Sylabus k předmětu
Evropská metodologická studia
pro archeology JS2011
Mgr. Ludmila Kaňáková Hladíková
Prof. Dr. Ernst Pernicka
Professor für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie (Archäometrie/Archäometallurgie) am Institut für
Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters der Universität Tübingen.
Studium der Chemie (Nebenfach Physik) an der Universität Wien, Doktorarbeit über analytischchemische Untersuchungen an glasierter islamischer Keramik aus Ostpersien und Afghanistan.
Postdoktorand am Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg. Untersuchungen zur Herkunft des
Silbers für antike Münzprägungen. Danach Aufbau eines Labors zur Thermolumineszenzdatierung
archäologischer Keramik im Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf bei Wien.
Von 1979 bis 1997 Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe Chemie am Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik in
Heidelberg. Forschungsschwerpunkte: Archäometallurgie (Entstehung und Ausbreitung der
Metallurgie in der Alten Welt, Herkunftsbestimmung von Keramik und Obsidian im östlichen
Mittelmeerraum); Geo- und Kosmochemie (Platinmetalle in Meteoriten und in verschiedenen
irdischen Gesteinen, Seltenerdelemente in meteoritischen Phasen und in marinen Sedimenten);
Messung solarer Neutrinos. Habilitation für das Fach "Analytische Geochemie" an der Fakultät für
Geowissenschaften der Universität Heidelberg mit dem Thema "Erzlagerstätten in der Ägäis und ihre
Ausbeutung im Altertum: Geochemische Untersuchungen zur Herkunftsbestimmung archäologischer
Metallobjekte". Von 1997 bis 2004 Professor für Archäometallurgie an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg
(Untersuchungen zur Herkunft und Herstellungstechnik archäologischer Funde aus anorganischen
Materialien, Isotopenarchäologie).
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters
Abteilung für Jüngere Urgeschichte und Frühgeschichte
Schloß Hohentübingen
72070 Tübingen
Tel: +49 (0) 7071/29-74363
ernst.pernicka@uni-tuebingen.de
http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/ufg/old/juengere_abteilung/profs/pernicka.htm
přednáška dne 7. dubna 2011 „Provenance determination of ancient metals and
mobility in the central european bronze age“, místnost C43, 12:30 – 15:45.
Abstract. The hypothesis that trace element concentrations should be a guide to the provenance of
ancient metals has been formulated more than hundred years ago. Although very large analytical
programs of ancient metal objects were based on this concept its validity is still in dispute and seems
to be unclear. Opinions range from complete rejection to virtual acception. However, the dichotomy
expressed in the title is false. Depending on the ore type and smelting technology used, there is a
range of elements whose concentrations are predominantly governed by the ore composition and
could thus in principle be used for provenance determination. Other elements that are often
determined in ancient copper relate mainly to the smelting process and are of little use for that
purpose.
This lecture will provide a review of the relationship between copper ore and metal as deduced from
physico-chemical considerations and data, smelting experiments in the laboratory, and well-defined
archaeological case studies such as the ancient copper production centers of Timna and Feinan in the
Near East. Furthermore, a short overview of the analytical methods available common methodical
approaches for the study of ancient metals and production remains will be provided.
Application of these principles and conclusions will be demonstrated by large-scale investigations
concerning the Bronze Age copper production in the eastern Alps and other possible sources of
copper in central Europe like the Saxobohemian and the Slovakian Ore Mountains. Furthermore,
considerations and new methodological approaches concerning the provenance of tin will be
included. The distributions of various types of copper in space and time have been extensively
studied, from which hypotheses on the Bronze Age metal trade can be deduced. A comprehensive
example of an integrated approach is the multidisciplinary study of the Early Bronze Age metal hoard
of Nebra with the famous Sky Disk with the earliest astronomically correct representation of the
night sky in central Europe. This hoard belongs to the Unetice culture that is characterized by an
abundance of metal finds and the provenance of those will be discussed.
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Dr. Caroline Hamon
Caroline Hamon
Researcher CNRS, France
UMR 7041 ArscAn Protohistoire européenne
Maison de l'archéologie et de l'ethnologie
21, allée de l'Université - F-92023 Nanterre cedex
caroline.hamon@mae.cnrs.fr
přednáška dne 21. dubna 2011 “Methodology of technological and functional analysis of
macrolithic tools : some neolithic case studies from Europe”, místnost C43, 12:30 – 15:45
Abstract. The technological study of macro-lithic tools is a recent field of research in archaeology.
Based on a combined approach of raw materials chracterization, morphometric study and use-wear
analysis, it allows discuss the functioning and status of macrolithic-tools (querns, polishers,
hammerstones) in a wide range of technical fields such as food practices, craft productions (bone
tools, ornaments, metallurgy, skin treatment, etc). Their functional study, including the constitution
of experimental referential, contributes to a better knowledge of the economy, way of life and social
organisation of past societies.
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Prof. Anne Louise van Gijn
Annelou van Gijn was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1956 and has studied at Washington
State University and the University of Groningen. She obtained her PhD at Leiden University in 1990,
where she was appointed assistant professor in prehistory in 1986. In 2000 she became associate
professor with the award of an ASPASIA grant. Her specialisation is the technological and functional
study of prehistoric artefacts, mainly from the later prehistory of the Netherlands. Initially she
concentrated on flint tools but in the context of recent large-scale excavations of wetland sites she
extended her studies to objects made of a variety of raw materials in order to arrive at a better
understanding of past technological systems as a whole.
Over the last few years she has also participated Caribbean Research Group projects in the Faculty of
Archaeology. She is co-editor of the book The Prehistory of the Netherlands, in which she wrote
several chapters and a leader of the team “Skills, processes and tools” of the ESF project EARTH.
During 2006/2007 she was a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies of the Royal
Academy of Sciences in Wassenaar. In 2008, Annelou van Gijn was appointed Professor of Material
Culture Studies by special appointment at the University of Groningen. In this position she intends to
stimulate the study of the cultural biography of objects, in conjunction with regional and period
specialists within the Groningen Institute of Archaeology.
Faculteit Archeologie, Archeologie algemeen, WSD
Reuvensplaats 3-4
2311 BE Leiden
a.l.van.gijn@arch.leidenuniv.nl
telephone: + 31 71 527 2389/2633
www.artefactstudies.com
přednáška dne 28. dubna 2011 „Use wear analysis of bone and antler implements from the Dutch
Late Mesolithic and Neolithic“, místnost C43, 12:30 – 15:45
Abstract. Technological and functional analyses of the bone and antler implements from the Late
Mesolithic sites of Hardinxveld Polderweg and De Bruin, and the Neolithic sites of Brandwijk,
Schipluiden and Ypenburg, have shown the role these implements played in the technological system
during these periods. Through the years most of these tools have been experimentally replicated and
used for a variety of tasks. In this talk the manufacturing techniques employed for bone and antler
tool production will be discussed. Considerable emphasis will be put on the techniques used for
studying use wear traces on bone and antler tools, by showing experimental examples of such traces.
Last the data will be put in the context of the changes taking place in society at this time, that is the
slow transition from a fully hunting-gathering-fishing existence to an ever growing reliance on
agricultural products.
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Dr. Malgorzata Daszkiewicz
Malgolrzata Daszkiewicz is a researcherof ARCHEA. She develops Geochemical and mineralogical
aspects of archaeo-ceramological studies from 30 years of experience. The distribution of ceramics
can yield important information about the centers of production and areas in which the products
were distributed or traded. In order to determine such ‘economic spaces’ methods and technologies
of Archaeometry are applied. The presentation involves analysis of wheel-made pottery of the late
Iron Age (c. 250–50 BC) and of the Roman period in the barbaricum (c. 200–400 AD). Methodology
includes: classification of ancient pottery by macroscopic description, by refiring (MGR-analysis),
chemical analysis (WD-XRF or, very actual, portable ED-XRF), thin-section studies, problems of
determination of provenances, technology (properties of raw materials, forming, firing, ceramic and
functional properties).
Freie Universität Berlin
Excellence Cluster Topoi
Hittorfstraße 18
14195 Berlin
Germany
malgorzata.daszkiewicz@topoi.org
http://www.archaeometry.pl/
Dr. Gerwulf Schneider
Gerwulf Schneider is a research associate of the Archaeometry Workgroup at the Institute for
Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of the FU Berlin. His research contributes to the work of Group AIII-3 “Economic Spaces: Scientific Analysis of Wheel-Made Pottery”.
Together with Dr Malgorzata Daszkiewicz (ARCHEA) Warsaw, he carries out chemical, mineralogical
and technological research on ceramics. His research goal is to classify and determine the origins of
ceramics, on the basis of which questions regarding the transfer of technology and the organization
of production and distribution of ceramics can be discussed. The examples provided range from the
Neolithic to the Modern Era.
Special Work Areas: Central Europe, Mediterranean Hellenism up to late antiquity. The Near East, the
Sudan.
Freie Universität Berlin
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
Anorganische Chemie
Fabeckstraße 34
14195 Berlin
Germany
gerwulf.schneider@topoi.org
http://www.archaeometry.pl/
Přednáška dne 5. května 2011 „Inovative archaeometry of ceramics”, místnost C43, 12:30 – 15:45.
1a Classification of archaeological pottery finds using combined laboratory methods (MGRanalysis, WD-XRF, polarizing microscopy)
1b Study of ancient pottery technology (temper, firing conditions, ceramic properties, functional
properties)
2 Provenance determination of ancient ceramics by chemical analysis and thin-sections
3 Workshop: Examples for pottery classification by systematic refiring (MGR-Analysis) and
interpretation of data from laboratory analyses
(Lectures 1a and 1b will be given by Dr. Daszkiewicz, lecture 2 by Dr. Schneider, the workshop will be
a round-table with both docents)
Abstract: The first lecture will present an introduction into actual laboratory techniques for
classification of large series of sherds by a down-up sampling strategy. The various techniques will be
regarded in terms of efficiency and costs and include macroscopic and microscopic description,
systematic refiring of small fragments (MGR-analysis), chemical analysis (including portable X-ray
fluorescence) and thin-section studies. The significance of technological classification and of the
determination of functional properties will be demonstrated (cooking pots). Provenance
determination of ceramic objects (pottery, lamps, bronze casting), besides precise and accurate
chemical analysis, needs reference groups and databanks. This will be explained using examples from
35 years working in archaeoceramology. In the workshop some examples of pottery classification and
provenance determination will be used for a general discussion and to answer questions.
Workshop 6. května 2011, místnost C42 9:10 – 10:45, přihlášení povinné.
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Dr. Linda Hurcombe (BA, Ph.D, FSA)
Linda Hurcombe has broad interests in artefacts and material culture studies. She is especially
interested in ethnographies of craft traditions, the sensory worlds of prehistoric societies and the
manner in which archaeologists and anthropologists approach artefact studies. She has also worked
on gender and material culture, and explored function as a concept as well as conducting functional
analysis of stone tools via wear traces. Her research is characterised by the extensive use of
experimental archaeology and ethnographies, providing a detailed practical understanding of how
materials can be transformed into material culture. Fieldwork projects have been undertaken
in Europe and Pakistan and in recent years she has worked with a variety of craftspeople. She is
currently writing a book on organic material culture - the 'missing majority' of prehistoric material
culture.
Linda Hurcombe dug on a medieval site in Bristol for a year before undertaking a BA in Archaeology
from Southampton University and a PhD from Sheffield University on micro-wear analysis of obsidian
tools. During her doctoral research she learnt to knap and conducted extensive experiments with
stone tools on a range of materials which led to her wide interests in artefacts and material culture
studies and experimental archaeology. She worked on a variety of field projects and as a community
archaeologist before holding a series of temporary lectureships at Sheffield then Exeter Universities.
She was appointed to a permanent lectureship at Exeter in 1996 and is now a Senior Lecturer. She
set up the MA in Experimental Archaeology and became its first director. She has been Head of
Department for four years and the director of the MA in Material Culture Studies. She is a recent
editor of PAST, the newsletter of the Prehistoric Society.
Membership of Societies: Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, Member of Prehistoric Society,
Member of Lithic Studies Society
Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities,
University of Exeter
EX4 4QE
UK
L.M.Hurcombe@exeter.ac.uk
přednáška 19. května 2011 – “Connecting with the missing majority: taking a holistic view of
material culture.“, místnost C43, 12:30 – 15:45.
Abstract: Most material culture is made from materials which do not easily survive in the
archaeological record. Taking a more holistic approach to material culture allows some of this
missing majority to be considered and connections to be made across the normal material-based
divisions of artefact studies. The role of experimental archaeology and ethnographic data can offer
an appreciation of the operational chain which suggests new ways of thinking about the
archaeological data.