Name __________________________________________________
Note Organizer
•
What was a castle’s purpose?
•
Who lived inside a castle?
•
How many castles do you know? Can you name them?
•
Can you describe what these castles all have in common?
Europe in the Middle Ages
•
During Medieval times (________________________), Europe was divided into many small
______________________. Conflicts were common.
•
____________________________ played a central role during this time.
Historical Significance
• Castles were not just used by the ____________________________.
• The king, starting with William the Conqueror, would give his ____________ huge estates and
_____________________ to build castles.
• Most castles were granted by a king to their most loyal subjects, knights or barons, who
________________________ and ______________________ their king.
• In return, he expected these men (most of whom were given the titles of
_______________________________________) to control their lands as the king's
representative, to keep the local population from _______________, and to force them to
________________and pay _______________ to the lord (who then passed it onto the
___________________________).
“License to Crenellate”
When a ___________________ decided to ask __________________________ from the king to
________________________ a castle or convert his house into one, a “license to crenellate” was sometimes
granted.
Castle’s Function
•
In times of war, the castle served as the ______________________ and helped the king or nobleman
___________________ his lands.
•
The castle served as home, ____________________, __________________, storehouse,
______________________, _________________________, and administrative center.
Early Castles
•
The first castles that were constructed were not the ____________________ as we know today. They
were defensive ___________________ built around a city for
____________________________ from enemies.
Motte and Bailey Castles
•
At first, simple wooden homes sat atop a hill or an artificial mound called a
___________________________________.
•
The ________________________________ was the courtyard within the walls of the castle.
•
Ideally, the structures were built on sites that commanded a _____________ of the countryside.
Later Castles
•
Through time, castles evolved into _________________________ of great strength and were used for
___________________________ strategy.
•
These new kinds of castles were built of large, thick _____________________, and had many
_______________________ and ____________________.
Concentric Castles
•
Concentric castles would have ___________________ circuits of walls and flanking towers. The
___________________ wall would be higher than the
_____________________________.
Castle Construction and Protection
Moats
____________________________, or a wide ________________________, very often
________________________ the castles.
Drawbridge
A _____________________ bridge that led to a ___________________ and was capable of being
___________________________________
Turrets and Towers
A castle turret was a small tower _____________________________________ and resting on one of the
main towers, usually used as a ______________________.
Drum Tower
A ____________________ tower built into a _______________________, usually connecting stretches
of exterior wall
Wall Walks
High at the top of the castle, fighting ____________________________ were built.
Battlements
A narrow __________________________ built along the ___________________ edge of the
____________________________ to protect soldiers against attack.
Parapet
A protective ____________________ at the top of a fortification, around the
________________________ side of the wall-walk
Gate House
The castle gatehouse was the complex of __________________________________ built to
__________________________ each ____________________________ through a castle or town
wall.
Arrow Slits
A narrow _______________________ slit cut into a wall through which ________ could be fired from inside.
Keep
The _______________________________________ of the castle
Important Points about Castle Structure:
• Large and great ___________________________ strength
• __________________________ by a wall with a ____________________ platform
• Usually had a large, strong ____________________________
A Castle's Function:
• Fortress and military ___________________________
• Center of local __________________________________
• __________________ of the ________________________, usually a king
Mathematics in Castle Design
Vocabulary
• Dimension
– _____________________________________________________
– The size of the castle's different parts
• Proportion
– _____________________________________________________
– The low-lying outer walls versus the higher defense walls
• Scale
–
_____________________________________________________
• Scale factor
– _____________________________________________________
• Pattern
–
–
_____________________________________________________
The saw-tooth structures at the top of the castle
• Shape
–
–
_____________________________________________________
The tops of the towers are shaped like cones; towers, cylinders; bricks, rectangles.
• Symmetry
– _____________________________________________________
– Placement of the towers in ground plan
•
•
•
•
HOMEWORK:
Draw Your Own Castle
You need to draw a simple, achievable castle incorporating terms
from Tuesday’s lesson.
You should enhance your illustration with architectural details.
You should label the castle with the correct terminology.
Answer this question:
• What materials do we need to build a replica of a castle?