What is normal laboratory values of glucose in biochemical blood analysis?
A 3.33- 5.55 mmol/L
B 6.66- 7.77 mmol/L
C 8.5- 20.5 mkmol/L
D 0.1- 0.75 mkmol/L
E 0.1- 0.45 mkmol/L
ANSWER: A.
What is the most frequent complication of peptic ulcer in children?
A. stenosis of pylorus
B. penetration
C. perforation
D. peryvistseritis
E. bleeding
ANSWER: E.
Pain in chronic hepatitis is manifested as:
A. epigastric fasting pain
B. nocturnal epigastric pain
C. belting pain 1-2 hours after meal
D. pain in the left hypochondrium during physical activity
E. pain in the right hypochondrium during physical activity
ANSWER: E.
What are the signs of hypotonic biliary dyskinesia in sonogram (USE)?
A. Increased liver
B. Contracted gallbladder
C. Reduced liver
D. Normal gallbladder
E. Dilated gallbladder
ANSWER: E.
What are the signs of hypertonic biliary dyskinesia in sonogram (USE)?
A. Increased liver
B. Reduced liver
C. Dilated gallbladder
D. Normal gallbladder
E. Contracted gallbladder
ANSWER: E.
Feces in chronic pancreatitis are:
A. Solid
B. Thick
C. Putty-like
D. Mixed with blood
E. Pasty or liquid
ANSWER: E.
Diastasuria is typical for:
A. Hepatitis
B. Cholecystitis
C. Colitis
D. Duodenitis
E. Pancreatitis
ANSWER: E.
Excretory urography give us possibility to evaluate (give the most complete answer):
A. anatomical status of urinary tract and urodynamic
B. calyx-pelvic system state
C. functional ability of urinary tract
D. size of the kidneys
E. everything is correct
ANSWER: E.
Which factor is most weighty in the etiology of glomerulonephritis?
A. S aureus
B. E. cоlі
C. Influenza virus
D. hepatitis A
E. Streptococci
ANSWER: E.
The nephritic variant of acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
A. high proteinuria
B. hyperphosphaturia
C. pyuria
D. bacteriuria
E. hematuria
ANSWER: E.
What level of proteinuria is a criterion for nephrotic variant of acute glomerulonephritis?
A. more than 1 g / day
B. less than 1 g /day
C. more than 3 g / l
D. up to 1 g / l
E. more than 3 g / day
ANSWER: E.
By which investigation is it possible to evaluate the state of renal concentration function?
A. analysis of urine
B. Nechiporenko urine analysis
C. ultrasonic investigation
D. excretory urography
E. Zimnitsky test
ANSWER: E.
Name the main way of the infection entering at pneumonia:
A. hematogenic
B. lymphogenic
C. mixed
D. urogenic
E. bronchogenic
ANSWER: E.
In pneumonia etiology prevails:
A. candida
B. klebsiella
C. staphylococci
D. streptococci
E. pneumococci
ANSWER: E.
At the early childhood an acute pneumonia most often is:
A. interstitial
B. croupous (lobar)
C. segmental
D. polysegmental
E. microfocal
ANSWER: E.
The chest X-ray sign typical for acute pneumonia is:
A strengthening of pulmonary picture (lung pattern)
B emphysema
C dilation of lungs' roots
D pneumosclerosis
E infiltrative shadows
ANSWER: E.
At what respiratory insufficiency stage is observed inconstant perioral cyanosis ?
A At the second
B At the third
C At all stages
D Does not have the diagnostic value
E At the first
ANSWER: E.
At the acute phase of obstructive bronchitis is prevailing:
A. Intoxication
B. Dyspnea
C. Wheezing
D. Tonsillitis
E. Cough
ANSWER: E.
Percussion during the acute phase of obstructive bronchitis is:
A. Clear lung sound
B. Dullness of lung sound
C. Dullness of lung sound in lower parts
D. Dullness of lung sound in upper parts
E. Box sound
ANSWER: E.
Auscultation during the acute phase of obstructive bronchitis is:
A Prolonged inspiration
B Decrease of breathing
C Crepitation
D Local moist rales
E Dry rales and moist diffuse rales
ANSWER: E.
During the acute period of obstructive bronchitis on X-ray is present:
A Particularly clear lung field
B Hyperinflation
C Occasional scattered areas of consolidation
D Local infiltration of lung tissue
E Perivascular and peribronhial infiltration, increasing of lung pattern and enlarged roots of lungs
ANSWER: E.
What is tachypnea?
A The distress during breathing
B The decrease of the respiratory rate
C The cessation of breathing
D The increase of the respiratory depth
E The increase of the respiratory rate
ANSWER: E.
What is apnea?
A The increase of the respiratory rate
B The distress during breathing
C The decrease of the respiratory rate
D The increase of the respiratory depth
E The cessation of breathing
ANSWER: E.
What is bradypnea?
A The increase of the respiratory rate
B The distress during breathing
C The cessation of breathing
D The decrease of the respiratory depth
E The decrease of the respiratory rate
ANSWER: E.
What is usual ratio of breaths to heartbeats?
A 1:1
B 1:2
C 1:3
D 1:5
E 1:4
ANSWER: E.
What main X-ray features are useful in the diagnosis of acute bronchitis?
A Particularly clear lung field
B Hyperinflation
C Occasional scattered areas of consolidation
D Local infiltration of lung tissue
E Perivascular and peribronhial infiltration
ANSWER: E.
What examination is most important in the case of bronchitis?
A Complete blood count
B Culture of sputum
C Culture of alveolar fluid
D Biochemical examination of the blood
E Chest X-ray
ANSWER: E.
Bronchitis is caused most often by:
A Fungi
B Bacteria
C Parasites
D Mixed flora
E Viruses
ANSWER: E.
The main symptom of acute bronchitis is:
A Wheezing
B Pain in throat
C Dyspnea
D Hyperthermia
E Cough
ANSWER: E.
The auscultation date during bronchitis is:
A Puerile breathing
B Decrease breathing
C Moist local rales
D Crepitus rales
E Rough breathing
ANSWER: E.
Bronchoobstructive syndrome is characterized by:
A Paroxysmal breathing
B Stridor breathing
C Silent breathing
D Diminished breathing
E Noisy breathing
ANSWER: E.
What main clinical features are useful in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma?
A Chest pain
B Tahycardia
C Vomiting
D Wet cough
E Dispnoe
ANSWER: E.
What examination is the most important at bronchial asthma?
A Stools examination
B Culture of sputum
C Biochemical examination of the blood
D Chest X-ray
E Immunoglobulin E
ANSWER: E.
What special substances may be found in sputum in case of bronchial asthma?
A Erythrocytes
B Neuthrophyls
C Leucocytes
D Monocytes
E Eosinophyls
ANSWER: E.
What will be the therapeutic management of acute attacks of asthma?
A Anti-inflammatory agents
B Commonly sodium
C Inhalation of corticosteroids
D Prednizolon orally
E Bronchodilators
ANSWER: E.
There is necessary to use for control the effect of treatment of bronchial asthma:
A Spirography
B ECG
C Allergic tests
D X-ray
E Peak Flow Meter
ANSWER: E.
More often the reason of bronchial asthma is the:
A Drugs
B Food
C Bacteria
D Viruses
E Dust
ANSWER: E.
The most common symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus are:
A Tachycardia or other arrhythmia
B Shortness of breath and other respiratory problems
C Enlarged heart
D All mentioned above
E Continuous machine-like murmur
ANSWER: E.
Attack of rheumatic fever is more frequent after the:
A flu
B sinusitis
C measles
D rhinitis
E scarlet fever
ANSWER: E.
Etiology of rheumatic fever is:
A pneumococcus
B the virus of influenza
C fungi
D staphylococcus
E streptococcus
ANSWER: E.
What is the main criterion of rheumatic fever?
A hepatitis
B nephritis
C pneumonia
D gastritis
E carditis
ANSWER: E.
What is the main criterion of rheumatic fever?
A hepatitis
B dermatitis
C pneumonia
D gastritis
E polyarthritis
ANSWER: E.
For rheumatic polyartritis is typical:
A morning stiffness
B constant deformations of the joints
C damage of spine
D damage of neck
E inconstant damage of joints
ANSWER: E.
What is typical for myocardiosclerosis?
A low blood pressure
B high blood pressure
C bradypnea
D tachypnea
E arrhythmia
ANSWER: E.
What is not acquired heart diseases in children?
A Mitral insufficiency
B Tricuspid insufficiency
C Mitral stenosis
D Aortic stenosis
E Coarctation of aorta
ANSWER: E.
Name the most common rheumatic heart disease
A Mitral insufficiency
B Coarctation of aorta
C Tricuspid insufficiency
D Aortic stenosis
E Mitral stenosis
ANSWER: E.
What is the main symptom of cardiomyopathy?
A Fatigue
B Difficulty breathing
C Poor appetite
D All transferred
E Arrhythmia
ANSWER: E.
What investigation can differentiate between hypertrophic, restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy in most cases?
A 24-hour Holter monitor
B ECG
C X-ray of chest
D All that is mentioned
E EchoCG
ANSWER: E.
At what degree of cardiac insufficiency does ascites appear?
A IA
B IB
C II A
D II B
E III
ANSWER: E.
Specify indications for prescription of cardiac glycosides.
A Atrioventricular blockade
B Expressed bradycardia
C Group extrasystoles
D Expressed hypokaliemia
E Cardiac insufficiency
ANSWER: E.
Ratio of indirect heart massage and artificial respiration for children of all age groups is:
A 2:1
B 3:1
C 5:1
D 6:1
E 4:1
ANSWER: E.
What drug is possible to enter only intracardiac?
A Lidocaini
B Atropini
C All that is mentioned
D sodium hydrocarbonatum
E Adrenalini
ANSWER: E.
What is the best method for diagnostic of arrhythmias?
A ECG
B EchoCG
C Heart catheterization
D All transferred
E Holter-monitoring
ANSWER: E.
Chronic cardio-vascular insufficiency (heart failure) is classified as:
A Left heart, right heart, arythmogenes, total
B Systolic, diastolic, mixed
C Left heart, right heart, systolic, diastolic
D All of these
E On stages: I-A, I-B, II-A, II-B,III
ANSWER: E.
The “gold standard” of JRA treatment considered to be:
A Aspirin
B Cyclophosphamide
C Azathioprine
D Hydroxychloroquine
E Methotrexate
ANSWER: E.
How long should be present arthritis in patient to diagnose JRA (according WHO criteria)?
A More than 1 month
B More than 2 months
C More than 6 months
D More than 1 year
E More than 3 months
ANSWER: E.
What joints are the most frequently damaged in JRA?
A Ankles
B Wrists
C Elbow
D Hip
E Knee
ANSWER: E.
For polyarticilar form of JRA typical is damage of more than:
A 1 joint
B 3 joints
C 10 joints
D 4 joints
E 5 joints
ANSWER: E.
Helicobacter pylori is the cause of:
A Esophagitis
B Colitis
C Hepatitis
D Uretritis
E Gastritis
ANSWER: E.
In the case of increased secretion in patients with gastritis more prominent is:
A Dyspepsia
B Intoxication
C Dysuria
D Hemorrhagic syndrome
E Pain
ANSWER: E.
Most frequent localization of pain at gastritis is:
A In mesogastrium
B Right hypochondria
C Left hypochondria
D Hypogastria
E Epigastria
ANSWER: E.
The intensity of dyspepsia at chronic gastroduodenitis in children depends on:
A Age of child
B Peculiarities of feeding
C Intervals between the receptions of meal
D Balanced food ingredients
E Secretory function
ANSWER: E.
In case of the decreased stomach juice acidity more frequently is observed:
A Constipation
B Intensive pain
C “Hungry” pain
D Vomiting
E Diarrhea
ANSWER: E.
What from the instrumental methods is most informative for the diagnostics of chronic gastroduodenitis?
A рН-metry
B Breath test
C Colonoscopy
D X-ray of abdomen
E Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ANSWER: E.
What from the named medicine is used for Helicobacter pylori eradication?
A Maalox
B Motilium
C Cimetidin
D Benzylpenicilliun
E De-nol
ANSWER: E.
Markers of the chronic hepatitis С are:
A HBe Ag, HBs Ag, HBV-DNA, anti-HBe Ig G, anti-HBs Ig G
B HAV-RNA, anti-HAV Ig M, anti-HAV Ig G
C HBs Ag, HDV-RNA, anti-HDV Ig M, anti-HBe Ig M
D HGV-RNA, anti-E2 HGV
E HСV-RNA, anti-HСV Ig M
ANSWER: E.
What color of feces is in case of viral hepatitis?
A Bright-yellow
B Dark-brown
C Green-color
D Black
E Clays color
ANSWER: E.
What is the main feature of kidney edema?
A Appears at morning, warm, pale
B Appears in the second half of day, cold, cyanotic
C Dense
D Disposed mainly on trunk
E Disposed mainly on the face or sex organs
ANSWER: E.
What is the normal correlation between daily and nightly dieresis?
A 1:1
B 2:1
C 3:1
D 4:1
E 1:2
ANSWER: E.
What is the main pathogenetical mechanism of development of glomerulonephritis?
A Bacterial inflammation
B Allergy reaction
C Violation of passage of urine
D Reflux
E Immunocomplex damaging
ANSWER: E.
Which symptom IS NOT characteristic for glomerulonephritis?
A Pain in back
B Hypertension
C Edema
D Oliguria
E Pain during the act of urination
ANSWER: E.
Which level of proteinuria is the criterion of nephrotic variant of acute glomerulonephritis?
A 2-3 g/l
B 1-3 g/l
C Up to 1 g/l
D 0,5-2 g/l
E 3 g/l and more
ANSWER: E.
Which investigation is demonstrates the concentration function of kidneys?
A General analysis of urine
B Analysis of urine by Nechiporenko
C Ultrasound investigation of kidneys
D Biochemical analysis of blood
E Analysis of urine by Zimnitskiy
ANSWER: E.
The main criterion of hematuric form of chronic glomerulonephritis is:
A Arterial hypertension
B Proteinuria
C Cylindruria
D Leucocyturia
E Hematuria
ANSWER: E.
Severe edema syndrome is most characteristic for:
A Nephritic syndrome
B Mixed form of chronic glomerulonephritis
C Hematuric form
D Isolated urinary syndrome
E Nephrotic syndrome
ANSWER: E.
What is the reason of pain during glomerulonephritis:
A Inflammation syndrome
B Stagnation of urine
C Physical exertion
D Hematuria
E Enlargement of capsules of kidneys
ANSWER: E.
Severe edema syndrome is more characteristic for:
A Myocarditis
B Pyelonephritis
C Kidney stones disease
D Cystitis
E Glomerulonephritis
ANSWER: E.
The Zimnitski test of urine gives information about:
A Bacteruria
B Leucocyturia
C Erithrocyturia
D Glucosuria
E Concentration function
ANSWER: E.
Which from these products are eliminated in a diet 7?
A Rice
B Porridge
C Vegetable puree
D Egg
E Meat
ANSWER: E.
What from diseases more frequent can result in development of chronic kidney insufficiency?
A Kidney stones disease
B Metabolic nephropathies
C Reflux
D Oxalaturia
E Glomerulonephritis chronic
ANSWER: E.
The main role in etiology of pielonephritis plays:
A Viruses
B Micoplasma
C Parasites
D Fungi
E Bacteria
ANSWER: E.
What from such drugs IS NOT USED at treatment of acute pyelonephritis?
A Antibiotics
B Uroseptics
C Antiinflamation drugs
D Diet
E Hormones
ANSWER: E.
What from these signs DO NOT PRESENT at pyelonephritis?
A Leucocytosis
B Leucocyturia
C Little proteinuria
D Bacteriuria
E Hematuria
ANSWER: E.
What sign gives information about the damaging of kidneys function?
A Hypoproteinemia
B Proteinuria
C Hyperlipidemia
D Hyperglycemia
E Azotemia
ANSWER: E.
The main sign of pielonephritis is:
A Leukocyturia
B Hematuria
C Erythrocyturia
D Proteinuria
E Cylindruria
ANSWER: A.
Excretory urographia allows to estimate:
A State of nephrons
B Functional state of urinary tract
C State of urinary bladder
D Functional state of urodinamics
E Anatomical state of urinary tract and urodinamics
ANSWER: E.
Which of the following symptoms are typical for acute pyelonephritis in children?
A Proteinuria more than 3g / day
B Macrohematuria and bacteriuria
C Microhematuria and bacteriuria
D Microhematuria and proteinuria
E Pyuria and bacteriuria
ANSWER: E.
What system of organism is damaged first of all at renal failure?
A Cardiovascular
B CNS
C Digestive
D Respiratory
E All equally
ANSWER: E.
What is the main feature of urine infection in children?
A Leucocyturia
B Erythrocyturia
C Cylindruria
D All transferred
E Bacteriuria
ANSWER: E.
Pyelonephritis is distinguishing from low urinary infection by:
A Fever more than 38,5°С
B Leukocytosis and increasing of ESR
C Increasing of concentration function of kidneys
D Proteinuria and aminoaciduria
E All transferred
ANSWER: E.
The main symptom of chronic bronchitis is:
A Hyperthermia
B Wheezing
C Dyspnea
D Intoxication
E Prolonged cough
ANSWER: E.
What is the most important reason of all organs and systems dysfunction in chronic lung disease in children?
A Surfactant deficiency
B Intoxication
C Hemodynamic disorders
D Immunity impairment
E Hypoxia
ANSWER: E.
What symptom is the sign of the continuous hypoxemia?
A Cyanosis of nasolabial triangle
B Acrocyanosis
C Wet cough in the morning
D Total cyanosis
E Deformation of the terminal phalanges as "clubbing fingers" and "watch glasses"
ANSWER: E.
Weight deficiency more than 30% is typical for:
A 1st degree malnutrition
B 2nd degree malnutrition
C eutrophia
D everything is wrong
E 3rd degree of malnutrition
ANSWER: E.
Paratrofia is manifested by:
A. decreased body weight proportionally to the length
B. increased body weight in stunted growth
C. decreased body weight with an accelerated growth
D. everything is correct
E. increased body weight proportionally to the length
ANSWER: E.
Paratrofia is manifested by:
A reduction of subcutaneous fat
B reduced skin elasticity
C increased soft tissues turgor
D everything is correct
E increased subcutaneous fat
ANSWER: E.
The main cause of malnutrition
A enzymopathy
B pneumonia
C rickets
D dysbacteriosis
E inadequate dietary intake
ANSWER: E.
Therapeutic feeding for children with malnutrition:
A diet according to the age
B diet, taking into account the concomitant disease
C diet with adapted formulas
D diet with maladapted formulas
E rejuvenation food
ANSWER: E.
Name principles of nutrition in malnutrition:
A diet, taking into account the concomitant disease and cause of malnutrition
B diet, taking into account children's age and cause of malnutrition
C diet using adopted formulas and age of the child
D maximum feeding
E tolerance to food establishment and food rejuvenation
ANSWER: E.
The final diagnosis of bronchiectasis needs:
A. spirography
B. bronchoscopy
C. X-ray of the chest
D. everything is wrong
E. bronchography
ANSWER: E.