2 evidence for the continuum hypothesis in clinical samples. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 79, 85-109. (excluded population)
Watson, P., Taylor, D., & Morris, R. J. (1987). Narcissism, sex roles, and self-functioning. Sex
Roles, 16, 335-350. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Trumpeter, N., O'Leary, B. J., Morris, R. J., & Culhane, S. E. (2006). Narcissism and
self esteem in the presence of imagined others: Supportive versus destructive object
representations and the continuum hypothesis. Imagination, Cognition and Personality,
25, 253-268. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, P., Varnell, S. P., & Morris, R. J. (2000). Self-reported narcissism and perfectionism:
An ego-psychological perspective and the continuum hypothesis. Imagination Cognition
and Personality, 19, 59-70. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Watson, W. E., Minzenmayer, T., & Bowler, M. (2006). Type a personality characteristics and
the effect on individual and team academic performance. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 36, 1110-1128. (DT measure not used)
Waugh, L. (1996). Police officer recruit selection: Predictors of academy performance.
Queensland, Australia: Queensland Police Academy. (DT measure not used)
Wayne, S. J., & Rubinstein, D. (1992). Extending game theoretic propositions about slack and
scarcity in managerial decision making. Human Relations, 45, 525-536. (lab
experiment)
Weber, J., & Wasieleski, D. (2001). Investigating influences on managers’ moral reasoning.
Business & Society, 40, 79-110. (DT measure not used)
Webster, G., Kirkpatrick, L., Nezlek, J., Smith, C. V., & Paddock, E. L. (2007). Different slopes
for different folks: Self esteem instability and gender as moderators of the relationship
between self esteem and attitudinal aggression. Self and Identity, 6, 74-94. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Webster, R. L., & Harmon, H. A. (2000). Tendencies of contemporary business students toward
Machiavellianism: does the university environment have an influence? Business and
Behavioral Sciences Track Section of Marketing, 7, 348-459. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Webster, R. L., & Harmon, H. A. (2002). Comparing levels of Machiavellianism of today's
college students with college students of the 1960s. Teaching Business Ethics, 6, 435445. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Weekes, E. M. (1994). The influence of personality dimensions and physical abilities on a pistol
shooting task. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Houston. (correlations
not reported)
Weeks, W. A., Longenecker, J. G., McKinney, J. A., & Moore, C. W. (2005). The role of mere
exposure effect on ethical tolerance: A two-study approach. Journal of Business Ethics,
58, 281-294. (DT measure not used)
Weider, D. J. (1978, November). The utility of thought, time, and utterance units for analyzing
dyadic communication: A methodological study. Dissertation Abstracts International,
39, 2621. (DT measure not used)
Weimer, J. (1989, August). Machiavellianism and computer-mediated communication: An
experiment in the software psychology of terminal to terminal communication.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 773. (lab experiment)
Weinberg, M. J. (1978, March). Machiavellianism: Frustration of both task and interpersonal
orientation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38, 5371. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Weinstein, E. A., Beckhouse, L. S., Blumstein, P. W., & Stein, R. B. (1968). Interpersonal
strategies under conditions of gain or loss. Journal of Personality, 36, 616-634. (outcome
not task performance or CWB)
Weirman, C. L. (1978). Variances of ability measurement scores obtained by college and noncollege educated troopers. The Police Chief, 45(8), 34-36. (DT measure not used)
Weiss, B., & Feldman, R. S. (2006). Looking good and lying to do it: Deception as an
impression management strategy in job interviews. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
36, 1070-1086. (DT measure not used)
Weiss, W. U., Davis, R., Rostow, C., & Kinsman, S. (2003). The MMPI-2 L scale as a tool in
police selection. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 18(1), 57-60. (DT measure
not used)
Weiss, W. U., Decoster, E., Davis, R., & Rostow, C. (2003, October). The Personality
Assessment Inventory as a selection device for law enforcement personnel. Paper
presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology,
Corpus Christi, Texas. (DT measure not used)
Weiss, W. U., Serafino, G., Serafino, A., Wilson, W., & Knoll, S. (1998). Use of the MMPI-2 to
predict the employment continuation and performance ratings of recently hired police
officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 13(1), 40-44. (DT measure not
used)
Weiss, W. U., Serafino, G., Serafino, A., Wilson, W., Sarsany, J., & Felton, J. (1999). Use of the
MMPI-2 and the Inwald Personality Inventory to identify personality characteristics of
dropouts from a state police academy. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 14(1),
38-42. (DT measure not used)
Weiss, W. U., Yates, D., & Buehler, K. (1996). Occupational satisfaction and competence of
police officers as predicted by the Kuder Interest Inventory. Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 10(4), 53-56. (DT measure not used)
Weiss-Wik, S. (1983). Enhancing negotiators' successfulness. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 27,
706-739. (not empirical)
Weitzel, W. (1970). The Measure of a Machiavellian. PsycCRITIQUES, 15(12), 779-780.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Weitzel, W. F. (1971, May). Behavioral and personality correlates of Machiavellianism: A small
group experiment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 31, 6165. (lab experiment)
Wellman, R. J. (1982). Accident proneness in police officers: Personality factors and problem
drinking as predictors of injury claims of state troopers. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Connecticut. (DT measure not used)
Wertheim, E. G., Widom, C. S., & Wortzel, L. H. (1978). Multivariate analysis of male and
female professional career choice correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 234-242.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Westen, D. (1990). The relations among narcissism, egocentrism, self-concept, and self esteem :
Experimental, clinical, and theoretical consideratio. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary
Thought, 13, 183-239. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wexler, A. K. (1996). Gender and ethnicity as predictors of psychological qualification for
police officer candidates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of
Professional Psychology, Los Angeles. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wexler, M. N. (1987). Conjectures on the dynamics of secrecy and the secrets business. Journal
of Business Ethics, 6, 469-480. (DT measure not used)
Wexler, N., & Sullivan, S. M. (1982). Concurrent validation of a prototype selection test for
entry-level police officer. Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Civil Service, Division
of Examinations. (DT measure not used)
Wexler, R. A. (1986, September). An investigation of varying amounts and rates of burnout
among elementary, junior high school, and high school principals. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 47, 1262. (DT measure not used)
Wheeler, H. N, (1985). Industrial conflict: An integrative theory. Columbia, SC: University of
South Carolina Press. (DT measure not used)
Whitcomb, L. L., Erdener, C. B., & Li, C. (1998). Business ethical values in china and the US.
Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 839-852. (DT measure not used)
White, C. S. (1993). Relationships between assertiveness, Machiavellianism, and interviewing
success in a screening interview. Psychological Reports, 73, 1209-1210. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
White, G. L. (1984). Comparison of four jealousy scales. Journal of Research in Personality, 18,
115-130. (DT measure not used)
Whiten, A. (1997). Machiavellian intelligence II: Extensions and evaluations. Cambridge
University Press. (not empirical)
Whiten, A., & Byrne, R. W. (1988). Taking (Machiavellian) intelligence apart: Editorial. (not
empirical)
Whittler, Thomas E. (1994). Eliciting consumer choice heuristics: Sales representatives'
persuasion strategies. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 14, 41-53.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Whitton, W. M. (1990). The Nelson-Denny Reading Test as a predictor of academic
performance of police recruits and the impact of nine related variables on recruit
academic performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Union Institute. (DT
measure not used)
Whyte, G., Saks, A. M., & Hook, S. (1997). When success breeds failure: The role of selfefficacy in escalating commitment to a losing course of action. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 18, 415-432. (DT measure not used)
Whyte, R. (1988). Psychotherapy--a last resort. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal
of Mental Science, 152, 408-409. (not empirical)
Wicklund, R. A. (1990). Zero variable theories in the analysis of social phenomena. European
Journal of Personality, 4, 37-55. (DT measure not used)
Widiger, T. A., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2002). Five-factor model personality disorder research. (DT
measure not used)
Widiger, T. A., & Lowe, J. R. (2007). Five-factor model assessment of personality disorder.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 16-29. (DT measure not used)
Widiger, T. A., & Samuel, D. B. (2005). Diagnostic categories or dimensions? A question for the
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders—Fifth edition. Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, 114, 494-504. (DT measure not used)
Widiger, T. A., & Simonsen, E. (2005). Alternative dimensional models of personality disorder:
Finding a common ground. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 110-130. (DT measure
not used)
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1997). Assessment of the five-factor model of personality. Journal
of Personality Assessment, 68, 228-250. (DT measure not used)
Widom, C. S. (1977). A methodology for studying noninstitutionalized psychopaths. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 674-683. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Wiehe, V. R. (2003). Empathy and narcissism in a sample of child abuse perpetrators and a
comparison sample of foster parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 541-555. (excluded
population)
Wiens, A., Purintun, C., & Connelly, M. (1997). Factors associated with successful completion
of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol Academy. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Criminal
Justice Resource Center. (DT measure not used)
Wilkinson, G.S. (1974). Social psychological dimensions of resistance to psychiatric
innovations. Psychological Reports 34, 1083-1085. (excluded population)
Williams, K. M., & Paulhus, D. L. (2004). Factor structure of the self-report psychopathy scale
(SRP-II) in non-forensic samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 765-778.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Williams, K. M., & Paulhus, D. L. (2005). Comparing the validity of oblique versus orthogonal
factors of subclinical psychopathy. Poster Presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of the
Society for Personality and Social Psychology, New Orleans, LA. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Williams, K. M., Cooper, B. S., Howell, T. M., Yuille, J. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Inferring
sexually deviant behavior from corresponding fantasies. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
36, 198-222. (excluded population)
Williams, K. M., Paulhus, D. L., & Nathanson, C. (August, 2002). The nature of over-claiming:
Personality and cognitive factors. Paper presented at the A Poster Presented to the
Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL, , Chicago, IL.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Williams, K., Howell, T., Cooper, B. S., Yuille, J. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2004). Deviant sexual
thoughts and behaviors: The roles of personality and pornography use. Poster Sessions
Presented at the 16th Annual American Psychology Society, Chicago. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Williams, K., McAndrew, A., Learn, T., Harms, P., & Paulhus, D. L. (2001). The dark triad
returns: Entertainment preferences and antisocial behavior among narcissists,
Machiavellians, and psychopaths. Paper presented at the 109th Annual Convention of the
American Psychological Association, San Francisco, , 14 11-12. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1994). An alternative approach to method effects by using
latent-variable models: Applications in organizational behavior research. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 79, 323. (not empirical)
Williams, M. L. (1974). The measurement of Machiavellianism: A factor analytic and
correlational study of Mach IV and Mach V. Unpublished manuscript. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Wilson, D. L., Frick, P. J., & Clements, C. B. (1999). Gender, somatization, and psychopathic
traits in a college sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21,
221-235. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wilson, D. S., Near, D. C., & Miller, R. R. (1998). Individual differences in Machiavellianism as
a mix of cooperative and exploitative strategies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19,
203-212. (not empirical)
Wilson, D. S., Near, D., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A synthesis of the
evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285. (not
empirical)
Wilson, G. (1995). Renaissance Machiavellism and the Subject of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanaltic
Contemporary Thought, 18, 559-603. (not empirical)
Wilson, H. T. (1994). Post-secondary education and the police officer: A study of its effect on the
frequency of citizens' complaints. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Golden Gate
University. (DT measure not used)
Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61,
590. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wink, P. (1992). Three types of narcissism in women from college to Mid-Life. Journal of
Personality, 60, 7-30. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wink, P., & Donahue, K. (1995). Implications of college-age narcissism for psychosocial
functioning at midlife: Findings from a longitudinal study of women. Journal of Adult
Development, 2, 73-85. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wink, P., & Donahue, K. (1997). The relation between two types of narcissism and boredom.
Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 136-140. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Wink, P., & Gough, H. G. (1990). New narcissism scales for the California psychological
inventory and MMPI. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 442-464. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Winter, S. J., Stylianou, A. C., & Giacalone, R. A. (2004). Individual differences in the
acceptability of unethical information technology practices: The case of
Machiavellianism and ethical ideology. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 275-296.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wirtz, J., & Kum, D. (2004). Consumer cheating on service guarantees. Journal of the Academy
of Marketing Science, 32, 159-175. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Wise, L. R. (2004). Bureaucratic posture: On the need for a composite theory of bureaucratic
behavior. Public Administration Review, 64, 669-680. (not empirical)
Witt, E. A., & Donnellan, M. B. (2008). Furthering the case for the MPQ-based measures of
psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 219-225. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Blonigen, D. M., Krueger, R. F., & Conger, R. D. (2009).
Assessment of fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality via normal personality
measures: Convergent validity, criterion validity, and developmental change. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 91, 265-276. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M., & Blonigen, D. M. (2009). Using existing self-report inventories to
measure the psychopathic personality traits of fearless dominance and impulsive
antisociality. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 1006-1016. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Witt, L. A., Treadway, D. C., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). The role of age in reactions to
organizational politics perceptions. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 12,
39-52. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Witte, T. H., Callahan, K. L., & Perez-Lopez, M. (2002). Narcissism and anger: An exploration
of underlying correlates. Psychological Reports, 90, 871-875. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Wolff, T. E. (1991). The relationship between a college education and police performance.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of South Florida. (DT measure not used)
Wolfskill, J. R. (1989). Higher education and police performance. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Kansas. (DT measure not used)
Wolfson, S. L. (1981). Effects of Machiavellianism and communication on helping behaviour
during an emergency. British Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 189-195. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Womack, D. F. (1988). Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann conflict MODE survey. Management
Communication Quarterly, 1, 321-349. (DT measure not used)
Wong, S. C. K. (1998). Staff job-related ethics of hotel employees in Hong Kong. International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10, 107-115. (DT measure not used)
Wood, G. (1995). Ethics at the sales-purchasing interface: A case of double standards? Journal
of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 1, 21-38. (not empirical)
Woods, D. A. (1991). An analysis of peace officer licensing revocations in Texas. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Sam Houston State University. (DT measure not used)
Woodworth, R. S. (1950). Activities may have intrinsic drives., Dennis, Wayne (Ed). Readings
in general psychology, (pp. 185-189). New York, NY, US: Prentice-Hall. (not empirical)
Wootton, J. M., Frick, P. J., Shelton, K. K., & Silverthorn, P. (1997). Ineffective parenting and
childhood conduct problems: The moderating role of callous-unemotional traits. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 301-308. (excluded population)
Wright, B. S. (1988). Psychological evaluations as predictors of police recruit performance.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University. (DT measure not used)
Wright, B. S., Doerner, W. G., Speir, J. C. (1990). Pre-employment psychological testing as a
predictor of police performance during an FTO program. American Journal of Police,
9(4), 65-83. (DT measure not used)
Wrightsman, L. S. (1965). Characteristics of positively-scored and negatively-scored items from
attitude scales. Psychological Reports, 17, 898. (correlations not reported)
Wu, K. D. (2005). Obsessive- compulsive disorder: Relations among obsessional symptoms and
personality. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and
Engineering. (excluded population)
Wu, K. D., & Clark, L. A. (2003). Relations between personality traits and self-reports of daily
behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 231-256. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Wu, K. D., Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (2006). Relations between obsessive-compulsive disorder
and personality: Beyond axis I-axis II comorbidity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20,
695-717. (excluded population)
Wymer, C. W. (1996). A comparison of the relationships between level of education, job
performance, and beliefs on professionalism within the Virginia State Police.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
(DT measure not used)
Wynn, T. (1988). Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in
monkeys, apes, and humans. In R.W. Byrne, & A. Whiten (Eds.), Tools and the evolution
of human intelligence. (pp. 271-284) Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press. (not
empirical)
Yamaguchi, I. (2003). The relationships among individual differences, needs and equity
sensitivity. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18, 324-344. (DT measure not used)
Yamauchi, K. T., & Templer, D. I. (1982). The development of a money attitude scale. Journal
of Personality Assessment, 46, 522-528. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Yeung, I. Y. M., & Tung, R. L. (1996). Achieving business success in confucian societies: The
importance of Guanxi (connections). Organizational Dynamics, 25, 54-65. (DT measure
not used)
Yilmaz, C. (2002). Salesperson performance and job attitudes revisited: An extended model and
effects of potential moderators. European Journal of Marketing, 36, 1389-1414. (DT
measure not used)
Yilmaz, C., & Hunt, S. D. (2001). Salesperson cooperation: The influence of relational, task,
organizational, and personal factors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29,
335-357. (DT measure not used)
Yim, K. (1964). Yuan shih-k'ai and the Japanese. The Journal of Asian Studies, 24, 63-73.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Yong, F. L. (1994). Self-concepts, locus of control, and Machiavellianism of ethnically diverse
middle school students who are gifted. Roeper Review: A Journal on Gifted Education,
16, 192-194. (excluded population)
Yost, E. B., & Herbert, T. T. (1985). Attitudes toward women as managers (ATWAM). The 1985
Annual: Developing Human Resources. San Diego: University Associates, (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Young, R. C. (2001). There is Nothing Idle about It: Deference and Dominance in Gossip as a
Function of Role, Personality, and Social Context. Unpublished dissertation. University
of California, Berkeley. (correlations not reported)
Yurtsever, G. (2003). Measuring the moral entrepreneurial personality. Social Behavior and
Personality: An International Journal, 31, 1-12. (outcome not task performance or
CWB)
Yurtsever, G. (2006). Measuring moral imagination. Social Behavior and Personality: An
International Journal, 34, 205-220. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zabell, R. (1979, November). Machiavellianism, the facilitative person and the client's
perception of the counseling situation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 2443.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zágon, I. K., & Jackson, H. J. (1994). Construct validity of a psychopathy measure. Personality
and Individual Differences, 17, 125-135. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zalen, G. W. (1967). MMPI profile comparisons of the Michigan State Police compared for
length of time-spent at command posts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Central
Michigan University. (DT measure not used)
Zehir, C., & Savi, F. Z. (2004). A field research about implications of organizational downsizing
on employees working for Turkish public banks. Journal of American Academy of
Business, 5, 343-349. (DT measure not used)
Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2004). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: A
critical review. Applied Psychology, 53, 371-399. (DT measure not used)
Zeig, J. K., & Gilligan, S. G. (1990). Brief therapy: Myths, methods, and metaphors: Routledge.
(not empirical)
Zeigler-Hill, V. (2006). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self esteem: Implications for
narcissism and self esteem instability. Journal of Personality, 74, 119-144. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Zeigler-Hill, V., Chadha, S., & Osterman, L. (2008). Psychological defense and self esteem
instability: Is defense style associated with unstable self esteem ? Journal of Research in
Personality, 42, 348-364. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zeigler-Hill, V., Clark, C. B., & Pickard, J. D. (2008). Narcissistic subtypes and contingent Self
esteem : Do all narcissists base their Self esteem on the same domains? Journal of
Personality, 76, 753-774. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zelig, M. (1982). A typology of police applicants based on the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama. (DT
measure not used)
Zellars, K.L. & Fiorito. J. (1999). Evaluations of organizational effectiveness among hr
managers: Cues and implications. Journal of Managerial Issues 11, 37-55. (outcome not
task performance or CWB)
Zenker, S. I., & Wolfgang, A. K. (1982). Relationship of Machiavellianism and locus of control
to preferences for leisure activity by college men and women. Psychological Reports, 50,
583-586. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zettler, I., Friedrich, N., & Hilbig, B. E. (2011). Dissecting work commitment: The role of
Machiavellianism. Career Development International, 16, 20-35. (outcome not task
performance or CWB)
Zgheib, P. W. (2004). A theoretical investigation into the cultural nature and the macroeconomic
constraints of entreupreuneurial activity in the Middle East. Journal for International
Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 2, 41-45. (outcome not task performance
or CWB)
Zhang, L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2006). Your money or your self esteem: Threatened egotism
promotes costly entrapment in losing endeavors. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 32, 881-893. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zhou, X., Saucier, G., Gao, D., & Liu, J. (2009). The factor structure of Chinese personality
terms. Journal of Personality, 77, 363-400. (outcome not task performance or CWB)
Ziegenfuss, D. E., & Singhapakdi, A. (1994). Professional values and the ethical perceptions of
internal auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9, 34-44. (DT measure not used)
Ziegler, L. H. (1977, October). The difference between Machiavellianism and prognosis in
mental patients and prison inmates. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38, 1965.
(excluded population)
Znakov, V. (1999). Machiavellianism and fib phenomenon. Voprosy Psikhologii, 6, 59-69.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)
Zook, A. (1985). On measurement of Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 57, 982. (not
empirical)
Zook, A., & Sipps, G. J. (1987). Machiavellianism and dominance: Are therapists in training
manipulative?. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24, 15-19. (not
empirical)
Zuckerman, M., & Gerbasi, K. C. (1977). Dimensions of the IE scale and their relationship to
other personality measures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37, 159-175.
(outcome not task performance or CWB)