Adjectives Explanation
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.)
An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big dog).
Adjectives can be used before a noun (I like Chinese food) or after certain verbs (It is
hard).
We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young French lady).
‫העצם שם על עוד לנו שמספרת מילה היא תואר שם‬, ‫העצם שם את 'משנה' הוא‬. ‫לפני בו להשתמש נוכל‬
‫פועל אחרי או עצם שם‬, ‫מקרה בכל אחד תואר משם ביותר להשתמש ונוכל‬.
Adjective Order
There are 2 basic positions for adjectives:
1.before the noun ‫עצם שם לפני‬
2.after certain verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste) ‫אחרי‬
‫מסוימים פעלים‬
adj. noun verb adj.
1 I like big cars.
2
My car is
big.
Noun as Adjective
‫ת ו א ר כש ם ע צ ם ש ם‬
As you know, a noun is a person, place or thing, and an adjective is a word that describes a noun:
adjective
clever
small
black
noun
teacher
office
horse
Sometimes we use a noun to describe another noun. In that case, the first noun "acts
as" an adjective. ‫אחר עצם שם לתאר מנת על עצם בשם להשתמש נוכל לפעמים‬, ‫כך‬, ‫צםהע שם‬
‫תואר כשם 'מתנהג' הראשון‬.
noun
as adjective noun
history
ticket
race
teacher
office
horse
The "noun as adjective" always comes first ‫העצם שם לפני בא תמיד המתאר העצם שם‬
‫המתואר‬
If you remember this it will help you to understand what is being talked about:
1.a race horse is a horse that runs in races
2.a horse race is a race for horses
3.a boat race is a race for boats
4.a love story is a story about love
5.a war story is a story about war
6.a tennis ball is a ball for playing tennis
7.tennis shoes are shoes for playing tennis
8.a computer exhibition is an exhibition of computers
9.a bicycle shop is a shop that sells bicycles
The "noun as adjective" is singular ‫יחיד עצם כשם בצורתו המתאר העצם בשם נשתמש‬
Just like a real adjective, the "noun as adjective" is invariable. It is usually in the singular form.
Right
boat race
toothbrush
shoe-lace
cigarette packet
Wrong
boat races
NOT boats race, boats races
toothbrushes
NOT teethbrush, teethbrushes
shoe-laces
NOT shoes-lace, shoes-laces
cigarette packets NOT cigarettes packet, cigarettes packets
In other words, if there is a plural it is on the real noun only.
A few nouns look plural but we usually treat them as singular (for example news, billiards, athletics). When we use these nouns "as adjectives" they are unchanged ‫יש‬
‫רבים בצורת הם כאילו שנראים‬, ‫ליחיד אותם נשנה ולא המקורית צורתם זוהי אבל‬, ‫כגון‬:
·a news
reporter, three news reporters
·one billiards
·an
table, four billiards tables
athletics trainer, fifty athletics trainers
Exceptions:
When we use certain nouns "as adjectives" (clothes, sports, customs, accounts, arms),
we use them in the plural form: ‫דופן יוצאי ישנם‬, ‫העצם שם של הרבים בצורת בהם נשתמש‬
Adjectives Explanation
·clothes
·sports
shop, clothes shops
club, sports clubs
·customs
duty, customs duties
·accounts
department, accounts departments
·arms
production
How do we write the "noun as adjective"?
‫?בכתיבה תואר כשם העצם בשם נשתמש כיצד‬
We write the "noun as adjective" and the real noun in several different ways:
·two
separate words (car door) ‫נפרדות מילים כשתי‬
·two
hyphenated words (book-case) ‫במקף מופרדות מילים כשתי‬
·one word
(bathroom) ‫אחת כמילה‬
There are no easy rules for this. We even write some combinations in two or all three
different ways: (head master, head-master, headmaster)
How do we say the "noun as adjective"?
‫?בדיבור כתואר העצם בשם נשתמש כיצד‬
For pronunciation, we usually stress the first word: ‫הראשונה המילה את נדגיש כלל בדרך‬
‫מהשתיים‬
·shoe shop
·boat-race
·bathroom
Can we have more than one "noun as adjective"?
‫?תואר כשם בשימוש אחד עצם משם יותר להיות יוכל האם‬
Yes. Just like adjectives, we often use more than one "noun as adjective" together.
Look at these examples:
car production costs: we are talking about the costs of producing cars
noun as
adjective
noun as
adjective
noun
costs
car
production
costs
production
costs
England football team coach: we are talking about the coach who trains the team
that plays football for England
noun as
adjective
noun as
adjective
noun as
adjective
noun
coach
England
team
coach
football
team
coach
football
team
coach
Note: in England football team coach can you see a "hidden" "noun as adjective"?
Look at the word "football" (foot-ball). These two nouns (foot+ball) have developed
into a single noun (football). This is one way that words evolve. Many word combinations that use a "noun as adjective" are regarded as nouns in their own right, with their
own dictionary definition. But not all dictionaries agree with each other. For example,
some dictionaries list "tennis ball" as a noun and other dictionaries do not.
government road accident research centre: we are talking about a centre that researches into accidents on the road for the government
noun as
adjective
noun as noun as noun as noun
adjective adjective adjective
centre
research centre
accident research centre
road
accident research centre
government road
accident research centre
Newspapers often use many nouns together in headlines to save space. Look at this
example:
BIRD HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE MURDER MYSTERY
To understand headlines like these, try reading them backwards. The above headline
is about a MYSTERY concerning a MURDER in a CENTRE for RESEARCH into
the HEALTH of BIRDS.
‫מרובים תואר כשמות עצם שמות עם כותרת בהבנת להקל מנת על‬, ‫המשפט מסוף לקרוא ננסה‬
Adjectives Explanation
Note, too, that we can still use a real adjective to qualify a "noun as adjective" structure:
·empty coffee jar
·honest
car salesman
·delicious
dog food
·rising car
production costs
·famous
England football team coach