Novak, Miller, Phan, Higgins, Snyder, Undercuffler
Chapter 17-Speedboat to Polynesia
Archaeological evidence
Taiwan:
- Polish stone tools
- Distinctive pottery
- Remains of rice & millet --> Agricultural evidence.
- Canoe, stone nets, shells, fish bone --> Water craft & deep sea fishing evidence.
Java Homo erectus fossils--> prove humans occupied western Indonesia
- Time = tropic adaptations = dark skin, Indonesians + Filipinos= light skins.
Watercraft advances - Outriggers Vs. Dugout Canoes.
=Major advance
-Prevalent over traditional people living on inland waterways.
-Dugout canoes = Unbalanced weight distribution.
Solution to avoid unbalanced weight distribution:
=Outriggers----> triggered Austronesian expansion from mainland China.
Archaeological Vs Linguistic
- Colonization of Taiwan.
1.) Assume that the Malay peninsula was colonize first, but it was colonize last.
- Language differentiation
- Order of colonization
South China Coast
Taiwan
Philippines
Indonesia
Malay Peninsula

2). Cultural baggage
- Archeology provides direct evidence of culture examples: (pottery, pig & fish bones)
- Solution: Reconstruct vocabulary of vanished ancient languages by comparing vocab of modern language derived from them. (protolanguages)
- “Gun”---Root word never existed. Indo-European language had to invent their own.
Cultural Package
- Pottery
- Stone tools
- Domesticates.
Outcome of the Austronesian expansion in the New Guinea region
Opposite to that in Indonesia and the Philippines
-Why the opposite outcomes?
Differing cultural circumstances of Indonesia’s and new guineas indigenous populations.
-Austronesian had fewer advantages in competing with those established New Guinean populations
-Variable outcomes of the Austronesian expansion illustrate the role of food productions in human population movements
-Residents of Indonesia were still hunter gatherers while residents of the New Guinea were already food producers
-They had dense populations, were disease resistance and had more advanced technology