Shallonge: Namor Fact Sheet
Greek Architecture:
Neolithic



The first inhabitants of the Greek peninsula, who are believed to be Neolithic, built very
primitive and basic structures
circular, oval, apsidal, or rectangular shape where usually the shapes of the houses
They used mud bricks and stones in the mud with reeds or brush to help build houses
Minoan
 Minoan architects mostly had residential
 Houses had many rooms
 Greatest feature of these houses where there size
Classical Greece
 Columns where first created in this era
 All architecture had wooden base then covered with stone
 Designs where cut into the stone to make them look artistic
 The Parthenon was one of the greatest Greek Buildings
 Greek buildings where made for devotion for their gods and to intimidate or to show off
to other cities
By: Jibran Waheed
Roman Architecture: Sam Harmon
 2 most famous Roman buildings: Pantheon, Colosseum.
 The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre)
 Built 80 CE
 Purpose: entertainment, social gatherings, much like a Leaf Game to Torontonians

facade was limestone, brick & concrete with marble facing; 3 orders superimposed

barrel vaults radiate from eliptical center, weight carried on travertine piers & vaults, marble
only lower tiers, wood higher up

Pantheon

The only remaining Roman temple that is worthy of being studied and shows promising
evidence of gain in historical knowledge

Fully built by 126 CE

Inner room is roofed by a large, circular dome, one of the strongest shapes on earth

General Roman Architecture

Built large columns with detailed graphics and scultures carved in to them

Materials used were regularly brick, bronze, limestone, marble and concrete

The more brilliant buildings were built as religious temples, homes for royalty, entertainment
and social gatherings (public baths, public washrooms)
Government Structure and men:
-Individuals who were involved in politics were often religious leaders too which would influence
the way religion was handled in the state
- Greece believed in a democratic society, which in turn allowed all citizens the right to speak and
vote on issues as well as run for office. However citizens included males who were of a certain
age and whose parents were born in the country.
- Husbands did not seek their wives for friendship or personal fulfillment- they visited prostitute
houses or their male companions for that.
Unequal distribution of rights based on class
Women’s Roles:
- Held virtually no political status, and their position in society was only in the home
-sheltered lives – rarely left the house
-Married young (13 or 14) to older men, and have a kid, most preferably a boy. Those who gave
birth to a boy would hold a higher position in society
- written in the law that men were superior to women
- significant contribution to religion as responsible for significant festivals and rituals
- Women “rather be seen than heard.”(Kerrigan, 69)
Children:
-Girls were taken from parents and faced merciless exercising such as running and interaction
with boys
-Boys were taken to be disciplines in military and encouraged to treat others harshly
-They had little knowledge about individuality and personal liberty
Slaves:
- high number of slaves – ratio of free men to slaves was very high
- slaves included foreigners and those captured in war
- not a crime to beat your slaves – slaves treated harshly
Kerrigan, Michael. Ancient Greece and the Mediterranean. BBC Worldwide Ltd:
London, 2001.
By Sonal B. and Heba
Social Structure/Class Structure
Rome
-
Social standings changed with wealth
Government Members included King/Emperor, senators, magistrates
Patricians were the wealthiest member of society
o Controlled most of the wealth, trade, power, military, were elected to office
- Plebeians were poor and made up the majority of the population
o Farmers, labourers, craftsmen worked for patricians
o No access to formal education, had a voice in government
- Slaves
o
o
o
-
Trained as gladiators, powered machinery, educated for dictation, teaching youth,
grooming hair, executioners, clear corpses out of Colosseum, expected to fulfill
sexual desires
Could be expected to fulfill sexual desires
Manumission (release from servitude) was sometimes given if freedom was
bought or they were released according to deceased owner’s will
Women
o Duty to bear children
o Able to leave house to shop, attend dinner, own property, engage in business
By: Andrea
Anciet Rome Economy- Greek city states were well established as commercial centres, and had founded trading
colonies in many other lands, including italy along, with goods they brang in cultural influence of the whole ancient
world, a world in which rome was now ready to do business with.
-roman roads-they were a link to trade. trade and agricultural production remained for the part, local matters )
-they city of carthage was in what it is now, tunisia, had for some time regarded the western mediterranean as it private
trading lake, backing up its commerical claims with a formidable fleet, well equipped for warfare
Ancient Greece Economy-Classical Athens was not museum of culture, but rather a booming commercial city its
merchants a industrialist exam but as intrepid as it architects and artist
-to enforce trading standards, discourage thieves and swindlers and prevent squabbles from breaking out over pitch,
permanent staffs of agoranomos was employed
-thrived in Athens during the 4th century as well
-commerce was so vital to the Greek’s developing economy that btw 800 –600 BC many of them moved aboard setting
up cities in trading territories overseas.
-no mere trading posts, but stable citites,
-from Black Sea, North Africa and Italy, to the coasts of France and Spain, such colonies brought the known world into
commercial and cultural contact with Greece
-trading colonies Naples, Syracuse, and Massilia
By: Sonal S.
Ancient Roman Economy
The Roman economy never developed into anything terribly complex compared to
modern economies. Ancient Rome was an agrarian and slave based economy whose
main concern was feeding the vast number of citizens and legionaries who
populated the Mediterranean region. Agriculture and trade dominated Roman
economic fortunes, only supplemented by small scale industrial production.
Farmers could donate surplus crops to the government in lieu of a monetary tax.
This system allowed both Republican and Imperial rulers to gain popularity with
the masses through free grain distribution and also help to feed the legions at
no direct monetary cost.
While the production and transportation of foods
dominated the trading industry, there was also a vast exchange of other goods
from all parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The importance of industry and
manufacturing was comparatively light to that of agriculture. The growth and
influence of the Empire can not be underestimated, however.
Greek Economy
The Greek economy was based on the land use. Mostly mountains covered the land
which was not fertile for farming. Crops were mainly grapes and olives.
Animals grazed on the slopes: sheeps, goats for meat, cheese, wool, and milk.
Mediterranean Sea was most important resource for trade, food and expansion.
Also important was the coin business which started in Athens. Farming is the
main economic activity citizens owned enough land just for their family, while
others owned estates and had slaves. As well their were tenant farmers who
leased lots from owners and pay by giving the owner part of the crops. The
government needed rich families to sponsor festivals and the building of the
boats to trade.