Name:_____________________________________________
Science 8 “Optics” Review (STUDY GUIDE)
Study hints - Read your textbook, Review all notes, Review reading
check questions in your textbook, study the list of terms passed out in
class – given the definition be able to give the correct term.
1.
History of Light – text read page 132 - 137
a. Theories of Light
i. Pythagoras
b. Speed of Light vs. Sound
c. Early technologies
i. Telescope
ii. Microscope
iii. Reading stone
d. What did Galileo do?, Michelson?
2.
Properties of Visible Light (outcomes 2.5 – 2.15)
a. Define Light
b. Various Properties of Light
i. travels in a straight line (rectilinear propagation) e.g. shadow formation
ii. reflects (reflection) e.g. mirrors (specular) and dust (diffuse)
iii. refracts (refraction) e.g. bent stick effect
iv. Disperses (dispersion) e.g. formation of a rainbow as light separates into
its constituent colors.
v. travels through a vacuum (does not require a medium) e.g. light from sun
and stars reaching earth through space
vi. travels to different degrees through transparent, translucent and
opaque materials e.g. window pane, frosted window
c. Visible Light Spectrum
i. Dispersion with a Prism
ii. Define visible light spectrum
iii. List constituent colours of visible spectrum (ROY G BIV)
iv. Describe reflection
v. Describe refraction
d. Wavelength and Frequency
i. Define Frequency
ii. Define Wavelength
iii. Define crest, trough, amplitude, hertz
iv. Calculate frequency – example page 142 (bottom half of page)
v. Relate colours to wavelength
vi. Describe inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength
3.
Electromagnetic Radiation and Spectrum ( outcomes 2.16 –
2.22)Read page 156 – 167 in your textbook)
a. Describe and provide examples of the electromagnetic spectrum
i. radio waves (telecommunications)
ii. microwaves (cooking food)
iii. infrared (motion sensors)
iv. visible light
v. ultraviolet (sun tanning)
vi. x-rays (medical detection)
vii. gamma rays (kills cancer cells)
b. Differentiate between Visible Light Spectrum and Electromagnetic Spectrum
c. Describe possible positive and negative effects of X-rays,UV rays and
Gamma rays
4.
Reflection ( Outcomes 2.23 – 2.51)
a. Describe Reflection (Definitions for incidence, reflection and normal.)
Define and be able to label on a diagram
i. incident light ray
ii. reflected light ray
iii. normal
iv. angle of incidence
v. angle of reflection
b. Differentiate between specular and diffuse reflection.( which one helps you
read a book?)
c. State the Laws of Reflection
d. Ray Diagrams
i. Construct Ray Diagrams to describe the image formed in a plane
mirror.
ii. Use SPOT (size, position, orientation, type) to describe image
properties.
e. Plane Mirrors( example - bathroom mirror)
f. Concave Mirrors(example - inside of metal spoon)
i. Define focal point, focal length and the principal axis.
ii. Construct ray diagrams to describe the image properties (SPOT) in
concave mirrors (object between focal point and mirror • object
between focal point and 2x focal length • object beyond 2x focal
length)
iii. Define real image and virtual image
g. Convex Mirrors (example - safety mirror on bus)
i. Construct ray diagrams to describe the image properties (SPOT) in
convex mirrors.
h. Optical devices using mirrors.
i. Example is a periscope
5.
Refraction (Outcomes 2.52 – 2.69)
a. Identify examples of refraction (bent stick effect)
b. Describe how light is refracted (qualitatively)
c. Define:
i. incident ray
ii. refracted ray
iii. angle of incidence
iv. angle of refraction
d. Use concept of medium/density to describe how speed of light changes
causing refraction.
e. Angles of Incidence and Refraction – how do they change with different
mediums? (example air versus water?)
f. Convex Lenses (example - magnifying glass, eyeglasses)
i. Define concave lens, focal length of a lens
ii. Sketch a convex lens
iii. Why does a lens have a focal point on both sides?
iv. Define optical center. Label on a diagram. Describe how incident
rays refract through convex lenses.
iii. Construct ray diagrams to describe the image properties (SPOT) in
a double convex lens, when the object’s distance changes.
g. Concave Lenses (example - eyeglasses)
-Construct ray diagrams to describe the image properties (SPOT) in a
double concave lens, when the object’s distance changes
-Sketch a concave lens
-Define concave lens
6.
Optical technologies (Outcomes 2.70 – 2.72)
a. Describe examples optical technologies
i. telescopes
ii. microscopes
b. Know about “Fibre Optics”