Please note: This review should only be used as a guide to the key points of information in your notes. This is not a substitute for studying your notes.
GREECE
1. The Greeks decided to form __________-________________ because they were separated from each other by mountains and islands.
2. On the _________________________ you would find temples to the gods.
3. The __________________ is the walled city down below where people lived and worked.
4. Athens got its name from the Goddess of Wisdom, _____________________.
The temple dedicated to her is called the _______________________________.
5. Athens is credited with creating _____________________, or government by the people.
6. Athens' democracy was more ____________________ than ours because everyone could vote on laws, whereas in the United States we
_________________ representatives to vote for us.
7. Athens' democracy was also more _______________________ than ours because so many people could not vote, such as ___________________, slaves, men under 30, and many immigrants.
8. The __________________________ spent most of their lives training to be soldiers.
9. Spartans started training at the age of _______ and even women were encouraged to ________________________ in order to produce healthy children.
10. The _____________________ were held every year in Greece in order to bring peace to the Greek city-states.
11. Greece's victory in the Persian Wars was so important because if they had lost, ___________________________ would have ceased to exist.

12. The Peloponnesian War began a few years later with Athens' Delian League fighting against Sparta's Peloponnesian League. ________________ won, but not before all of the Greek city-states had been weakened.
13. __________________________________________ was able to conquer these weakened city-states, but when he died his empire fell apart and was later conquered by the __________________________.
14. ______________________ was the father of philosophy who taught everyone to __________________________.
15. Another famous Greek was ____________________ who calculated the sides of a right triangle.
16. Greeks were also famous for their contributions to drama/theater. They created both
______________________ and ______________________.
ROME
1.
Because Italy had less _______________ dividing it than Greece, it was easier to ______________ the Roman Empire.
2.
Rome’s government, the _________________, was a representative democracy.
3.
The __________________ and the Assembly made the laws for Rome.
4.
The Romans elected 2 _________________ to serve as leaders during peacetime. During wartime they chose 1 ______________________ to rule.
5.
_____________________, a famous general, took charge and declared himself leader of Rome for life, ending a civil war in Rome.
6.
After Caesar’s death, his grandnephew ___________________________ became the first emperor of Rome, putting an end to the Republic.
7.
__________________________ was the site of gladiator contests.
8.
The Romans used __________________ to bring water into the city.
9.
The Roman temple to the gods was called the ____________________.

10.
What religion became the official religion of the Roman Empire and has remained the dominant faith in Europe today? ___________________________
MIDDLE AGES
1. What period of time do the Middle Ages cover? ___________________
2. Give 2 examples of how the church abused its power ________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Feudalism is a system whereby lords gave their loyalty to kings in exchange for ___________________.
4. What document said the monarch must obey the law? _______________
5. Pope Urban II ordered Christians to fight the Muslims for the Holy Land in a war known as the __________________________________.
6. What caused the bubonic plague? _________________________________
7. Why did the plague finally disappear in the Middle Ages?
_____________________________________________________________
RENAISSANCE
1. The word "Renaissance" means __________________________.
2. The movement that celebrated humans and their achievements was called
____________________________________.
3. What important invention did Johannes Gutenberg create and why was it important? _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages? ______________
________________________________________________________________
5. In Machiavelli's The Prince, what did he mean when he said that "the ends justify the means"? ________________________________________________

6. Name 2 of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings. ________________
_______________________________________________________________
7. Name 3 of Michelangelo's most famous works. _______________________
_______________________________________________________________
8. What was Raphael's greatest achievement? __________________________
9. Why is Shakespeare so famous? ___________________________________
10. Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler all believed in the heliocentric theory. What did it say? _______________________________________________________
11. How was it different from what Ptolemy had said over 1000 years earlier?
________________________________________________________________
REFORMATION
1. What is an indulgence? __________________________________________
2. What were the 95 Theses? ________________________________________
3. What were Luther's 2 basic beliefs? __________________________________
4. What became the 1 st Protestant Church? _____________________________
5. Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church? _______________
_________________________________________________________________
6. What church did he create? ________________________________________