Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
The History of the Family of Tong Jung
Compiled by Him Mark Lai from information provided by Horatio, Sr. and Laura and other
members of the Jung family and their relatives.
The history is a story of how members of the Jung (Cheung, Jeung) family with humble
beginnings in rural South China emigrated abroad, overcame difficulties, and established homes
for themselves and their descendants.
The Chinese surname of the family is Cheung (Jeung) 張, one of the three most
numerous surnames in China.1 The lineage can only be traced as far as Cheung (Jeung) Soong
Naam 張崧南2 (known as Ancestor Soong Naam 崧南公), the great grandfather of Horatio Jung,
Sr. Cheung (Jeung). Soong Naam lived during the Qing 清 dynasty in Ah Gong 鴉崗 (crow hill)
Village located in the southeastern part of Saam Heung 三鄉 (three villages) Township3 in the
southern part of Zhongshan 中山. An inter-village feud erupted during which the villages of Ping
Laam 平嵐 and Woo Seik 烏石 in Saam Heung Township combined forces to attack Ah Gong
Village. The numerically inferior Ah Gong villagers were defeated, after which Cheung (Jeung)
Soong Naam decided to move and established Bo Tsai (pronounce Boo Tsai 埔仔 by villagers;
population 78 in 1980s),4 a small village in a poor hilly area in the northwestern part of the
present Zhuhai 珠海. Many from the Saam Heung region eventually moved to this area, for the
villages of Boo Tsai, Wong Ning Tong 黃寧塘, and Lo Mei Shan 老尾山 in the region became
known as the "Little Saam Heung."
Connections to Peru and America
Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam was alleged to be an opium addict. He had five sons all
with the generational identifier Baak 伯 (homonym of Bai 百). The oldest son Cheung (Jeung)
Baak Yin 張伯延 (known to Horatio Jung, Sr. as Dai Baak Goong 大伯公 or First Grand Uncle)
immigrated to Peru. When he became established he helped his brothers to immigrate.
However, only the third son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Wing 張伯榮 and fifth son Cheung (Jeung)
Baak Cheung 張伯昌 went to Peru, as the fourth son died in Hong Kong before he could embark.
The second son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing 張伯慶 (Horatio Jung, Sr.'s grandfather)
remained in the village. He married Tong Shee 唐氏 from Gai Paak 雞柏 (village name changed
officially to Gai Saan 雞山 after 1949; population about 500 in 1980s), a village about 4.5 miles
south of Boo Tsai. Tong Shee gave birth to two daughters--Cheung (Jeung) Yee 張意 and
Cheung (Jeung) Gaan 張間, before giving birth to their first son Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai 張棠
惠 (the father of Horatio Jung, Sr.) on September 4, 1897. The couple also had a younger son
who was killed by bandits around the age of eighteen.
After the death of his youngest son, Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing sought a safer place to
live and moved to Tong Gaa 唐家, a large village (population 5,177 in 1980s) about 2.5 miles
east southeast of Boo Tsai near the coast; however, he still retained title to his house in Boo
Tsai that later was inherited by his son. He found work with wealthy landowner Tong Soey Jee
唐瑞芝,5 who was favorably impressed with his trustworthiness and honesty and rented him 80
mu of rice fields to cultivate.
Cheung (Jeung) Baak Yin had intended to take Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing's son
Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai (Horatio Jung, Sr.'s father) to Peru. Thus Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai
left the village for Hong Kong when he was 16 or 17 years old to prepare for the voyage;
however, Cheung (Jeung) Baak Yin became ill and passed away in Hong Kong before he could
1
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
implement his plan. Faced with the need to support himself, Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai signed
on as a seaman on ships sailing to Siam while looking for another opportunity to go abroad.
Chun Haam 陳涵, comprador at the "Blue Funnel" Steamship Line, took a liking to the
hardworking and clean-living Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai and took him on as his god-son. It so
happened that Tong Jung met with an accident and broke his leg. While he was convalescing in
Hong Kong, his brother-in-law Tong Yee Kun 唐貽勤 found that Jung Chong 鄭昌, a Chinese
from America, had a U.S. citizen slot for sale.
Jung Chong was the paper name of Look Duck Boon 陸德本, aka Look Lai 陸禮 from
Gum Jook Mei 金竹尾, a small village (population 64 in 1980s) in northwest Zhuhai about 2.5
miles northwest of Boo Tsai. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), however,
alleged that he was a native of Yeung Chun Po 楊春埔, a small village (population 87 in the
1980s) a short distance to the west of Gum Jook Mei.6 Look had probably claimed US birth and
assumed the name Jung Chong after birth records in San Francisco had been destroyed during
the 1906 earthquake and fire. Although he was said to be a bachelor all his life, Jung Chong
had reported the birth of four sons to immigration officers after his return from trips to China.
Thus, Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai sailed on the S. S. Golden State and was landed in
San Francisco on October 25, 1921 as Jung Tong 鄭桐 (better known as Tong Jung in America),
second son of Jung Chong. He was 25 years old at the time. As for the rest of the slots, Wong
Fai 黃輝 became the oldest son Jung Fai 鄭輝, and Wong San 黃琁 became Jung San 鄭琁, the
third son. The fourth slot was never used.
Separate Lives
For a short period after he entered the US, Tong Jung harvested asparagus in the fields
near Isleton. He told his children long afterwards that the cutting of the vegetables close to the
ground was very hard on the back. Soon afterward he found employment as a family cook. The
wages were low, but Tong Jung was a thrifty, hardworking young man who stayed away from
tobacco, liquor, and gambling. Moreover, he lived at his place of work. Thus, by 1927 he was
able to save enough to return to China to marry Chuck Yook King 卓玉瓊 on June 15, 1927. She
was from Gwoon Tong 官塘, a large village (population 2,500 in 1980s) in northwestern Zhuhai
about three miles west northwest of Tong Gaa. She together with her older sister 鏞好 had
spent several years in the Cantonese community in Shanghai.
After the wedding Tong Jung changed his Chinese name to Cheung (Jeung) Jee Ping 張
智平.7 At the same time he also began building a two-storied concrete house in the Yut Bo 一堡
Section of Tong Gaa Village. At the time there were few two-storied buildings in the village and
Tong Jung's neighbors complained that the second story of the new building was blocking their
feng-shui 風水. However, Tong Jung was able to get the influential Tong Siu Yee 唐紹儀8 to
mediate and dissuaded the neighbors from demolishing the second story.
In January 10, 1929, Tong Jung's first-born Chung Ming 頌明 ("eulogy to brightness")
(Horatio, Sr.) came into this world in the new house, after which Tong Jung returned to the U.S.
However, in order to create an additional slot, Tong Jung changed Chung Ming's (Horatio, Sr.)
birthday to February 6 (5th day of the 1st moon), 1928 and then reported the birth of a fictitious
second son on February 22 (2nd day of the 2nd moon), 1929.
Tong Jung returned to China again in 1932 and a daughter was born on January 7 (12th
day of the 12th moon), 1933. Tong Jung's mother called her Gum Ying 金英 ("golden flower");
Chuck Yook King named her Pui Ying 佩英 ("ornamental flower"), and Tong Jung gave her the
name Yook Ying 玉英 ("jade flower"). As a child she answered to all three names, but as she
2
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
grew older the name her father bestowed upon her became the preferred one. The year 1933
was during the depths of the Great Depression, but the thrifty Tong Jung was able to have
enough savings to purchase a three-story building in Hong Kong on Fook Wing Street 福榮街
for HK $8,000. Tong Jung then departed and arrived in San Francisco on the S. S. President
Coolidge on May 15 1933. Departing from the practice of many returning immigrants, he
reported the birth of his daughter rather than substituting a son in her slot.
Tong Jung periodically remitted money from America for family support through Cheung
Shing Tat 張成達, a distant relative working at Hong Kong's The Sun 大新 department store.
Tong Jung’s thrifty wife living in the village handled the family finances and was able to save
enough to purchase over a period of time 40 mu of rice fields. Her capable management of the
family's finances enabled them to live under fairly comfortable circumstances. The household
included Tong Jung's mother, wife, two children as well as two mui-tsai9 妹仔 -- Shun Ho 順好,
who left the family soon after the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War, and Lin Ho 蓮好, who left
soon after the end of World War II.
A few years afterward, the Sino-Japanese War erupted in July 1937. The Japanese
captured Guangzhou in October 1938. Tong Jung's wife scraped up what money she had and
sent Chung Ming (Horatio, Sr.) to Hong Kong, where he lived with Fifth Grand Uncle at Cheung
Sha Wan Road 長沙環道 in Sham Shui Po 深水埗, Kowloon. After her mother-in-law passed
away, Chuck Yook King with daughter Yook Ying (Laura) also left the village for Hong Kong in
summer 1939. The family then moved to Tong Jung's property at Fook Wing Street. Fifth Grand
Uncle and his family also moved in.
Chung Ming (Horatio, Sr.) and Yook Ying (Laura) attended Kowloon Tong Primary
School 九龍塘小學 for about a year. Their education was interrupted when the Japanese
attacked and captured Hong Kong in December 1941 after they had wiped out most of
America's Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
The family then returned to Tong Gaa, which had in the meantime been occupied by the
Japanese since February 1940. The family managed to survive with rent collected from the rice
fields that Chuck Yook King had previously purchased. The family also maintained a stall
opposite the front of the house peddling fruits, candies and cigarettes to help with the family
income, although it also served the purpose of diverting envious eyes away from the family's
comparatively comfortable circumstances. Tong Jung's wife also was able to dole out
assistance to the families of her brother and widowed older sister as well as to the family of
Tong Jung's older sister during the war years. The children continued their interrupted education
and attended classes taught by Leung Mun Wong 梁文旺 (Ben Jung’s older brother) in one of
the village's ancestral temples. They sometimes were picked upon by classmates since the
family belonged to the small minority with other surnames in a village where most of the
population belonged to either the Tong or Leung clans. During these years Yook Ying was a
sickly child and missed many classes. At other times she would cut classes to dig for oysters at
the water's edge with the family's mui tsai.
Across the Pacific Tong Jung and two partners had opened Tong's Inn Restaurant 唐園
in Tracy, California, during World War II. Business was excellent during the prosperity brought
on by the war. It also enabled his nephews Tommy and Yet Tong and niece Kay Tong, who had
immigrated into the US, to have part time jobs at the restaurant while they attended school.
However, the work was hard and hours long. That plus anxiety over his family stranded in China
caused Tong Jung to suffer from insomnia for a lengthy period, which seriously undermined his
health.
Broken Dreams
3
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
After the war ended, Chuck Yook King sent her son Cheung (Jeung) Chung Ming
(Horatio, Sr.) to Hong Kong in October 1945 to avoid the chaos of the Chinese civil war. She
and Yook Ying (Laura) followed in the summer of 1946. The family lived at Fook Wing Street,
Sham Shui Po in Kowloon in the house purchased with money remitted by Tong Jung. Fifth
Grand Uncle and his family also lived in the same house. The children continued their schooling
at Kowloon Tong School, where they maintained excellent scholastic records.
Tong Jung was soon reunited with the family. He had sold Tong's Inn soon after the war
ended and hastened to depart on the S.S. Marine Adder on Dec. 23, 1946 to Hong Kong. This
was the first time that Cheung (Jeung) Yook Ying (Laura) met her father. Another son William
Kwok Yin Jung 張國賢 was born on December 6 (24th day of the 10th moon), 1947 during Tong
Jung's sojourn in Hong Kong. The youngest son Albert Kwok Sin Jung 張國善, however, was
born on July 4, 1949 after Tong Jung had left for America on the S.S. President Wilson and
arrived at San Francisco on May 14, 1949.
In 1947 as the political situation in China was deteriorating rapidly, Tong Jung had
purchased at low prices a four-storied building at 40 Sin Kee East Street 冼基東街 in the central
part and the Oi Wah [love China] Confectionary Plant 愛華餅乾厰 on Kong Yat [resist Japan]
West Road 抗日西路 in the Sai Gwan [west gate] 西關 district in the western part of Guangzhou.
Jung Wai Lo 鄭惠羅, husband of 陳淑珍, daughter of Tong Jung's godfather Chun Haam, and a
Chinese who had lived in the Philippines, became the manager of the plant. Tong Jung had
deep feelings for his native land and his investments were intended for his retirement in China
and an inheritance for his children.
Tong Jung also began the process of filing documents for his two older children to
emigrate to America to experience life and society in preparation for adulthood. At that time he
had intended for them to return to Hong Kong after five years to help manage his businesses
and investments. He also filled the slot that he had created with Horatio Jung, Sr.'s second
cousin, Leung Mun Ping 梁文平, who now became Bing Wing Jung 鄭炳榮 (later he took the
name Bennett Jung in America), "second son" of Tong Jung. In preparation for their lives in
America, Chung Ming chose the western name Horatio and Yook Ying the name Laura. Horatio
and Laura also changed their family name in the records of Kowloon Tong School from Cheung
(Jeung) 張 to Jung 鄭, which must have seemed strange to their classmates.
During this period there was a great demand for the limited number of immigration visas
to America available to Chinese. Tong Jung had to resort to bribery through intermediaries to
facilitate the paperwork. In late September 1949 the trio boarded the S.S. President Wilson and
embarked on the voyage that would determine their future. They booked passage in the special
third class section for $350 each and survived seasickness during the 18-day voyage to arrive in
San Francisco in early October. They were detained for a week awaiting interrogation by INS
officials. During that period the victorious Communist armies entered Guangzhou. All three of
the Jung’s were officially admitted to the US on October 14, 1949. They were among the 240
Chinese who were children of US citizens admitted to the US in 1949. Chuck Yook King,
together with infant sons William and Albert, finally arrived in America in September 1952, and
for the first time, Tong Jung enjoyed normal family life in America.
Political changes in China upset Tong Jung's plans for retirement. During the early
1950s Tong Jung's rice fields at Tong Gaa were confiscated during the land reform although title
to the houses in Boo Tsai and Tong Gaa remained his. During the late 1950s the Confectionary
Plant in Guangzhou was merged with other plants to form the South China Confectionary Plant
華南餅乾厰. Although dividends continued to be paid on the business and rent collected on the
house in Guangzhou, the money could not be remitted out of China.
4
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
Tong Jung started from scratch to prepare for his retirement. He was a shrewd
businessman and in little more than a decade his investment in Hong Kong utility stocks had
built up a substantial portfolio. He also purchased a hotel on Broadway for $70,000 in 1959 that
was sold in 1961 to purchase the apartment building at 1754 Stockton Street.
Readjustment of Citizenship Status
During the 1950s the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) had been
investigating and prosecuting Chinese immigration fraud. By the end of the decade it began to
move against the Jung family in earnest. In 1959 a car containing Laura, her husband and
friends were flagged down by INS officials soon after they had reentered the US on a visit to
Vancouver, Canada, to establish the fact that she had left the country. In 1961 an immigration
inspector visited Fai Jung, Tong Jung's paper brother, telling him to confess his fraudulent
status, and that Tong Jung had already confessed. The frightened Wong broke down and
signed a confession, after which he phoned the Jung family. Since Tong Jung had not
confessed, he decided to depart for Hong Kong in order to protect the citizenship status of his
children. He purchased an apartment at Flat A, Ninth Floor, Lake Side Building 湖邊大廈,
Causeway Bay 銅鑼灣, Victoria, in preparation for his retirement. However, he could not obtain
permanent residence in Hong Kong and temporarily had to live in Macao with the family of Fifth
Grand Uncle's daughter Gum Yook 金玉 and her husband Siu Duck Sung 蕭德生, and commute
to Hong Kong weekly. Fifth Grand Uncle and his family and Tong Jung's god-sister and her
family were invited to share the Hong Kong apartment.
In the meantime the health of Tong Jung's wife had been deteriorating. Her diabetic
condition caused her to be partially blind. She alarmed the family by going into diabetic shock a
couple of times. She became bedridden with "cardiac decompensation, pleural effusion, uremia,
and severe anorexia and vomiting."10 The concerned family made plans for her to be escorted to
Hong Kong to be reunited with her husband. Due to the fact that the citizenship status of the
immediate family members were now in doubt, the only one whose citizenship status was
unquestionable and could escort her to Hong Kong was Laura's husband, Him Mark Lai, who
was born in the US. Plans were finalized to leave by Pan-American Airlines on January 20,
1962. But on January 19, the District Director of the INS at San Francisco issued a “Notice of
Temporary Prevention of Departure” against her because she was considered to be "a material
witness in investigations relating to Jung Tong, Jung San, and Jane Jung being conducted by
the INS and the Department of State, Office of Security."11
Ernest Besig of the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California was enlisted by
the family to fight the order. After several months of legal maneuvers, a recommendation of the
INS Special Inquiry Officer on August 10, 1962 that the temporary order be made final was
withdrawn by the INS District Director on the grounds that the INS "no longer requires the
presence of Chuck Yook King in the United States."
Him Mark finally departed with his mother-in-law in October 1962, stopping overnight in
Honolulu and in Tokyo before arriving in Hong Kong. After resting briefly at the apartment
Lakeside Building, where the family of Jung Wai Lo as well as Fifth Grand Uncle were living,
she was reunited with Tong Jung in Macao. She passed away shortly afterward on January 30,
1963 and was cremated. Shortly afterward Tong Jung, who had liver cancer, wished to see the
family again and negotiated with the INS through an attorney for his safe entry into the US.
Tong Jung arrived on March 29, 1963 and was admitted to Chinese Hospital upon
disembarking from the plane. He passed away on April 5, 1963 and was buried at the Chinese
Look Shan Cemetery at Colma on April 21, 1963. Yook King Chuck's ashes were sent back
from Hong Kong in the 1990s and buried beside Tong Jung's grave.
5
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
On March 25, 1963 before Tong Jung departed for the US, he married Lee Shui Fong 李
瑞芳 in St. Teresa's Church at 258 Prince Edward Road, Kowloon.12 Lee was a former teacher
in Macao, who Gum Yook had known since 1955 and had introduced to Tong Jung.13 Tong
Jung's intentions were eventually to have her immigrate to the US to be stepmother to his
younger children, then still teen-agers. However, since Tong Jung's citizenship status was being
questioned, Lee Shui Fong could not immigrate to the US as the spouse of a citizen. Horatio, Sr.
let her have the title to the apartment at Lakeside Building, where she was living. She was
joined by her nephews Lee Yu Hing 李譽興 and Lee Yu Lau 李譽鎏 .
Tong Jung’s questionable citizenship status plagued the family in America through the
1970s. Ernest Besig introduced Horatio and Laura to civil rights attorney Wayne Collins to
handle their immigration cases. Laura regained her permanent resident status in 1970 and her
citizenship in 1974. A different section of the immigration and naturalization law applied to
Horatio, Sr. and it took him until 1982 to receive his permanent residence and February 20,
1985 to regain his citizenship. His wife Jane, however, regained her permanent residency much
earlier in 1971 and citizenship on April 9, 1974. Albert received his permanent residence status
in 1972 and citizenship in 1978. The loss of citizenship status affected the cost of education for
William and Albert since without legal residency they had to pay the same college tuition as
foreign students. They were not alone in having immigration status problems, for during this
same period, many fellow villagers of Tong Jung and Horatio also had their citizenship status
readjusted, including Horatio's wife Jane and her brothers who were born in China, Horatio's
paper brother Bennett, as well as his older brother Kenneth Tong, and Horatio's first cousins,
Tommy, Kay and Yet Tong.
A final settlement of Tong Jung's properties did not come until the 1990s. Lee Shui Fong
suffered a stroke in 1985 and passed away in 1987. After her death her nephew Yu Hing gave
the title of the Lakeside Building apartment back to Horatio, Sr., who then sold the apartment to
Hing. Horatio also was able to recover Tong Jung's Hong Kong stock portfolio. During the late
1980s and early 1990s, through the help of Gwok Bing Sum 郭炳深, his maternal aunt's son
who was working in the Real Properties Department 房管局 in Guangzhou's Xiguan 西關 District,
Horatio, Sr., regained title to the property on Sin Kee East Street, which had been occupied by
squatters during the Cultural Revolution; however, there was little he could do with the building
since it was in an advanced state of disrepair and could be condemned as structurally unsound.
As for the confectionary factory, it was demolished and another building built on the site. Horatio,
Sr., regained his right to usage of the site. Soon afterward the government took the site by
eminent domain to build a station for the new Guangzhou subway. Monetary remuneration or a
site in Fong Chuen 芳村 across the Pearl River was offered. Horatio, Sr. accepted the money,
the bulk of which was deposited in the bank since only limited sums can be taken out of China.
Some of this money had been used by Jung family members visiting China.
Establishing Families in America
After Horatio and Laura landed in 1949, they lived in two rooms at $15 per month on the
fifth floor of Dai Gei Ok 大畿屋 at 874 Sacramento Street on the northeast corner of Sacramento
and Stockton streets. They rented the rooms from Kenneth Tong 唐社權 (aka Leung Yau Gun
梁有根) who had rented the entire fifth floor. He was their second cousin and the older brother of
Bing Wing Jung, Tong Jung’s “second son.” The rooms had neither hot water nor bathrooms
At the time Horatio was 20 and began attending Continuation School and also worked as
assistant to his father at the Lodge, a boarding house at Octavia and Sutter streets in San
Francisco. Soon after his arrival, he began dating regularly Tong Gum Tsoey 唐金敍 (aka Tong
Gim Ming 唐劍明 and Jane Yow), a beauty known in the village as the "Queen of Gai Paak" 雞
6
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
柏皇后 and whom Horatio had previously known in visits to Gai Paak Village. Her father also
was one of the few Chinese immigrants to have reported the birth of a daughter, thus enabling
her to immigrate to America.
Horatio, Sr. and Jane married in 1952. Horatio, Sr. did not follow the Chinese custom of
changing to a marriage name with a generational identifier but instead kept using the name he
was given at birth. The newly-weds moved to a small apartment on Clay Street behind the Hung
Kee store, the proprietor of whom was a fellow villager from Gai Paak. Six months later, in
preparation for the arrival of Horatio's mother and his two younger brothers, they moved to a flat
on Montgomery Street between Vallejo and Green streets. Horatio began working at the U.S.
Post Office while Jane continued her work in a garment factory. The Korean War was going on
at the time, but Horatio, Sr. escaped being inducted into the armed forces due to the timely
arrival of his first-borns. The birth of the sibling twins made the local newspapers due to the fact
that they were the earliest babies born during Chinese New year. Horatio K. Jung, aka Cheung
(Jeung) Yook Geen 張育堅 ("nurtured firmness"), was born February 13, 1953 just before
midnight brought in the new year, while Horace G. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Gai 張育佳
("nurtured excellence"), came on February 14, 1953, just after midnight.
In 1955 Tong Jung and Horatio, Sr.'s families moved to 357 Union Street. Horatio, Sr.
had another son Eugene V. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Kei 張育奇 ("nurtured eminence"),
on April 9, 1957. In 1959 Horatio sold the house on Union Street to Laura and her husband and
moved together with his parents' family to a property he purchased on Water Street. Soon
afterward, he moved to the hotel Tong Jung had bought on Broadway Street.
Later, when Tong Jung left for Hong Kong, Horatio moved to the apartment on Stockton
Street. In the meantime, due to his citizenship status being questionable, Horatio, Sr. quit his
position at the U.S. Postal Service after working 5-1/2 years and found employment as a
caretaker at Park Merced in 1956, where a number of Gai Paak fellow villagers were employed.
After a year he became foreman due to his fluency in English and gregarious personality. Five
years afterward he became supervisor, and one year later he was promoted to inspector. In
February 1970 he was hired by Natoma Oil Company as custodian and stayed with the
company until his retirement on September 30, 1992.
When Tong Jung left for Hong Kong and Chuck Yook King became bedridden. Horatio,
Sr. and Jane became the heads of the family that included Horatio's two younger brothers,
William Kwok Yin and Albert Kwok Sin Jung as well as the couple's three children, Horatio K.,
Horace G., and Eugene V. Jung. The ages of the younger sons of Tong Jung were only a few
years greater than Horatio's own children and their relationship was more like siblings than that
between uncles and nephews. Horatio and Jane took care of them as if they were their own
children.
In 1941 Tong Jung was one of 53 individuals who founded Jop Khan Association 集群社
as a social place for people from his native Seung Goong Seung Du 上恭常都. In 1952 he was
one of the members who contributed funds to purchase the association's headquarters building
at 243 Joice Street. He also was an active supporter of the Jop Sen Association 集善堂 that was
in charge of the cemetery and other benevolent activities for fellow villagers from that region in
China. Due to the fact that many of the immigrants came from Gai Paak Village and so did Tong
Jung's mother, many members of the Jop Khan Association addressed him affectionately and
respectfully as kau fu 舅父 (maternal uncle). As Tong Jung approached retirement age, Horatio,
Sr. played a more active and prominent role in the fellow villagers organizations. He has served
as board member and officer in the Jop Sen Association, board member of the Chinese
Cemetery Association 六山管理處, and board member of Yeong Wo Benevolent Association 陽
7
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
和會館. Although he never joined Jop Khan Association, the bulk of his social activities revolved
around the association and up to mid-2007 he spent most of his weekends there, socializing
and playing mahjongg with fellow villagers and friends. However, since then the weekend
gatherings have been suspended indefinitely as age, sickness, and death decimated the ranks
of frequent visitors to the Jop Khan Association headquarters.
After Laura 張玉英 landed in America, she worked for a time at the Lodge, but at other
times she had part-time jobs as a domestic in private residences. She first enrolled in
Washington Irving Elementary School, but because she was already 16 years old, she was
soon promoted to Galileo High School. She became active in a Chinatown youth club, Mun
Ching 民青, and was active in vernacular dramas and choral singing. There she also met Him
Mark Lai 麥禮謙, a native San Franciscan of Nanhai, Guangdong ancestry, whom she married
after she graduated from high school in 1953. They are childless.
After marriage Laura worked as a clerk in the Union Oil Company. She joined Pacific
Gas and Electric Company as a key punch operator in 1957 and then Pacific Gas Transmission
Corporation as a computer and data recorder operator. Laura retired from Pacific Gas
Transmission in 1995, when the company moved to Oregon. Him Mark and she are active in the
Chinese Historical Society of America and the Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco. To
date, she is also a frequent visitor to Jop Khan Association on Saturdays.
As a child William 張國賢 was hyper-active and got into a lot of mischief. As he grew
older, he became active in Cameron House. The experience channeled his energy into
constructive channels when he reached the late teens. William attended Garfield Elementary
School and Francisco Junior High School. He graduated from Galileo High School in 1965. He
then matriculated at San Jose State College and Hastings Law School. William was in the army
from 1970 to 1973 as a law clerk and was the first of the Jung family to regain his U.S.
citizenship.
After his discharge from the army, William worked in the US Postal Service. In 1976 he
went with a group led by his brother-in-law Him Mark Lai to visit China. In 1977 he became a
transit operator at San Francisco's Municipal Railway. He soon became variously a labor
representative, recording secretary, financial secretary, treasurer, and executive vice president
of the Transport Workers Union Local 250 and staff representative and secretary of the
Transport Workers Union California State Conference, the political arm of the union. William
also was an active member of the North Beach and Golden Gate Democratic clubs and United
Way Community Services Committee, first vice-president of the San Francisco chapter, Asian
Pacific American Labor Alliance, and vice president of Jop Sen Association and board of
trustees member of Yeong Wo Benevolent association.
William married Nittaya Ratanahoung, an immigrant from Thailand, in 1983. They have
two children: son Matthew W. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Wah 張育華
("nurtured magnificence"), born February 11, 1988 and daughter Monique N. Jung, aka Cheung
(Jeung) Yook Jun 張育珍 ("nurtured treasure"), born November 9, 1993. William passed away in
the morning of December 14, 1998 at his home due to heart failure. Officers of the union were
pallbearers at the funeral and the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adjourned its regular
meeting of December 21, 1998 out of respect to his memory. The city provided the funeral
entourage with a 17 motorcycle police escort to his final interment at the Chinese Look Shan
Cemetery.
Albert 張國善 graduated from Galileo High School in June 1967 and attended the
University of Florida, where he graduated in 1975 with a B.S. in biology, specializing in the study
of arachnids. He and Bessie Ng 伍彩玉, a native San Franciscan of Taishan, Guangdong
8
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
ancestry, was part of a group organized by brother-in-law Him Mark Lai to visit China in 1976.
They were married that same year after the trip. Albert then opened a dental laboratory. They
have two sons: Jason C. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Sing 張育成 ("nurtured
accomplishment"), born June 3, 1979, and Jonathan R. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung)
Yook Gei 張育基 ("nurtured foundation"), born December 2, 1981.
Horatio K. Jung 張育堅, Horatio's oldest son, graduated from Galileo High School in
1970. He was employed by Holiday Inn as Assistant Controller from 1980 to 1985. Later he
went into business for himself making signs and then was hired by UCSF to manage inventory.
He married Bessie Ng's younger sister Bella, aka Ng Bik Yook 伍碧玉, in 1982. They have two
children, Stephanie Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Haan 張潁嫻 ("outstanding
refinement"), born Oct. 25, 1987, and Kristen L. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing
Yun 張穎茵 ("outstanding tender grass"), born March 18, 1992. Bella passed away at home
from brain cancer on October 31, 2007.
Horace G. Jung 張育佳 graduated from Galileo High School and from the school of
pharmacy at the University of the Pacific. In 1979 he married Marian F. Fungm aka Fung Mei
Ling 馮美玲, a American-born of Heshan, Guangdong ancestry. They have two children:
daughter Courtney J. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Yee 張穎儀 ("outstanding
demeanor"), born April 11, 1985, and son Nicholas G. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Leung
張穎良 (“outstanding goodness"), born June 15, 1989. Horace and Marian divorced in 1995 and
in 2001, Horace married Lisa Chin, an American-born of Taishan, Guangdong ancestry.
Eugene V. Jung 張育奇 graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and
became an accountant. He married Erin Dunn in August 1991 and the couple divorced in 1995.
They were childless.
Relatives of the Jung (Jeung) Family
There are a number of relatives of the Jung family. Some have been mentioned in the
preceding paragraphs when they interfaced with the lives of members of the Jung family.
Following are sketches of some of these relatives using Tong Jung and Horatio Jung, Sr. as the
points of reference:
Horatio Jung's In-Laws
Horatio Jung's wife Jane Yow was the daughter of Jam Yow 游湛, aka Tong Yee Chun
唐貽椿 of Gai Paak, who was a paper son. He was married to Leung Juen Ching 梁鑽清. Jane
Yow was born in the village when her mother returned to China from the U.S. during the 1920s.
Jam Yow also had two sons: Daat Ling Yow, aka Tong Daat Ling 唐達靈, and Edmund Yow,
aka Tong Daat Mun 唐達敏, born in the U.S. Jam Yow also brought over Tong Chiu Mau 唐超謀
as his paper son. He himself entered the US claiming derivative U.S. citizenship and served in
the U.S. Armed Forces during World War I. During the 1960s, INS agents probed into the
citizenship status of the Yow family and Jane's citizenship was stripped in 1966. She regained
citizenship status in 1974.
Daat Ling Yow remained a bachelor. Edmund Yow married and had one son Herman
and two daughters, Annie and Lola, who would be maternal first cousins of the children of
Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie
Jung.
Tong Jung's Siblings, Horatio Jung, Sr.'s First Cousins
9
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
Tong Jung's oldest sister Cheung (Jeung) Yee 張意 became the wife of Ching Foo Yip
程富業 of Tong Gaa. They had two daughters--Ching Gum Jeu 程金珠 and Ching Gum Juen 程
金鑽, and one son Ching Gwoon Gun 程觀根, aka Ching Man Lee 程萬里. They are Horatio,
Sr.'s first cousins (gu biu 姑表).14
Ching Gum Jeu 程金珠 married Leung Duck Hop 梁德合 and had three daughters,
Leung Jee 梁芝, Leung Yoong 梁蓉, and Leung Saam Woon 梁三換 as well as a son Leung
Yeun Chee 梁潤馳. In 1976 Laura, William, and Albert visited Ching Gum Jeu and her family.
They were the first ones in the Jung family to visit Tong Gaa Village since the 1940s. In the
1980s Ching Gum Jeu and her son and two daughters Leung Jee and Leung Saam Woon
moved from Tong Gaa to Hong Kong. Leung Yoong remained in Zhuhai. She is married to
Leung Yiu Ming 梁耀明, who was an engineer and a deputy mayor of Zhuhai Municipality.
Ching Gwoon Gun 程觀根, aka Ching Man Lee 程萬里, and his mother left the village for
Hong Kong in 1957. Ching Gum Juen brought them to America in 1967. Ching Gwoon Gun
married Tong Shee 唐氏, but they separated after they immigrated to the U.S. He remarried Lei
Shee 利鳳仙, an immigrant from Singapore, and had a son Tony Ching, aka Ching Ho Wai 程可
為, and a daughter Michelle Ching, aka Ching Man Lai 程曼麗. Both would be second cousins
of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert
and Bessie Jung.
Cheung (Jeung) Yee's sister Cheung (Jeung) Gaan 張間 married Tong Yee Kun 唐貽勤
of Gai Paak, who was an immigrant to the US. She gave birth to a son Tong Hong Wai 唐康惠,
aka Tommy Tong, daughter Tong Gum Ngor 唐金娥, aka Kay Tong, and another son Tong Yet
唐日. All three immigrated to the US in the late 1930s. They are also Horatio, Sr.'s paternal first
cousins (gu biu 姑表)15.
Cheung (Jeung) Gaan passed away soon after Yet Tong was born. Tong Yee Kun
married Loo Bo Ping 盧寳平 and had two more daughters--Tong Lai Hoong 唐麗紅 and Tong
Sook Yee 唐淑儀, aka Olivia Tong. Olivia Tong and her mother immigrated to the U.S. during
the early 1960s. Her mother returned to live in Gai Shan Village during the 1990s.
Tommy Tong married Sie Yee Ching 佘意清. The couple had one daughter Bonnie Tong,
aka Tong Miu Fong 唐妙芳, and five sons: Keith Tong, aka Tong Joong Kei 唐頌祺; Kenneth
Tong, aka Tong Joong Sing 唐頌誠; Kerry Tong, aka Tong Joong Wing 唐頌榮; Kingston Tong,
aka Tong Joong Wai 唐頌威; and Kolin Tong, aka Tong Joong Nga 唐頌雅. These would be
second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William
and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.
Kay Tong married Rev. Robert Fung 馮肇植 and moved to San Diego. They are
childless.
Yet Tong married Ching Gum Juen 程金鑽, who was his maternal first cousin. The
couple had a daughter Mimi Tong, aka Tong Lai Yee 唐麗兒, and two sons—Herbert Tong, aka
Tong Geen Guong 唐健光, and Stanley Tong, aka Tong Geen Wai 唐健偉. These would be
second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William
and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.
Tong Jung's In-Laws, Horatio Jung's Maternal First Cousins
Chuck Yook King, Tong Jung's wife, had a brother Chuck Gaa Hoong 卓家鴻 (Horatio,
Sr. addressed him as maternal uncle, kau fu 舅父) and a sister (Horatio, Sr. addressed her as
10
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
maternal aunt yee ma 姨媽). Chuck Gaa Hoong had three sons--Chuck Wai Ming 卓偉明, Chuck
Wai Leung 卓偉亮, and Chuck Wai Sang 卓偉生, as well as a daughter, Chuck Wai Ngun 卓偉
銀 by a second marriage. Chuck Wai Leung lived in Gwoon Tong Village, Zhuhai. Chuck Wai
Ming and Wai Sang were both workers in Guangzhou. Chuck Wai Ming had a son and a
daughter and his younger brother Wai Sang had three daughters and a son. These offsprings
would be second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of
William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung. Chuck Wai Ngun is living in Hong Kong.
Chuck Yook King's older sister became a widow at an early age. She had a son Gwok
Bing Sum. After the founding of the People's Republic, he was given an opportunity for an
education and he graduated from the South China Engineering Institute 地 玭 厩 皘. He
worked in the Guangzhou government bureau overseeing real property. His familiarity with the
bureaucracy was instrumental in guiding Horatio through the administrative maze to
successfully recover Tong Jung's properties in Guangzhou. Gwok Bing Sum had two daughters,
Ping 萍 and Jeung 璋, and a son Hoong Mun 雄文, who would be second cousins of the children
of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie
Jung.
Tong Jung's First Cousins, Horatio Jung's Second Cousins
Cheung Baak Yin, eldest son of Cheung Soong Naam, Tong Jung's paternal uncle (baak
fu 伯父) and Horatio Jung's Dai Baak Goong 大伯公 or First Paternal Grand Uncle immigrated to
Peru. He had a daughter Cheung (Jeung) Yook Yip 張玉葉 and a son Cheung (Jeung) Wai 張威.
His daughter married Leung Chuen Chiu 梁寸超 of Tong Gaa Village and was the mother of five
sons--Leung Yau Gun 梁有根, who immigrated to the US in the 1930s as She Kuen Tong 唐社
權, aka Kenneth Tong, a paper son; Leung Mun Yung 梁文容; Leung Mun Wong 梁文旺, aka
Leung Jee Geen 梁志堅; Leung Mun Ping 梁文平, who immigrated to the U.S. in 1949 as Bing
Wing Jung 鄭炳榮, paper son of Tong Jung; and Leung Mun Sing 梁文成. She also had two
daughters—Leung Sau Ying 梁秀英 and Leung Gum Jau 梁金就. These are Horatio's second
cousins on the paternal side (gu biu 姑表). Kenneth Tong was married to Tong Hei Mun 唐希文
and had two sons--Gary Tong, aka Leung Gaa Chuck 梁嘉焯, and Danny Tong, aka Leung Gaa
Yee 梁嘉儀, and a daughter Susan Tong, aka Leung Soo Sin 梁素仙.
Bing Wing Jung married Tommy Tong's daughter Bonnie Tong in 1962. She passed
away in 1989. They had a daughter Diane Jung, aka Leung Doi Yin 梁黛燕, and a son Edward
Jung, aka Leung Jee Yuen 梁志遠. Bonnie passed away in 1989.
Leung Gum Jau's son Cheung (Jeung) Chi 張馳 entered the U.S. as a student during the
late 1980s and later acquired permanent resident status. He has two sisters Zhang Ying 張瑩
and Cheung (Jeung) Foon 張歡 in China, who would also be third cousins of the children of
Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung. Leung Gum Jau also immigrated to the U.S. during the early 21st
century.
The children of Kenneth Tong, Bing Wing Jung and Leung Gum Jau would be third
cousins of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung as well as William and Nittaya, Albert and
Bessie Jung.
Cheung (Jeung) Wai had two sons--Cheung (Jeung) Gaam 張淦 and Cheung (Jeung)
Tong 張棠, and a daughter Cheung (Jeung) Ngan 張雁, who married into the Tong clan of Gai
Paak Village. She immigrated to the U.S. in the 1970s. A son of hers entered the U.S. in the
1980s.
11
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
Cheung (Jeung) Baak Wing 張伯榮, who was Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's third son,
Tong Jung's Saam Sook 三叔 or Third Paternal Uncle, and Horatio Jung, Sr.'s Saam Sook
Goong 三叔公 or Third Paternal Grand Uncle, went with his older brother to Peru, where they
opened a store. He later moved to Chile. He had a son Seik 石, who was lame. He lived in Boo
Tsai Village. Third Grand Uncle also had an adopted daughter Cheung (Jeung) Lin 張蓮, who
during the Sino-Japanese War, when the Japanese occupied Tong Gaa, was executed by the
Japanese for being part of the anti-Japanese resistance. He had another adopted daughter
Cheung (Jeung) Tim Ho 張添好, who immigrated to Vancouver, Canada, with her family during
the 1980s.
Horatio Jung, Sr's Fourth Paternal Grand Uncle (Sei Sook Goong 四叔公), who was
Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's fourth son and Tong Jung's Sei Sook 四叔 or Fourth Paternal
Uncle, had planned to immigrate to Peru but died in Hong Kong before he could leave. He had a
son named Cheung (Jeung) Mook 張木.
Cheung (Jeung) Baak Cheung 張伯昌, aka Cheung (Jeung) Chue 張柱, who was
Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's fifth son, Tong Jung's Fifth Paternal Uncle (Ng Sook 五叔), and
Horatio Jung, Sr.'s Fifth Paternal Grand Uncle (Ng Sook Goong 五叔公), also went with his
oldest brother to Peru, where he was later given charge of the family's store. He ran it for 15
years and then retired to Hong Kong before World War II at the age of 51. Baak Cheung
married three times. He had one son by his first wife, Cheung (Jeung) Choong Gun 張重根, aka
Cheung (Jeung) Yip Ping 張業平, who in turn had three sons Cheung (Jeung) Go 張高, Cheung
(Jeung) Keung 張強, Cheung (Jeung) Fu 張富, and two daughters, Cheung (Jeung) Gwai 張桂
and Cheung (Jeung)Ling 張玲. Cheung (Jeung) Baak Cheung also took one of Tong Soey Jee’s
mui tsai as his second wife and took her with him to Peru. The couple adopted a daughter
Cheung (Jeung) Gum Yook 張金玉. He later took a third wife. They had a daughter Wai Gwong
惠光, who worked as a social worker in Hong Kong.
Cheung (Jeung) Gum Yook 張金玉 married Siu Duck Sang 蕭德生, who was connected
to the Kuomintang. When the Kuomintang government collapsed in China, the family moved to
Macao, where they had two daughters and a son. Gum Yook immigrated to the US during the
1980s and lives in the Los Angeles area.
The grandchildren of the Grand Uncles would all be third cousins of the children of
Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.
Tong Jung's Second Cousin, Horatio Jung's Third Cousins
Cheung (Jeung) Shing Tat 張成達 was the grandson of a brother of Cheung (Jeung)
Soong Naam, and thus was Tong Jung's paternal second cousin and Horatio Jung Sr.'s
paternal third cousin. Cheung Shing Tat's father Cheung Pak Lun 張伯倫 immigrated to Hong
Kong. Members of this branch of the Cheung (Jeung) family were Christian converts. Cheung
Sing Tat worked at The Sun department store. He became Tong Jung's financial manager in
Hong Kong and was the intermediary handling Tong Jung's remittances sent from the US for
family support. He also handled Tong Jung's stock portfolio.
Cheung Shing Tat had two daughters and five sons as well as one adopted son Cheung
Kwok Ho 張國豪. Many of them have emigrated and scattered all over the globe: Baldwin
Cheung, aka Cheung Kwok Hung 張國雄, in Sydney, Australia; Cheung Kwok Wing 張國榮 in
New York City; Gina Cheung, aka Cheung Gwok Hing 張國馨, and Cheung Kwok Wai 張國偉 in
Calgary, Canada; and Linda Cheung, aka Cheung Gwok Han 張國嫻, in Edmonton, Canada.
12
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
One son Cheung Kwok Yiu 張國耀 was K-Mart's representative in Shanghai during the 1980s,
but has since returned to Hong Kong. Cheung Kwok Ho is still in Hong Kong. Also in Hong Kong
is Cheung Shing Tat’s sister Cheung Duen 張緞, who had a son Tong Kwok Gei 唐國基, and
Cheung Kwok Doong 張國棟, the son of Cheung Shing Tat’s older brother Cheung Fat 張發.
The offspring of these cousins would be fourth cousins of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung
as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.
Tong Jung's God-Sister, Horatio Jung, Sr.'s God-Aunt
Tong Jung's godfather had a daughter Chun Suk Jun 陳淑珍. Horatio, Sr. refers to her
as his adopted-aunt (kai gu tse 契姑姐). She was married to Jang Wai Lo 鄭惠羅, whom Tong
Jung asked to manage the confectionery plant and residence building that Tong Jung
purchased in Guangzhou.
Jang Wai Lo had three sons and one daughter. Shortly after the founding of the People's
Republic, the wife together with her oldest son and daughter settled in Hong Kong. Her other
two sons later swam to Hong Kong to rejoin their mother. During the 1960s the family lived in
Tong Jung's condominium in the Lakeside Building in Hong Kong. Her husband, however, was
unable to leave Guangzhou to be reunited with the family until the 1980s. The parents and
oldest son Geen Gei 建基 passed away during the 1990s. One son is still in Hong Kong, while
another son Geen Sing 建成 and the daughter Eva 綺華 settled in New York City during the
1970s. Geen Sing has since passed on.
Notes
The surname Cheung (Jeung) 張 ranked third among the population in China at around 6.5%
(Wang is first at 7.6%, followed by Li at 3%); listed no. 24 in Surnames of the Hundred Families
百家姓. Some variations in transliteration are: Cheong, Chiang, Chiong, Chong, Chung, Jang,
Cheung (Jeung), Jong, Dew, Diong, Diu, Tiew, Tjiang, Tjoeng, Tjong, Tjo, Thang, Tio, Tiu, Teo,
Teoh, Tiong, Zhang, Chang, and Truong.
1
Attributed Origins: 1. From Ji 姬 clan (xing). Hui 揮, fifth son of Shaohao 少昊, who in turn was
son of the Yellow Emperor, was inventor of the bow and arrow. The Yellow Emperor bestowed
upon him the surname Zhang 張; 2. Jiehou 解侯, style Zhang 張, was an official serving first the
state of Jin 晉 (Shanxi) and then Han 韓 (southwest Shanxi and northwest Henan). His
descendants used his style as their surname; 3. Ji Liang 姬良 was a member of the nobility of
the state of Han 韓 when it was conquered by Qin 秦. After failing in an assassination attempt
on Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, he changed his surname to Zhang 張 and went into hiding. Most of the
Zhang clan in Guangdong claim descent from members of this branch that migrated from the
north after the Tang and Song dynasties; 4. A number of individuals and clans in non-Han
groups who for various reasons have changed their surnames to Zhang.
Prefectures associated with the surname: Qinghe 清河 (Hebei).
Major associations in the Chinese American community: Lung Kong Tin Yee Association 龍崗親
義公所 (with the Liu 劉, Guan 關, and Zhao 趙 clans); Cheung Family Association 張家公所;
Cheung Family Association of USA 美國張氏宗親會.
2
Chinese personal names usually consisted of two characters. It was customary practice in
Chinese lineages for individuals in the same generation to use the same character as one of the
characters in their personal names. In traditional China these characters were often designated
by the progenitor of the lineage, often in the form of a meaningful phrase, a couplet or a poem.
13
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
The Cheung (Jeung) lineage used the following poem for names to identify different
generations: Kai Yun Gong Naam, Baak Sai Kei Cheung 啓潤江南, 百世祈昌. Judging by the
Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's generational identifier, he belonged to the fourth generation of
the lineage.
3
Saam Heung is one of the areas in Zhongshan where the villagers speak a dialect derived
from that of southern Fujian (Minnan 閩南dialect). People from Fujian have settled in this area
beginning around 10 AD during the Song Dynasty. At that time the region was still a beach
bordering on a shallow sea. In the centuries since then alluvial soil deposits had continuously
encroached upon the sea so that the seashore is located about 10 miles south of Saam Heung
(Sanxiang) “Three Villages”. Saam Heung received its name from the three large villages of
Ping Laam (Pinglan), Wu Seik (Wushi) and Kiu Tau (Qiaotou 橋頭). According to traditional
accounts, the Pang (Peng 彭) and Guan 關clans were already living in the Wu Seik area during
the Tang 唐 dynasty. Later they were joined by the Jung (Zheng 鄭), Look (Lu 陸) and Chan
(Chen 陳) clans. During the Northern Song 北宋 dynasty between 1023 and 1031, a branch of
the Jung (Zheng 鄭) clan moved from Wu Seik to settle at Ping Laam. The Jung (Zheng) clan
was first to settle in Kiu Tau in 1044 AD. The three villages Wu Seik, Kiu Tau, and Ping Laam
are located adjacent to each other from north to south with the township government located on
a site just east of the three. Ah Gong (Yagang) is located 1-1/2 miles southeast of the township
government center. It was settled by the Chan, Ng (Wu 吳), Lau (Liu 劉) and other clans who
migrated from Shekki (Shiqi 石岐), where the government of Heungshan 香山 (Zhongshan 中山)
was located to Gonglao Shan 公老山 around 1567-72 during the Ming 明 dynasty, and then to
the present site. The name was derived from the fact that crows used to congregate on the hill
nearby. It is uncertain whether the Cheung (Jeung) clan was part of this migrating group.
4
According to Gazetteer of Zhuhai Municipality, Boo Tsai Village was founded during the Qing
dynasty (1644-1912).
5
Tong was a well-known comprador from Tong Gaa village.
6
Letter, INS to Wayne M. Collins, dated Jan. 10, 1966; in re: Laura Yook Ying Jung (Lai),
Respondent; Proceedings to cancel certificate of citizenship under Section 342 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act. (INS File AA-18804 (C-9) A23 127 076).
7
The generational identifier should have been Sai; however, the powerful Tong clan in Tong
Gaa already was using the character Sai in its generation identifier poem: Yik Him Gwoon Yue
Seun, Baak Sai Wing Chiu Tsoong 益謙官譽信，百世永昭宗. Thus Tong Jung had to use
another generational name Ping.
Tong Siu Yee (Tang Shaoyi 唐紹儀) was one of the eighty youths sent by the Qing
government during the 1870s to study in the U.S. After the founding of the republic, he became
the first premier of China but served only for half a year. During the 1920s he was often in
Guangdong.
8
9
Mui-tsai is the Cantonese term for a female domestic slave. They were generally bought from
or given away by poor families. They were clothed and fed by the master and were not paid
wages.
10
Medical Resume by Dr. George D. Fung, Mar. 9, 1962.
11
U.S. Dept. of Justice INS Notice of Hearing Pursuant to 22 CFR 46. 5 issued to Chuck Yook
King, Mar. 7, 1962.
12
Certificate of Marriage, Hong Kong Marriage Ordinance, Section 21 dated Mar. 25, 1963.
14
Jung Family History:August 17, 2008
13
Letter, Lee Shui Fong to Laura Lai, May 7, 1964.
14
The nomenclature for relatives is much more specific in Chinese than in English. For
example, the term uncle is expressed in Cantonese as baak fu 伯父 for the father's older
brothers, sook fu 叔父 for the father's younger brothers, and kau fu 舅父 for the mother's
brothers. Similarly, the English term aunt is expressed in Cantonese as gu ma 姑媽 for the
fathers older sisters, gu jie 姑姐 for father's younger sisters, yee ma 姨媽 for the mother's older
sisters, and ah yee 阿姨 for the mother's younger sisters. The English term cousin is expressed
as tong hing dai jee mui 堂兄弟姐妹 for brothers and sisters older and younger than oneself who
have fathers that are brothers of one's father; the term 姑表 is used to refer to cousins when the
mother is the sister of one's father, kau biu 舅表 to refer to cousins when the father is the
brother of one's mother, and yee biu 姨表 to cousins when the mother is the sister of one's
mother.
15