Indonesia
C.E.O- Warren Lance
A. My focus when formulating policies is my country’s economy. I want
to do what I can to increase our overall wealth as a nation as well as
increasing the wealth of the individual citizen. I feel that if poverty is
lowered there is less chance for social unrest, which is a large concern
to me because of a large dissident population. The graph shows that
focusing on our markets gives us the greatest opportunity to reaching
the goal of a wealthy nation.
If we become a wealthy nation our security will be much greater.
There would be less inner turmoil and fewer outside forces that have
the ability to harm us. Our status in the world would also greatly
increase, giving us increased bargaining positions when it came to
international trade and foreign policy. We would like to eventually be
seen as an important trade partner. This can happen due partially to
our energy exports, specifically oil and coal. We are one of the
largest oil producing nations in Asia and the Pacific and the largest
producer of thermal use coal (Dept. of State website). We would like
to see increased exportation of these resources. To increase the
exportation of oil, we need to encourage foreign investment and
exploration. We also need to decrease domestic oil usage.
B.
First of all, the demands placed upon me would be mostly
economically based. After the Asian financial crisis of 1997 caused our
economy to drop, we need to do everything we can to get ourselves to
pre-1997 levels and even past them (Dept. of State website). Also,
years of political unrest and corruption has led to much investor
distrust creating a drop in foreign investment. We need to do what we
can to build confidence with those foreign investors. Ways to do this is
to enforce labor laws, increase worker’s rights, and encourage
unionization of the workers. Also increased protection of intellectual
property to promote confidence with high-technology investors.
Domestic policies also need to be streamlined to speed up the
investment procedures as well as make the whole process easier. We
hope that these reforms will encourage foreign investment, especially
from the U.S., Japan, and China. Indonesia is at peace with all of its
neighbors and has no real threat in the region so its military policy is
mostly focused on keeping internal peace. The military would like to
change its role to a specialized external force which would mean an
increase in already understaffed national police force (Dept. of State
website). Some domestic policies will need to be created to encourage
the growth of that force. To help increase the per capita income and
the overall wealth of the nation, educational reforms will need to be
made. School enrollment is at 92% but only about 44% of students
attend junior high school or higher (Dept. State website). Getting this
rate up and encouraging the attendance of secondary educational
facilities is vital to our economic growth. This would allow for
specialized workers in highly technological world and increase
industrial and technological development domestically. I believe this
will encourage foreign investment which, as stated earlier, would be
greatly beneficial to us.
I am only interested in policies that will help this country grow
economically and structurally. I would like to do everything I can to
promote the financial well-being of this nation. That is the first step
to a rich and full society and a society that is content with itself.
There has been much ethnic unrest, especially between the Pribumis
(the Indonesian natives) and the Chinese-Indonesian who are looked
upon as being as controlling the nation because of their greater
wealth. The riots in Jakarta in 1997 and 1998 are examples of
this.(www.wikipedia.com) I hope that with the aid of foreign countries
that the wealth of this nation can grow.
C.
We, the government of Indonesia, are announcing the pursuit of
a more aggressive economic policy. After the economic crisis of the
late 1990’s that was felt by all of Asia, we feel that we need to pursue
the goals of increasing foreign investment, increased exportation of
natural resources, and decreasing waste and instability.
To increase foreign investment we need to ensure the investors
that Indonesia is again a safe place to invest. We need to enforce labor
laws, eliminate corruption, and streamline domestic policies so that
investment procedures are more organized and easier to complete. We
also plan to increase investing by promoting more oil development and
exploration, as well as natural gas, coal, and other natural resources.
We hope that nations take advantage of this opportunity. This would
also allow us to increase our natural resource exports. Lately we have
been a net importer of oil and we would like to see get turned around.
Along with an increase in national wealth, we would also like to see
an increase in per capita income. To do this we will follow a course of
action to promote increased attendance in schools, especially
post-secondary education. With more skilled workers and a better
educated society we hope to increase our overall productivity, both for
the nation and the individual. This would also give us a chance to
develop more technologically advanced industries. This program would
rely on our planned economic increase in the long run and in the short
term on foreign aid and planning assistance.
We will also continue to pursue our current foreign policy of
staying out of conflicts between major nations and focusing mainly on
local relationships. We are moving further away from the Anti-West
and Anti-American stance and policies of previous administrations. We
will continue our participation in the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement. We hope that this does not
hinder our relations with countries that may seek our help in a military
conflict. We believe in creating and sustaining peace and will work
with other nations towards a peaceful conclusion of their altercation.
We hope other nations will stand by us in this and help us create a
more peaceful global community.
CIO- Alyssa Cho
1.
Aid (Foreign) net- Billion $
Threat (received) Index as Probability (Percent) of Militarized Dispute Across all
Originators
State Failure Through Internal War (Event Occurrence)
A.
The trend of foreign aid into Indonesia is significant as an indicator of the reliance
of Indonesia on other countries for assistance, specifically focusing on the aid for security
purposes. The flow of aid into Indonesia over the next twenty years shows the forecasted
increase in reliance on other countries for security assistance.
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this reliance on foreign assistance
proposes a possible threat to both Indonesia and the countries on which Indonesia relies
upon. It creates a possible threat to the security of the nation while also threatening the
status of the country. Since one of my visions for Indonesia as the CIO is to lessen our
reliance on foreign aid, this trend proposes a threat to the desired status of our country on
an international level.
A goal is to lessen the reliance on foreign aid to maintain security in our nation,
yet the trends shown in the first graph of the predicted foreign aid for security show an
increase over the next twenty years. Also, according to the trends of the first graph,
Indonesia will become fairly reliant on the foreign aid predicted for security. Therefore a
high demand for support will be required from other countries.
The second and third graphs show a decrease in both the threat to security by
militarized dispute across originators and the state failure of security through internal
war. These trends demonstrate the emphasis of the policy on the difference values of
power and respect. The internal peace of the nation will increase according to the trends,
meaning that a respect both nationally and internationally will develop and increase over
the next twenty years.
B..
The history of Indonesia speaks to the importance of stability in the formation of
policies for this simulation. Since their declaration of independence on August 15, 1945
and the recognition of their independence by the Netherlands on December 27, 1945,
Indonesia has experienced a rough transition from authoritarianism to democracy
(http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html). Following the declaration
of independence in 1945, Indonesia experienced internal unrest due to the power
transition, including the violent acts by the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) from
1965-1966 (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm). The violent opposition to the
democracy by the PKI led to the death of a range of 160,000 to 500,000 people, mainly in
Bali and Java (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm).
The animosity within the nation, the geographical separation of the islands of the
archipelago and the religious and cultural diversity has led to a difficult transition to a
unified democratic nation in Indonesia. These many differences made creating a unified
nation difficult because of the conflicting views and opinions of the Indonesian people.
There has also been a discussion of corruption within the government as a whole and
through individual leaders (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm). In addition to the
difficulty in unification due to individual differences, there has also been evidence of
abuse of human rights by the Indonesian National Police
(http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html).
With an overview of the history of Indonesia’s development as a democratic
nation, I expect that I will be under heavy demands to establish and maintain internal
peace within Indonesia. I also expect that the violations of human rights by the police
force must be dealt with as well.
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, security is the second most important
step after survival. Recognizing the importance of security, I realize that my role in the
decision-making process for Indonesia is vital. I also recognize that there will be a heavy
responsibility from my own country to maintain internal peace.
By looking at the GDA model I see that the goals of attaining internal peace will
have the pressures (drift) of the separation of cultural groups within the nation as well as
the facts standing that there has been unrest in the nation in the past.
In general, my policy will focus on establishing internal peace through the
utilization of security funds. As the graphs mentioned above shows, Indonesia’s reliance
on foreign aid for security is increasing, I would like to have those numbers not increase
at the percentage that they are in the trends mentioned above. Currently, defense
spending in the national budget is 1.8% of the GDP, supplemented by the privatized
support from military businesses and foundations
(http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm). I plan on utilizing this budget and the other
support to maximize internal security while also minimizing the abuse and corruption by
the Indonesian National Police.
C)
Under the current conditions of the nation of Indonesia, I plan to continue the
progress of the nation towards a successful democracy. In order to accomplish this, I
would like to focus on the corruption of the bureaucracy of Indonesia. In order to gain
internal peace, this issue must be addressed. The current way in which this nation works
is one based out of fear and corruption between the people of Indonesia and the
bureaucracy (Nugroho, 215). I plan to increase internal security through the support and
improvement of internal peace while eliminating the corruption within the National
Police and other political leaders and organizations.
While many think that internal peace is an unachievable goal, I will prove
otherwise. Through the cooperation of the government officials, the people of the various
islands and the people of Indonesia as a whole, we can accomplish peace and improve the
moral of our country.
Through the elimination of the internal corruption as well as the internal threats of
terrorism and rebellion we can achieve a united nation. Through the unification of our
nation through safety, we will become a stronger state with similar goals and aspirations
making our success inevitable.
The source of funding for security needs to be careful investigated to ensure that
corruption is minimized. The private contributions given to the security funding needs
careful investigation as well.
The corruption of Indonesia’s governmental procedures, specifically in the
security measures shows through one major example. After the attack on Bali in 2002 as
well as a result of 9/11, the Indonesian National Intelligence Agency proposed a AntiTerrorism Regulation which was quickly signed without opposition (Nugroho, 222). The
regulation gives officials the right to oust any possible threat from the country, which can
easily be seen as an opportunity for corruption amongst government officials.
I feel that in addition the possible corruption arising from this regulation, that
many officials abuse not only this regulation, but other human rights as well. Nugroho
points out other ways in which the government takes their rights to a level of abuse and
corruption. While security is a vital part of success for this nation of Indonesia, I feel that
the corruption of the bureaucracy should be minimized in order to increase nationality
and public support of the nation as well as individual governmental authorities. Rather
than out of fear, citizens should support the government out of similar goals and
aspirations for the nation as a whole.
By creating a more moral bureaucracy that doesn’t abuse the human rights of their
citizens, we can build a way to a safer nation internally while developing our country on
an international level. By creating national unity through the establishment of security we
can fulfill the potential of Indonesia.
Works Cited
1. Nugroho, Bimo. (2003). National Security and Open Government in Indonesia.
Syracuse, NY: 2003.
2. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm
3. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html
4. www.ifs.du.edu
CBO- Justin Muraoka
Section A
In analyzing the trends of the two graphs, it is evident that production in
agriculture has risen over the past years and will possible continue to rise over time. You
can also see that imports in agriculture have decreased probably due to more production
in the country and maybe due to other factors such as cheaper prices compared to other
countries. These trends do not appear to oppose any threat but rather an opportunity for
Indonesia to develop its exports. Based on these trends, this provides Indonesia with the
opportunity to possible follow this trend to expand and specialize in the production of
agriculture, therefore giving Indonesia another possible competitive advantage in foreign
exchange and trade. By following this drift (trend) and increasing production in
agriculture, this will also allow us to obtain one of our group’s goals in this simulation
which is to reduce the unemployment rate in Indonesia and boost its exports. Based on
these assumptions, I would predict that demand from other countries would increase,
therefore bringing more wealth to the country. By looking at these trends, my vision for
my country is to expand development in agriculture to produce more jobs and increase
exports instead of relying on imports so much. This vision and goals is something to
consider when developing foreign policies with other countries.
This is important to keep in mind while developing policies due to the fact that
Indonesia has lost one of its biggest export commodities (oil) because of the aging of
these oil mines and the failure to upgrade equipment. Oil exports in Indonesia have
dropped significantly and Indonesia is now a major importer of goods and oil rather than
an exporter. This presents Indonesia with a loss in their most valuable source of
exporting revenue. Using the trends in upward production of agriculture, it is possible to
make Indonesia a major exporter again instead of importer.
Agricultural Production
Imports
Section B
Based on these trends and Indonesia’s economy today, I feel that the demands of
my teammates would be to increase productivity in other sectors (ex. Agriculture) and
possibly export these goods. Because of the medical aid needed in Indonesia, my group
also wants to trade or import medical and health supplies with other strong countries such
as U.S. and Japan. According to CNN.com, a lady died on February 21, 2006 due to the
bird flu. This bird flu has spread and killed millions of birds in Europe, the Middle East
and Africa and has also infected some humans as well. Because of this, Medical supplies
might be highly demanded from other countries just incase the spread of this bird flu
mutates enough to cause a widespread of infection among humans. Demands from other
countries in terms of oil exporting might still be high. Although oil exporting has been
reduced significantly, and because Indonesia is one of the few countries who has the
resources of oil, our country has somewhat power over other countries. Due to this
power of oil, we might be willing to meet a few countries demands if trade agreements
can be made in return for other needed commodities. This power in oil, although limited,
can also be dangerous in terms of terrorist acts. Something else that might be of great
demand to other countries could be rubber. Because Indonesia is one of the world’s
major rubber producers, this could help Indonesia to use rubber and agriculture to boosts
its exporting industry back up and possibly increase further growth in other countries.
By looking at these drifts (trends), I would expect countries to respond to this in a
positive way. These major exports such as rubber, possibly oil, and hopefully agriculture
should have a positive affect on other countries. These are all major exports and by
focusing on these exports, this will produce further jobs thus decreasing unemployment
in Indonesia. Counties that we are primarily focused on exporting to as well as importing
are Japan and U.S. These countries have been the two of Indonesia’s top trading
countries in the past and we hope to continue this trend being that they are considerably
two of the top countries.
Indonesia growth in these sectors will solely rely on other countries demands in
products that Indonesia specializes in to export. However, competitive prices in other
countries for the same goods might have an affect on rebuilding Indonesia’s exports.
Another factor that could have an affect might be government regulations and barriers to
entry in new countries. Overcoming these factors could benefit Indonesia to becoming a
more productive country, reduce un-employment, increase export revenues, and produce
maximum efficiency by producing goods their good at and importing production goods
their weaker in.
C. Indonesia is considered to be the third largest populated country in the world that
has a fairly high unemployment rate. Trade is expected to continue towards the
developing trend of agriculture production so that we can increase exports to other
countries which will produce more jobs and decrease the unemployment rate in
Indonesia. We also expect to bargain with countries such as U.S. and Japan in trading our
decreasing oil supply only if those countries are willing to trade for medical supplies
which will be used to support the medical field in the country. Exporting of natural
rubber to other countries is expected to continue to increase as well as other products
such as clothing, machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, and footwear. We
expect to continue to export these products to the U.S. as well as other interested
countries if they are willing to continue or start to allow us to import some goods such as
construction equipment, machinery, aviation parts, chemicals, and maybe some
agriculture.
Some of the consequences that we expect to have in regards to all this is a steady
decrease in the unemployment rate, an increase in exporting and well as importing to
increase total productivity, and developing good relations with foreign investors and
traders.
One of the main demands we expect to see is the demand for oil. Because oil is a
highly needed resource and because oil exports have been reduced greatly in Indonesia
due to the aging of the oil mines and the failure to upgrade equipment, we expect the
demand to further supply oil to other countries to be high. We also anticipate that their
will be increased demand for agriculture which will help Indonesia to use agriculture as a
new means of exporting to expand globally.
We expect to maintain and continue to receive high support from the U.S. especially
in helping to support Indonesia with medical supplies and equipment to help fight off the
many diseases. We also expect to reduce the reliance on importing good and focus more
on exporting goods with the help of other countries willing to trade for agriculture that
will be hopefully a big improvement in reducing the unemployment rate by increasing
jobs in agriculture production.
We expect to be more politically stable and hope to maintain long term relationships
with other nations. Therefore these long term relations can ensure reliability in trade and
hopefully improve negotiation trading contracts as the years progress.
CTO- Jenna Fear
Part A
According to the U.S. Department of State website, Indonesia is the fourth most
populated country in the world with 224 million people. This fact brought great interest
to me so I looked up the population growth graph to the year 2010 and what I found was
the complete opposite. According to the graph the population is expected to drastically
decline to less than 75% in 2010. I think that this decline in growth would be a benefit to
the country because as of now, more than 107 million people live on the island of Java
alone, which is approximately the size of New York City (U.S. Department of State, 2). It
is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. This many people in a single area
can easily cause security concerns, environmental pollution as well as a target for
terrorists. I think that if we spread out the population of Indonesia between all the
different islands it would benefit not only the people, but give room for more
development. I think that this is very important to consider when developing new
policies with other countries.
After the 1997-98 financial crisis in Indonesia the countries gross domestic
product growth rate slowly started rising to its estimated peak in 2004. According to my
second graph which is the GDP growth rate, after the peak in 2004 it dropped to about
3.7% in 2005 and in 2006 slowly started rising again, but not yet as much as its peak in
2004 was. This trend in GDP growth is very unstable and may be a contributing factor in
why some other countries are hesitant in developing in Indonesia. Correlating with
Maslows hierarchy of needs, people create systems to fulfill their needs. In Indonesia’s
case however, our goal is to be economically stable. With our GDP rate being really
unstable and constantly changing, this is definitely a big concern for the status of our
country and how we are viewed by investors throughout the world. According to
Laswell’s welfare values, this fluctuation is not good for the well-being of our economy
and we need to focus on stabilizing and raising the GDP overall growth rate. Laswell’s
deference values such as Indonesia’s power and respect that we gain from other countries
are unstable because of our economic instability.
GDP
Population
Part B
After researching our country, Indonesia has a very high unemployment rate of
10%
(The world Factbook, 1). My task as the CBA is going to be to try and lower this
unemployment rate and get lower the poverty of Indonesia’s people. As of 2004, 15.2%
of Indonesia’s population is under the poverty line, this is an extremely high percentage
compared to the other major countries in the world. Indonesia is made up of more than
17,000 islands geographically and of those, 6,000 are uninhabited. It would be very easy
for other countries to come and invest and develop factories and plants here giving more
jobs, lowering the unemployment rate. Being that our country has oil resources that are
highly in demand from other countries we somewhat have power and an edge over those
who don’t have as much. I think that my teammates as well as other countries would be
very optimistic about developing in our country because it would bring extra profit to
them as well as some perks to our country as well. I think that it is a “win, win” situation.
Some countries that we would want to target with this proposition would be our
neighbors, like China.
In terms of commitments to policies and funding, my teammates should expect
some changes to investment policies so we can reach our overall goal of being
economically stable by ensuring a positive, upward cash flow to our country.
I feel Indonesia needs to become more stable in terms of economic and in terms
of Maslows hierarchy of needs with the community (education systems) and security.
Policies and alliances with other countries have a great opportunity to help us reach our
vision and goals of being a more stable country.
Looking forward, I expect others to react to this situation very favorably. As you
saw in my first graph, the population growth rate is expected to decrease in Indonesia.
Even though the island of Java is densely populated there are a lot of islands that can be
developed hopefully making Indonesia more powerful. By having partners like China or
other neighboring countries developed here, I believe that it is more likely that we will
have treaties and alliances with them insuring a more secure powerful country.
C. Indonesia’s gross domestic product has decreased drastically in the past couple
of years and is giving the country a very unstable outlook for positive economic
development. The gross domestic product trend is slowly growing again but not quite as
fast as it was in previous years. Under these trends, I expect other countries to be
skeptical in developing in Indonesia because out GDP is so unstable. My goal is to make
policies with other countries enabling them to come and develop in Indonesia and
stabilize our GDP as well as reduce unemployment and export more of our natural
resources and decrease imports.
Some of the consequences that I expect when trying to make policies with other
countries would be the insecurity of developing in our country. Being that Indonesia is
one of the less powerful states as well as it being economically unstable, it is only natural
that other countries might be uncertain in investing in Indonesia.
Although Indonesia lacks in economic stability, it is not far fetched to change.
Indonesia has the leverage of its population as well as the area to do so. Indonesia is
made up of more than 17,000 islands. There is a lot of room for growth in this country,
enabling our downward spiral economically to increase.
In order for me to achieve my long term goal of stabilizing Indonesia’s GDP, I am
going to need participation with the CTO of Indonesia. One of the CTO’s of Indonesia is
all for environmentally developing Indonesia with positive growth not steering away
from it’s natural beauty and trying to implement policies which ensure that developers
follow strict guidelines in not damaging Indonesia’s overall environmental well-being. I
would like to implement certain policies with her as well as with our investing countries
to ensure that we are making positive growth not only to our GDP but also to our overall
welfare.
If these policies go through, this will enable Indonesia more job opportunities,
therefore decreasing the unemployment of the country. Indonesia is the 4th most
populated country in the world and its unemployment is fairly high. If more countries
invest in developing in Indonesia, the per capita income is expected to rise while the
overall economic is expected to become more stable.
CMO- Kris Sanchez
Section A
Indonesia can be viewed as a small fish in a big pond. While its power index over
the next decade is expected to rise from 1.48 to 1.51 (see graph), this is a very small
increase. Furthermore, after the year 2010 the power index is expected to decline and
keep declining through 2020. In comparison, the power indexes of world powers such as
the United States and China over that same period of time are about 25 and 11
respectively. However, there are some reasons to believe that Indonesia could be on the
up-and-up over the next decade or two.
As the Chief Military Officer (CMO) it is important to look at what will help the
country continue to grow in the right direction. In the next decade, Indonesia’s foreign
aid is expected to continue to rise (see graph). This trend shows that while Indonesia has
relatively little power to makes changes on its own, we are receiving a fair amount of
help for other nations. This trend supports Maslow’s theory about hierarchy of needs;
because Indonesia has such a small power index, we have to look for other means by
which we can improve our country. By continuing to receive increasing amounts of
foreign aid we are able to make necessary changes.
Section B
Currently Indonesia has a good relationship with the Unites States. The United
States has important economic, commercial, and security interests in Indonesia.
Indonesia’s location in close proximity to a number of important international maritime
straits makes it a major contributor to regional security. The countries share a common
goal of maintaining peace, security, and stability in the region. However, terrorist
activities over the past few years have jeopardized that peace. Since the terrorist attacks
in Bali (Oct. 2002) and Jakarta (Aug. 2003), the United States and Indonesia have
increased their counter-terrorism efforts. It is my intention as CMO to continue the fight
against terrorism in our country.
Currently the national budget for defense spending is $1,300,000, only 3% of the
nation’s GDP. Our budget is less than every other country in the simulation. Because
our budget is so small, it is imperative that we receive aid from countries outside of our
own. The United States is a likely country that we will approach for aid because of our
mutual goals of maintaining peace in the region. With the defense budget of the United
States being upwards of $300 billion added to the fact that we share the common goal of
maintaining peace, security, and stability in the region, we are confident that they will
help fund our efforts against terrorism. There are, however, other possibilities should the
U.S. decide not to assist our efforts.
Since 1966 Indonesia has been linked to Japan through the Intergovernmental
Group on Indonesia (IGGI) which is now known as the Consultative Group on Indonesia
(CGI). This group has provided significant foreign economic assistance and is
committed to assisting Indonesian reform. Therefore Japan is another country that we
have the option of forming an alliance with in order to receive additional foreign aid.
Because terrorism has been such an ongoing problem within our country, I
anticipate that I will have full support of my teammates in my efforts to both increase
military expenditures and form alliances with other more powerful countries. In so doing
it will make our country a stronger, more efficient, and safer one. I anticipate other team
members to look to me in order to preserve the peace in our country and rid it of terrorist
activities. In addition, I anticipate that they will give me the authority and power to deny
terrorist groups from forming alliances with other nations in attempt to overthrow our
government.
Currently our actual position is pretty low on the totem pole. Our nation’s budget
for defense spending is lower than country’s budget in the simulation. Therefore, our
goals are to form alliances in order to continue to increase our foreign aid from other
countries. By forming alliances and utilizing our foreign aid we should be able to arrive
at our desired destination; a peaceful country without that presence of terrorism. We
want Indonesia to be a country free to trade internationally, grow economically, and live
every day life without the threat of terrorism.
C.
Currently Indonesia has no major disputes with foreign nations. Therefore, it is
my intention as Chief Military Officer to focus our efforts and military expenditures on
“in-house” problems. A major concern has just surfaced in our country which I believe
should receive our immediate attention.
A recent press release has linked Al-Qaeda to all of the suicide bombings in
Indonesia over the past four years. Osama bin Laden’s terrorist group is now proven to
collaborate with the regional militant group Jemaah Islameh. Colonel Petrus Reinhard
Golose of Indonesia's counterterrorism task force said money for the attacks was handdelivered to leaders of Jemaah Islameh.
Now that we have confirmation of Al-Qaeda’s presence contributing to terrorist
attacks within our boundaries, I believe we have to change our current military policy.
Since the United States is in a constant struggle with bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, they are
once again a likely nation that we will look to for assistance. We can no longer sit back
and continue to have our fellow citizens killed in our own streets.
I realize the fight against terrorism will be a costly one. In all likelihood we are
going to have to increase our budget for military spending. But I believe it is better to
spend money than to continue to bury innocent civilians.
Hayley Allen
Indonesia-CSO/ Green Peace
A.
Indonesia is an archipelago of 17,000 islands, with a population of 216 million people. It
houses the third largest area of tropical rainforest on earth, holds reserves of oil, gas, a
variety of valuable minerals, and holds 10% of the world’s species (WALHI). Sadly due
to economic growth sustainable local resources and the environment are being destroyed
in the process. As a representative for Green Peace in Indonesia, I feel it is important for
the government to take the environment into consideration when making policies. If they
fail to see the importance of maintaining a healthy environment Indonesia runs a risk of
permanently destroying many of its valuable resources.
I chose two particular graphs that I found to be of importance to the
environmental issues I intend to address over the next few months. The first graph I chose
is depicting the expected water usage in Indonesia from now until the year 2020. The
graph shows a great increase in the amount of water being consumed. According to
Maslow’s theory, our trend of the increasing water usage does, in my opinion, indicate a
looming threat to the livelihoods within Indonesia. Indonesia already struggles with fresh
water management and if the water resources are being polluted, due to factors of
economic growth, and at the same time the demand for water increasing, we are likely to
run into some serious problems.
The second graph I would like to examine is the graph displaying the intended
decrease of forests from now until 2020. According to WALHI, the Indonesian Forum for
Environment, “[f]rom 1980 to 1990 Indonesia’s forests and wooded land decreased by
about 0.8- 1.5 million hectares annually”. If the trend continues at the current rate of 3.8
million hectares per year, the remaining rainforest lowlands will soon be destroyed
(WALHI). Since lumber is such a precious export of Indonesia, in regards to Easton’s
theory, I expect the price of lumber to increase but soon be exhausted as the resources run
dry. I expect the people of Indonesia to bare the consequences of this and in turn help to
change the governmental policies regarding logging, illegal and legal. Deforestation is a
major problem and I intend to focus primarily on this subject.
B.
As a non-governmental organization I understand that I have a large task in front
of me. In order to make real changes I am going to have to enlist the help of the
Indonesian government in order to make permanent and drastic changes in their
environmental policies. I expect my teammates to be supportive in my goals to help save
and protect aspects of Indonesia’s environment; its natural resources are a concern not
only for the citizens of the country, but for any countries that have trade relations with
Indonesia. I expect to hit some barriers when trying to work with the government to make
policy changes, especially in the areas of trade. Indonesia’s main exports are: oil and gas,
electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, and rubber (CIA World Fact Book). Although
exporting goods are vital to Indonesia’s economy I want to make sure that environmental
issues are not disregarded in the process of obtaining this valuable resources. I intend to
work with the government, not against it.
In accordance with Maslow’s theory, I do see a severe looming threat to the
livelihoods of Indonesia if the environment is destroyed at the expense of economic
growth. Indonesia has a limited supply of fresh water and each day a percentage of that
water is being polluted. It may seem like an extremely small percentage at the moment,
but what happens when the fresh water supply is not enough to support the growing
population? If that was the case the Indonesia people would suffer greatly. It is my job to
try to prevent this from occurring and in turn is what I hope to accomplish. Indonesia is a
country rich in oil—a resource extremely valuable in today’s age. Due to the fact that oil
is a major export of Indonesia, it is crucial that all the mining and handling of this
resource be done in an eco-friendly process. All these examples are just a few of the
threats Indonesia faces if it continues on the destructive path it is on. If the environment
is ignored, as it has been in the past, all the resources Indonesia relies so heavily on could
simply run out.
There are certain demands that I expect to receive from my teammates and
members of other countries. One anticipated request would be to not interfere with
policies that could have a negative affect on the economy. I intend to make demanding
requests to the government about increasing the regulations on logging and pollution;
some requests may interfere with the economic growth of the country. On the other hand
I do expect my teammates and members of other countries, on an ethical and moral level,
to recognize the importance of what I am trying to do and see how crucially important the
changes are for the future. I believe that my teammates, in the way of commitments to
policies and funding, will expect me to be clear on exactly what I am demanding of them
and will demand that I clearly focus on specific goals. Looking forward I expect my
teammates to respond professionally, remaining strong on the issues that are important to
them, yet I expect them to understand the importance of what I am doing for the
longevity of our country.
CSO- Samuel Kaliwoda-Kipp
Section A.
Within the Simulation I shall play the part of a Non-Government Organization
known as the Red Cross. As you may know the Red Cross is an international
organization, but my focus will be Indonesia since that is the country I am a part of in the
simulation. As my position as the Red Cross I will try and help people in Indonesia who
have been harmed by internal violence, diseases, or natural disasters.
Indonesia is a place which needs a lot of attention from the Red Cross. For one
Indonesia lies along an area that contains earthquakes and volcanoes which causes
tsunamis that creates great amounts of death and destruction. An example of this is the
destruction left by the Tsunami in 2004. Indonesia also faces problems with internal
violence because the people within Indonesia are so culturally diverse that there are often
conflicts between groups. Also there is a large terrorist problem where terrorists have
already organized training camps and caused many deaths as one can see on the second
graph below. As one can see the deaths are likely to increase steadily, the highest one
being the security column. In using the GDA I see that my goal, which is to increase the
quality of life for Indonesians. The graph shows that the trend is going toward my goal
but my goal is to raise the “Sustain,” “Security,” and “Policy” marks of quality of life for
Indonesian people so that they are higher than they would be to 2020. And do so by
acquiring funding from different governments and organizations. The leverage I imagine
I might have is by involving the UN if terrorists try and oppose my goals by creating
violence and deaths. And I may ask the CEO in Indonesia to help out.
The Graph, where the quality of life for the people of Indonesia shows a steady
growth is important because it shows how Indonesia is progressing but shows that it
could still be much better. Although showing improvement the Red Cross members will
make sure that it will get better. One can see on the death rate graph that Indonesia is in a
slump going from over 1.9 million deaths in 2005 to over 2.4 million deaths by 2020. My
Goal within the simulation is to try and lower the death rate by giving aid to Indonesians
that require support from the violence of internal and external conflict by sending out
food supplies, and medical help, and by communicating with the leaders of my country
and other countries for help. My goal is to help lower the deaths to 2.1 by 2020 opposed
to what is shown on the graph. And I think I would have the same leverage as explained
above. I think these graphs show that Indonesia is in troubling condition. Most of the
economy is supported by donations from other countries and organizations. Also there is
a sense of disunity due to the diverse cultures within the country that don’t always get
along, this can be seen in the “death rate” graph and how much of the deaths are caused
by terrorists within the country.
Section B.
As one can see from these graphs they illustrate many of the difficulties in
Indonesia and I think it is important for other nations to see how this country needs
support and can be done through funding from different states and organizations or
individuals to the Red Cross so that the people of Indonesia can be safer from diseases,
internal conflict, and natural disasters in the future.
For Countries that give funding to the Red Cross and would like to be recognized
for their contributions there are awards given to countries or leaders who have helped in
contributing to the Red Cross in Indonesia. I have spoken to another member in our group
and have thought that it would be a good idea for other wealthy countries that need
natural resources such as oil and gas to be allowed to drill in Indonesian territory in
exchange for financial support to the Red Cross to help people in Indonesia to better the
health conditions with diseases such as Malaria, Aids, and Bird Flu. The funding we get
from other countries will also help people affected by armed conflicts (due to the
terrorism) in Indonesia. I expect many of the responses to be positive for there are a lot of
natural resources to gain from this country.
Indonesia needs a lot of support from other countries for at the moment it is
facing many challenges that are described above. Indonesia has a long history including
the Dutch who colonized the archipelago in 1900 and later the occupation of the Japanese
until 1945 when Suharto took control as the dictator of Indonesia. “The long term leader
General Suharto came to power in the aftermath of an abortive coup in 1965. He imposed
authoritarian rule while allowing technocrats to run the economy with considerable
success. His policy of allowing army involvement in all levels of government down to
village level fostered corruption. His “transmigration” programs-which moved large
numbers of landless farmers from Java to other parts of the country –fanned ethnic
conflict.” ( BBC News)
As one can see Indonesia started out pretty ruff which caused the events currently
in progress to take place. But things became better in 1998 when Suharto fell from power
and Indonesia became a democracy.
The new president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono who was an army
general in the past and won the elections in Indonesia in 2004 and is fighting against the
terrorism in Indonesia, but, “Some observers say he has failed to tackle the corruption
with the countries massive bureaucracy.” ( BBC News) As one can see the new president
of Indonesia is better than Suharto was but there is still much need for improving the
conditions in Indonesia.
These are some of the facts of the history and current issues in Indonesia. The Red
Cross is going to try and make Indonesia a better place through the funds we receive from
countries and other organizations. Our goal is to help the people of Indonesia by giving
them food, shelter and healthier lives through funds given to us by other countries and the
graphs below show how Indonesian people desperately need the Red Cross to help them.
Other things that I will be doing in the simulation probably being in a United
Nations conference talking about the different issues arising in Indonesia. If we simulate
a natural disaster such as an earthquake that causes tsunamis along the coasts it would
give us something to work, on how to help Indonesia and other countries that have been
struck by the disaster. Another thing I would try and simulate would be a summit with
other CSOs and work through common problems within my country and others.
Using Maslow I can say that the Red Cross works in the “Physiological,” and
“Safety” branch of his basic needs. That it helps it helps in the, “anticipated likelihood of
survival” (Chadwick). And the looming threat to Indonesia is stated above, including
diseases, natural disasters, terrorism, and hunger. And my concern is that Indonesia is not
a well respected country for its numerous problems and that it is not very powerful. I am
afraid that other countries will try and take advantage of our country economically for its
natural resources by force. As the Red Cross I will work hard to bring Indonesia back
into a good position in the world and help it get along the way to make it a more stable
country. I expect many countries to help fund Indonesia for their problems because there
are many things they could get in return, such as natural resources, prizes, strategic
location (for military bases to be held). And so in helping Indonesia one could help other
countries in the process. And in helping Indonesia one could make an alliance could
benefit both countries. And this links to the trends, for in bettering the country through
“Safety,” and “Physiological Needs” (Maslow) one is opposing the trend of high death
rates and low Physical quality of life that is found in the graphs below.
Facts about Indonesia:
Population:225.3 Million
Capital: Jakarta
Area: 742,308 sq miles
Major languages :Indonesian, 300 regional languages
Major religion: Islam
Main exports: Oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber, palm oil
GNI per Capita: US $1,140
C.
RED CROSS PROPOSE TO BETTER INDONESIA
Yesterday Red Cross proposed a course of action to better the living condition for
all Indonesians in need of help. The non-government organization proposes to do so by
asking other countries to give their share to help the Red Cross not only to fight against
poverty, diseases, and internal conflict but also to be ready for a tsunami that could
potentially cause many deaths and much destruction. The chair of the Red Cross was
asked yesterday in a press conference what other activities were to be done in the coming
year in Indonesia. And he replied, “We are planning to send more volunteers and Red
Cross employees and doctors to fight diseases such as Bird Flu, Aids, and Malaria. We
are also still in the process of helping wounded Indonesians from the internal conflicts
that are ongoing and asking the president of Indonesia for assistance.” He also mentioned
later on that they were planning on getting ready for potential environmental disasters
which may or may not happen, but that one needs to be prepared to help the people of
Indonesia in case one would occur.
The Red Cross will also be joining the UN meetings and speaking with officials
of other States and trying to get an idea of what the Red Cross can accomplish from the
funding it receives from them to better the living condition of Indonesia. The Red Cross
will also be involved in a summit that would possibly include another Non-governmental
organization from another country. And if there is a natural disaster or a war that breaks
out the Red Cross will be first in line to help the needy. To increase the living condition
by handing out medicines and foods to the sick and the hungry and take care of the
wounded. To those countries most generous the Red Cross will be giving out prizes and
include the names in the summary of the years efforts in a document posted on the web.
The Red Cross hopes that other countries will help in the cause to better
Indonesia, to not let Terrorism and diseases to grow and hopes to get much support from
neighboring countries and also from those from afar. Another support I expect Indonesia
to have is an alliance with China and a need to help both countries peoples with the help
of their non-government organizations. It is imperative for the Red Cross to gain the
support by other countries. And hopes that the help they receive will not only better
Indonesia but will also help fight against diseases and conflicts from arising that may
affect other countries if not treated.
The Red Cross will try and work with the leaders of Indonesia to give the people a
more stable economy, increase the safety within the country by involving the military if
needed and getting outside help, possibly from China and try to create an alliance with
them. I expect many pressures to be put on Indonesia because it is not as powerful or
stable as other countries in comparison and the Red Cross is afraid that other countries
will try and take advantage of Indonesia and use its natural resources by pressuring the
countries leaders. But The Red Cross also expects support from countries that face
similar problems as Indonesia such as China. The Red Cross will do what it can to better
the physical quality of life for Indonesians and they said that they will try and make
Indonesia a safer and better place to live.
CFO- David Ward
A.
As the CFO of Indonesia, I am confronted with the duty of ensuring our country’s
harmony with the global community, as well as acting in favor of whatever policies or
actions our country might take in order to ensure our prosperity, or at the very least, our
continued perseverance (be it in issues financial, social, or political).
Current trends indicate our Foreign Aid will increase while at the same time our
power as an agent of global change will decrease. I can only suppose from these
prominent indicators as well as current aims of Indonesian foreign policy that our
position in the world will develop into a source of cheap labor for the global economy.
Right now, Indonesia is heading an organization of Southeastern Asian countries in an
aligned coalition to join the Global North (or better yet, to abolish the concept of a
‘Global North’), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).
Although Indonesia would like to see itself as prosperous as a country, following
Maslow’s theory, Indonesia will need to be careful in ensuring that its foreign aid monies
are going to aid its growing population (see graph 3) in its most basic needs (those at the
bottom of the hierarchy, i.e. security, hunger), instead of succumbing to pressure to aid
the growth of other countries’ economies.
Essay Part B
It is clear from UN and US intelligence predictions that as a country, Indonesia
will not flourish. With this in mind, it is the aim of Indonesia in foreign policy to
maintain its dignity as a sovereign nation, and prevent the systematic undermining of our
individual economy. In other words, we will do whatever we can to get on top.
Our country is a divided one. A nation of small islands united under a vague
national identity. As such we need to build a strong foundation upon which our country
can be assertively represented. Unity as our domestic goal will ensure a strong
international identity. The recent loss of East Timor over sovereign differences and our
country’s inability to cope demonstrate domestic turmoil - which needs to be solved
before our country can progress internationally.
Many of our islands/provinces suffer from lack of resources and securities for
their own native peoples. Maslow’s hierarchy suggests that a country that cannot provide
adequate food and shelter for all of its citizens is one that must work out these struggles
before it can achieve more advanced national imperatives. This, and survival in a global
economy is where our country should focus in order to advance in the right direction
toward the prospect of eventual prosperity.
I anticipate our country will be conflicted in its aspirations having a parliament
that represents many smaller parties, some democratic, some Islamist, some militarist.
We will have to work carefully to ensure that inner turmoil mixed with the demands of a
global economy does not create further dissonance.
Because it is impossible for a country that engages in free trade to exist outside of
the mandate of the global market, this will be a challenge. We will have to reexamine our
purpose after the start of the simulation, analyze the demands other countries place on us
and then plan the best course of action.
As CFO of Indonesia I am willing to propose a foreign policy of isolation if outer
conflict in religion, economy, doctrine, etc. troubles our own prosperity too much. A
country that has too much civil discord within its own borders needs time to itself to heal.
Our NGOs are Red Cross and other charitable organizations focused on national
prosperity.
Overall we will have to take in stride the sanctions placed on us for our
autonomous actions, and anticipate and respond to the foreign aid provided to us.
Isolation should be considered as a more drastic measure, it may have more repercussions
from other countries than we are able to anticipate. Our main goal will be to perpetuate
national harmony.
Press Release:
Indonesian Foreign Policy
C. Despite my apprehension about an open trade policy, my political comrades
and CEO have made it clear that development and increased trade in an attempt to
increase Indonesia’s economy is a priority. Concepts of neo-liberalism, though unsaid
and perhaps unintended are ever present, and regardless of whether it is defeatist’s futility
or a desire to break off a slice of the pie before it’s too late (although it is probably
already), Indonesia will first and foremost establish its place as a participant in the global
economy.
With this in mind it is my intention to monitor all contracts made with other
governments and any actions that might be perceived as hostile or domineering,
threatening our autonomy as a nation or inhibiting our ability to govern sovereignly. Our
CBO and CTO plan to pursue international corporations and present Indonesia as an
attractive site for industrial and technological development. I am concerned about the
relative inability of our provincial authority to monitor labor practices and various
environmental organizations as they may be easy violated.
Our two CSOs (NGOs) are Red Cross and an environmental organization. These
organizations share my concerns for labor and environmental practices and could serve as
a figurative and literal militia should things get out of hand. My last desire is to create
non-unity in our political system, but a good dose of political unrest can be very
conducive to necessary change.
Our last and most valuable asset to foreign nations is our oil reserves. While the
hasty drilling and selling of this oil may boost our economy exponentially, it will
certainly be a premature and short-lived prosperity. Rather, I believe it important to guard
our oil reserves, they can be used wisely as a powerful bargaining chip in the face of
financial sanctions from prosperous countries such as the US and also organizations such
as IMF and WorldBank that may exist.
Indonesia does not have a strong military presence in the world, and as such we
cannot assert ourselves capably through force. Moreover, we are not in the best graces of
the UN and US both for our support of Pakistan in 1965 and also for our non-acceptance
of East Timor as a sovereign state. Inconsequentially, we have no desire to assert
ourselves in doctrine either political or religious having undergone a political revolution
less than a decade ago (Islam has never been central to our politics regardless). Our
CMO’s chief concern is monitoring the terrorist population in Indonesia. Being a country
of culturally separate and scattered islands, it is difficult for us to monitor accurately all
activity inside our borders. I fully support the CMO is his efforts as remaining neutral,
not possessing any threat, is key to our prosperity.