Name_______________KEY______________
Cells Unit Mid-Unit Review
Academic Biology
1. List some difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
eukaryotes
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Much larger
Much more complex
Contain a true nucleus to house the genetic material (DNA)
Linear DNA packaged into chromatin found inside the nucleus
Contains specialized structures in the cytoplasm called organelles to carry out various functions
Not all have a cell wall
prokaryotes
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Much smaller
Less complex
No true nucleus
Circular DNA that is found in the cytoplasm
No organelles found in the cytoplasm
Surrounded by a cell wall
2. Organelle means "little organ." How are organelles similar to organs?
-they have a specific structure and function to carry out a specific job- just like organs in our bodies
3. What are the levels of organization in a eukaryote? - list them.
-cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
4. All large organisms have cells with organelles. What advantage do organelles give the cell?
Eukaryotic cells are larger and can not pass nutrients as quickly. They require specialized organelles to:
i. carry out metabolism
ii. provide energy
iii. transport chemicals throughout the cell
5. The cell requires instructions in order to function correctly; where are these instructions
found? - the DNA in the cytoplasm
6. How are the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts similar? Which kinds of cells can
each be found in?
-they both provide energy for the cell
-mitochondria in all types of cells – chloroplasts are only in plant cells
7. By comparing a bee's body mass to its wing span, it has been calculated that a bee should
not be able to fly. Cell biologists have since found that the muscles which control the
wings of the bee have a huge number of mitochondria. Explain why this discovery may
help explain why bees are able to fly.
-the mitochondria provide energy for cells- the cells of a bee’s wings must be able to have ample
amounts of energy needed to operate.
Name_______________KEY______________
Cells Unit Mid-Unit Review
Academic Biology
8. What is the function of the ER?
Location: In the cytoplasm around the nucleus
Function: Modifies materials needed in the cell
Aka: “Fashion designers”
9. Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus.
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Location: In the cytoplasm
Function: Sorts and ships materials to the correct parts of the cell
Aka: “the post office”
10. How do the ER and Golgi apparatus work together to transport materials throughout a
cell? Ribosomes on the rough ER make proteins destined for the cell membrane or export out of the cell.
The ER packages these proteins in vesicles (made from part of the ER membrane) that are sent to the Golgi
body. The vesicle fuses with the Golgi membrane, and the Golgi sorts and ships the proteins in a vesicle
(made from part of the Golgi membrane) to the plasma (cell) membrane. The vesicle then fuses with the
plasma membrane and the proteins are used in the membrane itself, or secreted outside the cell membrane.
11. What is the function of ribosomes?
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Location: In the cytoplasm and on the rough ER
Function: Makes protein
Aka: “Protein packs”
12. Cells of the stomach lining have large numbers of ribosomes and Golgi. Explain why this is
true.
Golgi Function: Sorts and ships materials to the correct parts of the cell
ribosomes: Function: Makes protein
The stomach is a major site of digestion. Food material needs to be absorbed in the cells and packaged to
be sent wherever it needs to go throughout the cells of the body.
13. What are the functions of lysosomes?
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Location: In the cytoplasm
Function: Destroys worn out cell parts
Aka: “the death chamber:
14. A Biology student has observed an amoeba (animal cell) and made a drawing. You are
marking the drawing and notice that he has drawn in a chloroplast. Do you take marks off
or not? Explain.
– an amoeba is an animal cell, and therefore does not have any chloroplasts
Name_______________KEY______________
Cells Unit Mid-Unit Review
Academic Biology
15. What is the function of the cell wall? Name some types of organisms that have cell walls.
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Location: Around the cell membrane of plant cells
Function: Gives the cell shape and protection
Aka: “plant cell armor”
 ex: oak tree, apple tree, apples, onions, leaves of any type
16. How does a cell membrane differ from a cell wall?
-materials can pass through a cell membrane- it determines what can come into and out of the cell; both
plant and animal cells have a cell membrane
-cell walls provide support and protection for the cell- only plant cells have them
17. List the organelles that are only found in plants. List those found only in animals.
found only in plants: cell wall, chloroplasts
only in animal cells: cilia, flagella
18. Why is a cell membrane considered “selectively permeable”?
The cell membrane controls what, when, and how materials can pass through the
membrane
19. What is the function of proteins in cell membranes?
• Proteins act as passageways for nonpolar (hydrophobic) molecules to pass through.
• Without proteins embedded in the bilayer, essential molecules needed for communication,
energy, etc., would not reach the interior of the cell.
20. What is the function of carbohydrates (such as cholesterol) in cell membranes?
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Carbohydrates are attached to the proteins.
– Allow for cell recognition and communication.
21. If a substance cannot be passed through the cell membrane via osmosis or diffusion, how
is it still able to be moved into or out of the cell?
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Facilitated Diffusion - Diffusion through pores or channel proteins
22. What is a receptor? How does it allow cells in multicellular organisms to communicate?
• are often found on the outside of cells where they bind chemical signaling
molecules and influence cellular activity