Index
A
abbreviations ................... 73, 89, 90, 229
accent .................................. 56, 131, 174
access .................................... 86, 281–83
restrictions ....................... 277–78, 309
Web materials ............................... 301
accommodation ................... 210–11, 261
accusative case .................................. 110
acknowledgement ............................. 269
Acoma ............................................... 104
acoustics ........................................ 62, 94
activism ....................................... 241–42
administration ..................... 51, 188, 255
adpositional phrases .......................... 322
adverbs ...................................... 148, 322
affricates ........................................ 60, 61
Afghanistan ....................................... 201
Africa ........................................ 104, 212
African Language Material Archive ... 91
age ..................................... 148, 203, 217
Aktionsart.................................. 147, 148
Alaskan Native Language Center ....... 91
allative case ....................................... 141
alliteration ........................................... 57
allomorphy .......................... 89, 150, 209
allophony....................... 58, 60, 105, 319
alphabet ....................................... 292–96
books ............................................. 290
order ........................ 53, 163, 294, 303
ambient noise ........................... See noise
ambiguity ............................................ 67
animacy ..................................... 122, 145
animals .............................................. 164
annotation ........................ 71, 74, 88, 179
anonymity ............. 91, 228, 268–70, 273
anthropology12, 15, See also ethnography
and fieldwork .................................. 19
literature ........................................ 240
antibiotics .......................................... 212
antipassive ................. 120, 148, 155, 323
antiseptic ........................................... 212
antonyms ................................... 161, 163
apologies ............................................. 54
applicatives ....................................... 155
archaeology ................................... 3, 234
archiving ............... 1, 74, 82, 90–93, 221
access . 227, 229, 276, See also access
added value ............................. 92, 280
archival copies .............................. 263
consent .......................................... 272
data formats ..................................... 36
digital ........................................ 92–93
ethics ....................................... 227–28
online............................................. 276
permission ..................................... 285
permissions ................................... 268
procedures ............................. 257, 262
restrictions ..................................... 240
argument structure54, 110, 119, 146, 323
Armenian................................... 150, 170
artefacts ............................................. 165
articulation ........................................ 319
Asia ............................... 22, 52, 104, 212
aspect......................................... 110, 321
aspiration ....................................... 58, 60
audition sheets ......................... 78, 83, 92
Australia ................ 52, 65, 193, 245, 252
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 91
B
background noise ..................... See noise
back-translation ................. 112, 115, 131
backup ..... 50, 77–78, 178, 195, 219, 262
equipment ........................................ 28
Bardi ................ 17, 65, 89, 168, 174, 252
basic materials ..................................... 65
basic vocabulary.......... 52, 306, 317, 337
batteries ......................... 27, 43, 218, 262
Belfast ............................................... 202
bias ........................................ 9, 173, 380
bibliographies .................................... 276
bilingualism....................... 127, 158, 305
Bininj Gun-wok .................................. 17
biology .................................................. 2
bit depth .............................................. 25
Bloomfield, Leonard ........................... 15
Boas, Frans .......................................... 15
body parts ............................ 164–65, 164
boredom .............. 97, 132, 141, 198, 206
borrowing ......... 132, See also loanwords
Brazil ................................................. 196
budgets .................. 76, 194, 258–64, 280
roll-over funds ............................... 264
C
calquing ..................................... 132, 312
camera ............................................... 101
video.................................... See video
camping ............................................. 210
capacity building ............................... 313
card file ....................................... 83, 162
carrier phrase ........................... See frame
case .............................. 146–47, 209, 322
causative constructions ............. 154, 323
children’s books ................................ 142
children’s stories ....................... 122, 175
Choctaw ............................................ 294
cholera ............................................... 213
citation
form ............................... 119, 130, 139
of sources .............................. 277, 287
tone.......................................... 99, 104
citiation
form ....................................... 152, 307
classifiers........................................... 324
clefting .............................................. 325
clipping .............. See recording, clipping
clitics ................................. 151, 295, 326
clothes ................... 32, 214, 217–18, 218
clusters ................................ 63, 106, 319
coarticulation....................................... 98
code-switching .......................... 182, 185
coercion ............................................. 272
cold ................................ 27, 43, 212, 337
collaboration ............. 188, 232, 265, 266
colleagues .......................................... 189
collections ..................................... 79, 84
collocations ....................................... 174
colloquial language ........................... 184
community ............................ 10, 81, 254
activism ......................................... 241
contribution to ....................... 257, 288
definition of............................. 11, 289
expectations of .......................... 8, 298
interaction with ................................. 4
membership ................................... 117
repatriation of materials to ............ 280
tensions ......................................... 209
community radio ............................... 173
compensation ..................... See payment
complements ..................................... 322
complex predicates............................ 326
compound .......................................... 326
compression ........................................ 26
computer files...................................... 75
computers .................................. 124, 293
concordance ...................................... 149
conditioning .................................. 67, 96
confidentiality ................................... 268
conflict of interest ....................... 236–37
confusion ........................................... 142
conjugation ........................................ 163
consent .............................................. 301
data use.......................................... 231
informed2, 51, 226, 229–33, 231, 267–68, 270–72
written ........................................... 267
consonants
harmony ........................................ 106
pharyngeal ..................................... 236
consultants7, 51, 96–97, 123, 188, 239, 266
acknowledgement ................... 228–29
and education ................................ 239
and 'informants' ............................... 14
as teachers ....................................... 14
being stood up ........................... 203–4
choice of .................................. 196–99
elderly ................................... 193, 267
interaction with ......................... 204–6
intuitions ....................................... 135
metadata ........................................ 123
monolingual ............................ 97, 158
multiple ................................. 118, 260
recruitment .................................... 267
teams ............................................. 200
consultation ....................................... 206
consumables ............ 262, See also media
contact language.................. 85, 177, 197
context ............................................... 128
contradiction ..................................... 205
control tokens ...................................... 98
controlled creative tasks .................... 121
conversation12, 121, 180, 182–84, 185, 203, 205, 227, 250
converses ........................................... 161
coordination ...................................... 322
copular clauses .................................. 155
copyright ................................... 225, 286
core meaning ..................................... 171
corpus .............................. 3, 83, 139, 143
and documentation ........................ 290
compilation ............................. 180–81
size ................................................ 181
tagging........................................... 290
correction ............................................ 56
creoles ............................................... 209
culmulative exponence...................... 119
cultural knowledge ............................ 166
culture35, 135, 164, 188, 200, 208, 211, 224
shock ............................. 214, 215, 220
stereotypes..................................... 246
currency fluctuations ......................... 264
customs ............................. 212, 218, 333
D
danger .......................................... 20, 190
DAT ..................................................... 77
data
collection ....................................... 114
management .................................... 81
normed .......................................... 185
organisation ..................................... 63
primary and secondary .................. 276
sources........................................... 298
database ............. 63, 74, 82, 83, 162, 284
decibels ............................................... 25
definiteness ....................... 144, 322, 325
definitions ......................................... 171
vernacular .............................. 165, 175
dehydration ....................... 212, 213, 214
deixis ......................... 144, 156, 167, 325
DELAMAN......................................... 91
demonstratives .......................... 111, 321
derivation .......................................... 322
description ....... 85, 97, 151, 170, 289–91
techniques ..................................... 118
diacritics ............................................ 292
dialect ................................................ 192
variation ........................................ 298
dialogues ................................... 185, 297
diarrhoea ........................................... 213
dictionaries .............. 83, 263, 289, 303–9
audience ........................................ 305
audio ...................................... 290, 302
electronic ....................................... 304
entries ...................................... 162–64
readership .................................. 303–4
dictionary .......................................... 299
digital
audio ...................... 24, 26, 82, 91, 302
data .................................................. 66
recording ......................................... 79
diglossia ............................................ 184
digraphs ............................................. 294
discourse . 6, 115, 149, 172, 184, 185–86
and ethnography .............................. 12
chunking ........................................ 186
genres ............................................ 173
markers .......................................... 209
particles ......................................... 183
word order ..................................... 153
written and spoken ........................ 181
disease ................................... 20, 212–13
disenfranchisement ........................... 224
dissertation .............. 13, 17, 89, 228, 289
and archiving ........................... 92, 263
format .................................... 193, 256
distinctive segments .......................... 319
distortion ............................................. 33
doculect ....................................... 11, 131
documentary linguistics ........................ 6
documentation ....... 22, 192, 240, 289–91
priorities .................................... 64–66
double articulation .............................. 61
dress ...................................... See clothes
DSpace ................................................ 91
dual ...................................................... 52
duplicates .......................................... 286
durability ....................................... 73, 81
duration ............................................. 103
dust ...................................................... 27
DVDs .................................................. 77
E
ear infections ....................................... 33
editing ................................................. 77
education ................................... 205, 272
ejectives............................................... 61
electricity..................................... 27, 215
electrolytes ........................................ 214
elicitation......................... 51, 66, 108–14
data manipulation .......................... 120
first person .................................... 129
lexical ...................................... 161–62
problems .......................... 125–35, 183
prompts ................................. 165, 297
syntactic ................................ 132, 148
targeted .......................................... 113
techniques ............... 135–36, 203, 208
textual.............................. 173, 175–76
empiricism........................................... 15
encyclopaedias .................................. 306
encyclopaedic information ................ 163
endangered languages . 65, 197, 249, 289
communities .................................. 229
data ................................................ 183
documentation ............................... 257
records ........................................... 227
English ........................ 58, 118, 132, 223
engma .................................................. 61
enthusiasm......................................... 198
envelopes............................................. 74
epenthesis ............................................ 63
equipment .. 39, 51, 194–95, 205, 261–62
audio .......................................... 29–34
cables............................................... 34
care ............................................ 40–41
checklist .................................... 45–47
choice .............................................. 24
computers .................................. 37–40
cost .................................................. 29
desiderata ........................................ 28
general issues ............................ 24–29
hard drives ....................................... 77
headphones ...................................... 37
microphones .............. See microphone
operation ........................................... 4
PDAs ............................................... 38
recordering .................................... 202
recording ................................... 29–30
speakers ........................................... 34
stills cameras ................................... 36
storage ................................. 27, 40, 78
testing .............................................. 45
video................................................ 34
ergativity ................................... 110, 147
espionage........................................... 242
ethical reasoning ....................... 115, 185
ethics ................................. 2, 10, 222–53
archiving ................................. 227–28
boards .............................. 222, 264–65
plans .............................................. 255
recording ............................. 4, 225–27
ethnobotany ............................... 232, 303
ethnography................. 21, 163, 242, 276
ethnophilosophy ................................ 169
etymology163, 304, See also historical linguistics
event structure ........................... 119, 148
evidence .............................................. 16
example sentences ............................. 163
exceptions ................................. 144, 151
exchange networks ............................ 218
exchange rate .................................... 264
exhausted community ................. 247–48
exoticisation .......................... 2, 235, 236
experiment........................................... 96
design ............................................ 123
experimentation6, 8, 21, 101, 235, 265, 380
F
fast speech phenomena ..................... 180
fear .................................................... 215
field methods ....................................... 22
classes26, 50, 63, 84, 104, 114, 117, 130, 188–89, 198
field sites ............. 189–91, 192, 254, 274
fieldnotes64, 82, 85, 90, 241, 248, 263, 276–78
archiving ......................................... 92
as log ............................................. 114
notebooks ........................................ 73
organisation ......................... 74, 80–81
paper ................................................ 93
fieldwork ........................................... 239
"the field" ...................................... 2–3
and linguistic theory.................. 15–18
collaboration ................................. 7–8
definitions ..................................... 2–5
duration ................................... 193–94
feelings .......................................... 248
identity .................................. 5, 18–19
importance for community .............. 45
language learning ...................... 13–14
preparation ........................ 72, 194–95
reasons for going ........................... 5–6
starting............................................. 50
stereotypes................. 2–3, 19–20, 197
stress ........................................ 251–53
theory .............................................. 22
fieldworkers
resentment towards ........................... 8
stereotypes....................................... 19
file formats .......................................... 25
finderlist ............................................ 305
First Nations ...................................... 195
flora and fauna ............................ 165–67
fluency13, 52, 67, 174–75, 175, 196, 202
focus .......................................... 104, 324
fonts......................... 59, 81, 92, 293, 304
food4, 20, 190, 204, 211, 213, 238, 245, 246
forensic linguistics ............................ 251
format .................................................. 86
fourth world ...................................... 245
frame ............. 96, 99, 104, 108, 126, 141
frequency................................... 144, 173
frequency response........................ 25, 33
frog stories ................................ 122, 175
Fundação Nacional do Índio ............. 196
funding ...................................... 254, 259
G
gaps ................................................... 146
Garlali ............................................... 131
gavagai problem ............................... 127
gender .................. 11, 217, 234, 240, 282
and consultants .......................... 201–2
gender (grammatical) ................ 145, 163
gender-specific material .................... 229
genealogy ............................................ 76
genocide ............................................ 251
genre ............................ 173–74, 175, 181
Georgia .............................................. 200
gesture ........................................... 34, 35
giardia ............................................... 213
gifts ............................................. 218–19
glasses ............................................... 218
glossing ................. See interlinearisation
glottal stops ......................................... 61
glyphs ............ 292–94, See also alphabet
GPS ................................................... 167
grammar writing................................ 183
grammaticality
judgements102, 112, 115, 116–18, 116, 207
prescriptive and descriptive rules.. 116
grants ................................... 228, 254–64
application submission .................. 255
host institutions ............................. 244
institutions ..................................... 264
management .................................. 273
project description ................... 256–57
qualifications ................................. 258
reporting ........................................ 264
travel ....................................... 260–61
greetings .............................................. 53
Guatemala ......................................... 123
guesswork ........................................... 13
H
Hale, Ken ............................................ 15
handwriting ......................................... 59
Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Documentation Project
harm .................................... 237–38, 271
harmony ............................................ 319
headphones ........................ 33–34, 37, 43
headword ........................................... 163
health ................... 211–14, 221, 334, 345
heat ...................................................... 27
Hebrew .............................................. 310
hepatitis ............................................. 213
Hertz (Hz) ..................................... 25, 26
highlighter ..................................... 73, 74
historical linguistics132, 167, 235, 238, 312
history ............................................... 246
HIV/AIDS ......................................... 212
Holmes, Sherlock ................................ 16
homonymy ........................................ 170
homophony ............................... 131, 170
housing ....................See accommodation
HTML.................................................... 93
human subjects .................... 255, 264–73
approval......................................... 256
research on .................................... 224
reviews .................................... 265–66
waivers .......................................... 265
humidity .................. 27, 31, 40, 191, 380
humour .............................. 125, 133, 176
91
hunter-gatherers ................................ 164
hypocoristics ..................................... 106
hyponyms .................................. 161, 163
hypotheses ........................................... 64
hypothesis testing3, 9, 13, 102, 110, 113, 136
I
identification ....................................... 87
idioms................................................ 174
illicit recording ............................ 225–27
illness ....................................See disease
impartiality .................................. 10, 241
imperatives ........................................ 130
incorporation ..................................... 326
index.................................................. 299
India .......................................... 182, 202
Indiana Jones ..................................... 380
indirect speech .................................. 130
Indonesia ................................... 182, 184
inflation ............................................. 264
inflection ........................................... 139
class ............................................... 145
informant .......................... See consultant
informed consent . See consent, informed
insects ...................................... 2, 42, 214
repellent......................................... 213
instrumental case ............................... 171
insults ................................................ 176
insurance ........................... 259, 260, 261
intellectual property ............ 80, 225, 272
intensity ............................................. 103
interference ....................................... 185
inter-library loan ............................... 275
interlinearisation38, 88–90, 143, 162, 163
by consultants................................ 301
in fieldnotes ..................................... 73
software ................................... 82, 303
styles ............................................... 90
wordlists ........................................ 305
internet ...................................... 262, 270
interrogatives..................................... 323
interviews .................... 12, 184, 202, 300
intonation .. 104, 149, 172, 186, 298, 325
introductions ....................................... 53
intuitions ............................. 13, 135, 203
IPA ................................................ 58, 63
Iran .................................................... 201
IRB ................................ See ethics board
irrealis ............................................... 130
irregularity......................................... 163
J
Jingulu ............................................... 209
jokes ..................................... See humour
Jones, Indiana ................................ 19, 20
K
Kabardian .......................................... 295
Kalkatungu ........................................ 207
key words .......................................... 177
kinship ................................... 9, 168, 172
knowledge sharing ............................ 235
Kurdish .............................................. 269
L
labelling............................................... 78
labialisation ....................................... 101
labiodental ........................................... 61
labio-dentals ...................................... 101
Ladefoged, Peter ................................. 25
laminodentals ...................................... 63
land claim .......................................... 238
language .............................................. 11
death .............. 192, 206, 209, 233, 360
description ..................................... 199
endangerment ................ 189, 191, 313
games ...................... 106, 107, 121–22
learning ................... 95, 149, 177, 313
ownership ...................................... 225
revitalisation38, 183, 234, 238, 241, 309–12, 311
teaching ......................................... 135
laterals ................................................. 61
Latin .................................................. 142
leading questions . See questions, leading
learner’s guides ........... 288, 290, 296–98
learner’s materials ..................... 174, 262
learning a languageSee language learning
legal issues ........................................ 238
length................................... See duration
letters ........................................... 76, 174
lexical category ......................... 144, 163
lexicography...................................... 113
lexicon ............................................... 108
substitution .................................... 125
libraries ............................................. 311
lingua franca.............................. 200–201
linguists ................................................. 8
links ..................................................... 85
Linnaean taxonomy................... 166, 234
list intonation ...................................... 98
literacy....... 177, 199–200, 293, 296, 304
and computers ................................. 81
materials .................................. 89, 289
prestige .......................................... 199
stigma ............................................ 302
living conditions.......................... 210–11
loanwords .................................... 57, 132
locational phrases ...................... 142, 147
lodging ....................See accommodation
logistics ............................................. 330
loneliness........................................... 215
lossless/lossy recording ................. 26, 29
M
malaria....................................... 213, 214
maps .................................................. 167
Mapudungun ..................................... 224
materials
duplication..................................... 279
return to the community ................ 162
returning .................................. 288–91
scope ............................................. 285
media ................................................... 80
blank................................ 78, 262, 280
durability ......................................... 23
storage ........................................... 278
types .......................................... 23–24
memorisation............................... 67, 145
memory ..................... 3, 52, 80, 123, 179
metadata1, 50, 73, 77, 83–87, 178, 181, 221, 280, See also audition sheets
categories .................................. 85–86
collector........................................... 85
consultant .................................. 86–87
description ....................................... 92
metalanguage .............................. 16, 153
Mexico .............................................. 123
microphone ................................. 30, 203
business ........................................... 31
cardioid ........................................... 31
condenser ........................................ 31
dynamic ........................................... 31
impedance ....................................... 31
lapel/lavalier .................................... 32
placement ........................................ 41
shotgun ............................................ 31
Milingimbi ........................................ 181
mimicry ............................................. 100
minimal pairs55–57, 57, 67, 100, 105, 297
tone................................................ 105
minority
groups ...................................... 245–53
languages....................................... 236
minors ............................................... 230
missionaries....................... 239, 242, 275
mistakes............................................... 45
mistranscription................................. 130
mixed languages................................ 209
modification ...................................... 145
Mohawk .............................................. 17
morphemes .......................................... 90
boundaries ....................... 89, 295, 319
morphological class .......................... 142
morphology ......... 65, 106, 109, 113, 174
bound............................................. 307
derivational ............................. 144–45
in discourse ................................... 149
optionality ..................................... 119
morphophonology ............................. 106
mould ...................................... 24, 41, 90
mp3 ......................................... 24, 26, 29
multilingualism ..... 97, 131–32, 169, 197
multimedia ........................................ 313
music ................................................. 169
musicology .......................................... 25
N
narrative23, 35, 123, 172, 175, 183, 184, 229
nasals ............................................. 61, 62
National Science Foundation ............ 259
Native American ................................. 15
Navajo ............................................... 240
Ndebele ............................................... 59
negative dataSee grammaticality judgements
negative polarity................................ 121
negotiation............................................. 8
neutralisation ..................................... 105
newspapers ........................................ 174
noise .................. 25, 41, 46, 58, 191, 203
noise cancelling headphones ............... 33
notebooks ...................................... 73–74
notetaking .................................. 208, 285
noun phrases...................... 110, 111, 119
nouns
mass and count .............................. 144
proper ............................................ 326
number .............................................. 121
numerals .................... 110, 111, 145, 324
O
Oceania ............................................. 212
old materials ................ 207, 280–87, 311
old records ......................................... 275
one language, one linguist rule ... 192–93
onsets................................................. 106
open-source ......................................... 93
optionality ................................. 147, 148
oral history ........................ 176, 192, 300
prompts ......................................... 280
risks ....................................... 238, 251
oratory ............................................... 176
orthography ................. 283, 291–96, 293
and politics .................................... 310
development .................................. 290
multiple ......................................... 286
old materials .................................. 311
standardisation .............................. 163
outsiders .... 117, 202, 217, 238, 246, 310
overgeneralisation ............................. 146
overheads .......................................... 260
overlap............................................... 180
P
pain killers................................. 214, 218
palatalisation ....................................... 61
palatography.............. 101, 270, 300, 333
Papua New Guinea ............................ 104
paradigm66, 111, 133, 139–42, 141, 146, 152, 163, 209
paraphrases ........................................ 145
parasites............................................. 212
parsers ............................................... 116
parsing ............................................... 151
part of speech .......... See lexical category
part-speakers ......... 52, 127, 177, 207–10
oral history .................................... 199
passive ............................... 120, 122, 323
patience ............................................. 208
paucal ................................................ 144
payment124, 237, 243–45, 260, 271, 288
cash ............................................... 244
pear story ............................ 122, 123–24
pedagogy ........................................... 297
pencil ............................................. 73, 78
pens ............................................. 73, 262
per diem ............................................ 261
permission ......... 195, 198, 254, 258, 267
letters ............................................. 258
quotation ....................................... 278
refusal ...................................... 232–33
permits................................. 76, 194, 233
person ................................................ 129
personal information ......................... 267
personnel ............................. 259–60, 266
PhD ................................ See dissertation
phonation..................................... 62, 104
phoneme ...................................... 51, 292
gaps ................................................. 56
inventory ................................... 55–57
phonemicisation ................................ 283
phonetics ......... 53, 100–102, 102–3, 203
phonology ............................... 65, 105–7
sketch ............................................ 319
phonotactics .............................. 105, 319
photography ........................ 35, 167, 229
photos ............................ 77, 85, 101, 263
pitch............................. 25, 103, 104, 319
place .................................................... 84
place names ...................... See toponyms
plagiarism .......................................... 277
plain text.............................................. 93
plausibility......................................... 130
plurals ........................................ 110, 111
pointing ............................................. 126
polarity .............................................. 325
politeness..................... 56, 117, 183, 323
politics ....... 112, 198, 238, 241, 292, 310
and consultants .............................. 203
community recognition ..................... 5
stakeholders..................................... 10
polysemy ........................................... 170
polysynthesis ............................... 17, 111
popshield ............................................. 42
possession ......................... 111, 164, 324
postage .............................................. 262
Praat ......................... See software, Praat
pragmatics ......................................... 185
pre-amps .............................................. 32
prescription ....... 116, 135, 199, 296, 306
preservation ......................................... 91
prestige ...................... 180, 183, 199, 348
priming ................................ 99, 133, 152
principal parts.................................... 142
problems ............................................ 153
procedural texts ................................. 165
productivity ................................. 142–44
project summary................................ 255
promises .................................... 206, 226
prompts ....... 130, See stimulus materials
pronouns .................................... 147, 317
pronunciation ...................................... 58
reading............................................. 99
proverbs............................................. 176
pseudonym .............................. 86, 87, 91
publication................................. 276, 283
punctuation ........................................ 301
Q
Qafar ................................................. 139
quantifiers ......................................... 144
questionnaires115, 118–20, 118–20, 134, 337
administration ............................... 119
design ............................................ 118
length............................................. 120
questions ..................................... 56, 130
leading ................... 118, 133, 269, 324
R
radio .................................................... 80
randomisation .................................... 102
recipe ................................................. 175
reciprocals ......................................... 323
recording ........................................... 177
clipping ........................................... 54
digital ........................................ 24–25
environment .................................... 32
illicit ........................................ 225–27
labelling........................................... 78
media types ............................... 23–24
part-speakers ................................. 177
techniques ....................................... 29
tips ............................................. 41–44
redundancy ........................................ 113
reduplication ..................................... 106
reference grammar .. 67, 81, 298–99, 313
referentiality ........................................ 52
reflexives ........................................... 323
register....................... 173, 180, 183, 185
and grammaticality........................ 116
regularisation..................................... 209
rehearsal .............................................. 45
related languages ............................... 136
religion .............. 123, 169, 173, 234, 235
rememberers ................ See part-speakers
reminiscences .................................... 176
rental vehicles ................................... 261
repair ................................................. 186
repetition ............................................. 97
reports ........................... 76, 263–64, 273
research
design ................................ 95, 97–100
grants .................................. See grants
medical .................................. 265, 271
outcomes ....................................... 225
participants ................. See consultants
secondary use of materials ...... 231–32
visas...................................... See visas
researcher effect .......................... 233–34
researchers
and communities ........................... 246
respect ............................................... 240
restricted materials 239–41, 281–83, 282
restructuring ...................................... 209
results .................................... 11–12, 206
retroflection ................................... 59, 63
reversal .............................................. 163
rhymes ................................................. 57
risk..................................... 238, 265, 268
Roman alphabet ................................ 293
Romani .............................................. 132
rounded vowels ................................... 62
RTF
(rich text format) .......................... 93
Russian .............................................. 201
S
safety ................................... 190, 216–17
salvage study ....................................... 28
sampling rate ............... 25, 84, 86, 91, 92
Sapir, Edward ...................................... 15
satellite images .................................. 167
scanning .............................................. 73
school ................................................ 210
materials .......................................... 76
teachers ......................................... 239
science ................................................... 8
Western ................................... 234–36
scientific knowledge ......................... 288
scientific method ................................... 9
scope ................................................. 154
screwdrivers ...................................... 218
scripts ............................................ 98–99
secondary materials ............................. 92
segmentation ..................................... 106
self-repair .......................................... 181
semantic fields ............ 53, 163, 164, 303
semantic roles.................... 119, 146, 322
semantics ....................... 66, 127–29, 143
and grammaticality........................ 116
elicitation....................................... 159
semblative case ................................. 172
seminars .............................................. 76
semi-speakers .............. See part-speakers
semi-structured interviews ................ 115
sermons ............................................. 173
sexual interest.................................... 202
sign language ...................................... 34
signal-to-noise ratio ............................ 25
silica gel .............................................. 38
similes ....................................... 172, 173
site mapping ...................................... 167
sketch grammars ................. 296–98, 313
slang .......................................... 163, 180
Smithsonian Institutions...................... 91
snakes .................. 55, 214, 215, 334, 340
sociolinguistics ........................ 12, 22, 30
socks .................................................... 42
software ....................................... 76, 262
database ........................................... 38
Elan ................................................. 88
file conversion ........................... 36, 82
keyboard mapping ........................... 59
Praat .............................................. 102
Toolbox ........................... 88, 303, 305
transcription programs .................... 95
sound clips .................................. 57, 164
sound spectrum ................................... 25
source lists ......................................... 276
Spanish .............................................. 132
spectacles .............................. See glasses
spectrograms ............... 7, 55, 61, 82, 102
speech community .............. 97, 189, 199
speech errors ............... 95, 149, 182, 184
speech impediments .......................... 197
speeches ............................................ 176
spelling .......... 199, See also orthography
conventions ..................... 95, 292, 296
variants .......................................... 275
splitter ................................................. 34
standardisation ...................... 27, 95, 296
statistical significance ......................... 97
statistics ............................................... 82
stereotypes......................................... 249
stimulus materials ..... 102, 115, 122, 263
stipends ............................................. 259
stops .............................................. 60, 95
stories ................................. See narrative
story books ........................................ 166
stress .................. 103–4, 105, 106–7, 320
mental .................................... 210, 216
primary ............................................ 62
transcription of ................................ 94
stress .................................................... 96
Subject language ................................. 85
subjects .............................................. 122
subordination..................................... 321
superstrate ......................................... 132
suppletion .......................................... 146
suprasegmentals ................................ 319
surge protector .................................... 37
Survey of California and Other Indian languages
Swadesh list52, See also basic vocabulary
syllables............................... 58, 151, 319
stress .............................................. 103
structure......................................... 106
synonyms .................................... 53, 163
syntax ............................ 17, 52, 159, 167
synthesis ............................................ 102
91
T
taboo.......................... 163, 240, 282, 306
death .............................................. 269
gender ............................................ 202
tagging....................................... 105, 148
talking books ................................. 302–3
targets .................................................. 98
taxonomy........................................... 303
teeth ..................................................... 97
temporal marking .............................. 322
tense ............................................ 147–48
and agreement ............................... 119
elicitation............... 113, 116, 121, 129
errors ............................................. 130
marking ......................... 142, 152, 325
sequencing..................................... 323
terminology ....................................... 299
texts .............. 173–82, See also narrative
collections of ................................. 300
complexity............................... 174–75
editing ..................................... 181–82
repetition ....................................... 182
theory
and description ................................ 16
and field research ............................ 15
time ................................................... 260
timeline ............................................. 257
tiredness .................................... 132, 133
token........................................ 64, 96, 97
repetition ......................................... 98
tone................................ 104–5, 293, 319
elicitation....................................... 105
sandhi ...................................... 99, 104
topic................................... 172, 185, 324
toponyms ............. 147, 167–68, 306, 326
training ...................................... 299–301
transcription ...... 58–60, 74, 179–80, 232
accuracy .................................... 51, 55
consistency .............................. 95, 114
conventions ............................. 58, 149
difficulties ....................................... 42
equipment ...................................... 179
errors ............................... 75, 131, 170
foreign language.............................. 33
level of detail............................. 94–95
phonemic ......................................... 95
processes ....................................... 179
regularisation................................. 152
software ......................................... 182
time-alignment .............................. 179
transcripts .......................................... 227
transitivity ......................... 120, 147, 323
translation .............. 52, 99, 114, 116, 127
literal ............................. 120, 126, 128
stories ............................................ 176
with part-speakers ......................... 178
travel ................. 190, 192, 195, 261, 264
trills ..................................................... 61
tripod ................................................... 43
trust ........................................... 216, 226
Turkey ............................................... 269
Turkish .............................................. 114
turn-taking ................................. 185, 205
typology ................................ 6, 133, 290
U
UK ..................................................... 193
unaspirated consonants ....................... 60
Unicode ............................................... 59
unique identifier .......................... 85, 277
USA........................................... 230, 245
V
vaccinations............................... 211, 263
valency ............................ See transitivity
variables ............................................ 113
variation11, 56, 118, 148–49, 149, 275, See also priming
allophonic........................................ 94
conditioned.................................... 148
free .................................................. 64
intra-speaker .................................... 96
phonological .................................. 162
pronunciation .................................. 75
regional ......................................... 128
velarisation .......................................... 61
verbs .......................................... 110, 317
agreement ...................................... 118
morphology ................................... 152
serialisation ................................... 326
Verbs ................................................. 321
video.................... 76, 101, 165, 166, 300
brightness ........................................ 44
ethics ............................................... 36
formats ............................................ 36
recording tips .................................. 43
zoom................................................ 44
Vietnamese ........................................ 104
visas........................................... 258, 263
vitamins ............................................. 213
vocabulary ................. 113, 177, 306, 317
vocal tract .......................................... 101
vocatives ........................................... 149
voice activated recording .................... 43
voicing............................................... 319
vowels ........................................... 61–63
harmony ........................................ 106
length....................................... 62, 106
plotting measurements .................... 82
rounding .......................................... 63
voiceless .......................................... 62
W
water .................................................. 212
wax cylinders ...................................... 24
web ...................................................... 91
materials .................................... 301–2
Western science .................................... 8
wiki ................................................... 302
word boundaries .................................. 51
word class................ See lexical category
word order ................................. 119, 172
basic .............................................. 112
word processor .................................... 83
wordlists51, 52, 63, 64, 96, 97–98, 298, 303–9, 337
compilation ............................. 162–64
experimental .......................... 300, 308
learner’s ......................................... 297
workflow ..................................... 71, 178
workshop ................................... 292, 352
writing system ...............See orthography
wug-testing ........................................ 143
Y
Yan-nhaŋu ..................................... 35, 99
young people's varieties .............. 209–10