Syllabus for GENDER AND EMPLOYMENT (SOC 794D)
Spring Session 2007, 9:00 – 11:30am Monday
W36 Machmer Hall
Professor: Michelle Budig
Office: W33cd Machmer, Office Hours: 11am – 1pm Wednesday and by appointment
Telephone: 545-5972 e-mail: budig@soc.umass.edu
COURSE GOALS:
1. To provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for understanding economic inequality by gender in the United States.
Students should be able to articulate how the respective theories contribute to our understanding of economic inequality by
gender and are expected to offer critiques of each of the theoretical perspectives we cover.
2. To introduce students to the empirical literature on labor market inequality in the United States. Students should be able to
describe current trends, including the overall growth in income and wage inequality that occurred in the 1980s in the U.S., and
the current gap in income and wages.
3. To push forward the research agendas of the students in the class by working towards a publishable paper or fundable grant
proposal.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
1. Required Readings:
a) Because Course Packets have become prohibitively expensive, most articles will be available electronically,
through my Udrive account to which you will each be given access. [UDRIVE ACCESS]
b) Chapters from books and non-electronic articles will be on reserve (3-day reserve) at the DuBois Library for this
course. [LIBRARY RESERVE]
c) Required and recommended books are available at the Textbook Annex. One copy of each book below is also on
reserve (3-day reserve) at the DuBois Library for this course. [LIBRARY RESERVE]
REQUIRED BOOKS
Folbre, Nancy. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. New York: Routledge.
Nelson, Robert L. and William P. Bridges. 1999. Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for
Women in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
Reskin, Barbara and Patricia Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues. Temple University.
RECOMMENDED (not required) BOOKS:
England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
England, Paula. 1993. Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Hochschild, Arlie. 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking.
Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald. Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation.
Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
Ward, Kathryn. 1990. Women Workers and Global Restructuring. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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2. Term Paper and Presentation:
Each student will work on a paper or proposal relevant to gender and/or employment during the semester. Students should
orient their work toward either a publishable paper or a research grant proposal. Papers or grant proposals begun previously may
be used if substantial progress is made on the paper/proposal during the semester. Projects begun during the semester should
culminate in an all-but-the-data-analysis term paper (with proposed plan for conducting the research). Projects will be graded as
follows:
1- Page summary of proposed term paper (due 2/11)
Full outline of proposed paper (due 3/4)
First draft of paper (due 4/1)
Class Presentation of term paper (5/14)
Final paper (due 5/17)
5% of final grade
5%
5%
15%
40%
3. Peer Review
You will write a review of another student’s draft of her/his term paper (due 4/24) and share comments one-on-one in class
(4/29). Your review will count as 15% of your final grade.
4. Discussion Leader
Each student will prepare and lead two class discussions from two different topics on the course schedule. This involves a very
brief presentation of the main points of the reading, unanswered questions you have about the topic, and provocative questions
for further class discussion on the readings or topic more broadly. Each class discussion will count as 5% of the final grade (for
a total of 10%).
5. Class Participation
Class attendance, preparation and attendance are expected. Participation will count as 5% of your final grade.
COURSE SCHEDULE
Jan 29: Theoretical background
Fiske, Susan T. 1998. “Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination.” Pp. 357-411 in Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by
D.T. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, and G.Lindzey, New York: McGraw Hill. LIBRARY RESERVE
Martin, Patricia Y. 2004. “Gender as an Institution.” Social Forces. 82:1249-73. UDRIVE ACCESS
Nelson, Robert L. and William P. Bridges. 1999. Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for Women
in America. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ch. 1, 2, 3, and 9. LIBRARY RESERVE
Ridgeway, Cecilia. 1997. “Interaction and the Conservation of Gender Inequality: Considering Employment.” American
Sociological Review 62:218-35. UDRIVE ACCESS
Feb 5: 1-page summary of proposed project for term paper due
Gender Gap in Pay and Poverty, Trends
Bernhardt, Annette, Martina Morris, and Mark S. Handcock. 1995. “Women’s Gains of Men’s Losses? A Closer Look at the
Shrinking Gender Gap in Earnings.” American Journal of Sociology 101(2):302-28. UDRIVE ACCESS
Blau, Francine. 1998. “Trends in the Well-Being of American Women, 1970-1995.” Journal of Economic Literature
36(March):112-65. UDRIVE ACCESS
McLanahan, Sarah, Sorensen, and Watson. 1989. “Sex Differences in Poverty, 1950-1980.” Signs 15(1):102-22. UDRIVE
ACCESS
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Roth, Louise Marie. 2003. “Selling Women Short: Gender Differences in Compensation on Wall Street.” Social Forces
82(2):783-802. UDRIVE ACCESS
Feb 12: Stratification and Exclusion:
Elliott, James and Ryan Smith. 2004. “Race, Gender, & Workplace Power.” American Sociological Review 69(3):365-86.
UDRIVE ACCESS
Hartmann, Heidi. 1976. “Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex," Signs 1(3) part 2. UDRIVE ACCESS
Reskin, Barbara. 2003. “Including Mechanisms in Our Models of Ascriptive Inequality.” American Sociological Review
68(1):1-21. UDRIVE ACCESS
Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald and Sheryl Skaggs. 1999. “An Establishment-Level Test of the Statistical Discrimination
Hypothesis.” Work and Occupations 26(4):422-45. UDRIVE ACCESS
Kathryn Ward. 1990. “Introduction.” Pp. 1-22 in Kathryn Ward’s (ed.) Women Workers and Global Restructuring. Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press. LIBRARY RESERVE
Recommended
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. “Work, Family, and Black Women’s Oppression.” Chap. 3 in Black Feminist Thought. Harper and
Collins.
Feb 19: HOLIDAY
Feb 26: Economic (Wo)Man – Neo-Classical Economic Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Feminism
England, Paula and Barbara Kilbourne. 1990. "Feminist Critiques of the Separative Model of Self: Implications for Rational
Choice Theory." Rationality and Society 2(2):154-69. UDRIVE ACCESS
Comment and Reply to England & Kilbourne 1990:
Friedman, Debra and Carol Diem. 1990. “Comments on England and Kilbourne.” Rationality and Society 2(4):
517-21. UDRIVE ACCESS
England, Paula and Barbara Kilbourne. 1990. "Does Rational Choice Theory Assume a Separative Self?
Response to Friedman and Diem." Rationality and Society 2(4):522-25. UDRIVE ACCESS
Friedman, Debra and Carol Diem. 1993. “Feminism and the Pro-(Rational-) Choice Movement: Rational Choice Theory,
Feminist Critiques, and Gender Inequality.” Pp. 91-114 in Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory, Paula England, editor.
New York: Aldine de Gruyter. LIBRARY RESERVE
England, Paula and Michelle J. Budig. 1998. “Gary Becker on the Family: His Genius, Impact, and Blind Spots” Pp. 99-111 in
Required Reading: Sociology’s Most Influential Books, edited by Dan Clawson. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts
Press. LIBRARY RESERVE
March 5: full outline of project for term paper due
Gender Differences in Education
Bradley, Karen. 2000. “The Incorporation of Women into Higher Education: Paradoxical Outcomes?” Sociology of Education,
73(1):1-18. UDRIVE ACCESS
Correll, Shelley. 2001. “Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self-Assessments.” American Journal of
Sociology 106(6):1691-1730. UDRIVE ACCESS
Jacobs, Jerry. 1995. “Gender and Academic Specialties: Trends Among Recipients of College Degrees in the 1980s.”
Sociology of Education 68:81-98. UDRIVE ACCESS
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Leahey, Erin, and Guang Guo. 2001. “Gender Differences in Mathematical Trajectories.” Social Forces 80(2):713-32. UDRIVE
ACCESS
McCall, Leslie. 2000. “Gender and the New Inequality: Explaining the College/Non-College Wage Gap.” American Sociological
Review 65(2):234-55. UDRIVE ACCESS
March 12: Occupational Gender Segregation
England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Ch. 1 and 7. LIBRARY
RESERVE
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 1992 "From Servitude to Service Work: historical continuity in the racial division of paid reproductive
labor." Signs 18(1):1-43. UDRIVE ACCESS
Kaufman, Robert. 2002. “Assessing Alternative Perspectives on Race and Sex Employment Segregation.” ASR 67:547-72.
UDRIVE ACCESS
Reskin, Barbara and Patricia Roos. Job Queues, Gender Queues. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 15. LIBRARY RESERVE
Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald. Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation. Ithaca, NY:
ILR Press. pp. 3-17. LIBRARY RESERVE
Weeden, Kim. 2002. “Why Do Some Occupations Pay More Than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality In The
United States.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 55-101. UDRIVE ACCESS
March 19: SPRING BREAK
March 26: Gender and Social/Employment Networks
Campbell, Karen E. 1988. “Gender Differences in Job-Related Networks.” Work and Occupations 15:179-200. LIBRARY
RESERVE
Drentea, Patricia. 1998. Consequences of Women's Formal and Informal Job Search Methods for Employment in FemaleDominated Jobs Gender and Society 12(3):321-38. UDRIVE ACCESS
Huffman, Matt and Lisa Torres. 2002. “It’s Not Only ‘Who You Know’ That Matters: Gender, Personal Contacts, and Job
Leads.” Gender and Society 16(6):793-813. UDRIVE ACCESS
Moore, Gwen. 1990. "Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks." American Sociological Review
55(5):726-35. UDRIVE ACCESS
Munch, Allison, Miller McPherson, and Lynn Smith-Lovin. 1997. "Gender, Children, and Social Contact: The Effects of
Childrearing for Men and Women." American Sociology Review 62:509-20. UDRIVE ACCESS
Smith-Lovin, Lynn and Miller McPherson. 1993. “You Are Who You Know: A Network Approach to Gender.” Pp. 223-251
in Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory, Paula England, editor. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. LIBRARY RESERVE
Recommended
Ibarra, H. 1993. "Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework.” Academy of
Management Review 18:46-87.
April 2: Gendered Organizations
Acker, Joan. 1990. “Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations," Gender and Society 4(2): 139-58.
UDRIVE ACCESS
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------. 1998. “The Future of ‘Gender and Organizations’: Connections and Boundaries.” Gender, Work and Organization 5(4):
195-206. UDRIVE ACCESS
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books. Chapters 6-9. LIBRARY
RESERVE
Martin, Patricia Yancey and David L. Collinson. 2002. “ ‘Over the Pond’ and ‘Across the Water’: Developing the Field of
“Gendered Organizations”.” Gender, Work and Organization 9(3): 244-65. UDRIVE ACCESS
Recommended
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1976. “The Impact of Hierarchical Structures on the Work Behavior of Women and Men.” Social
Problems 23(4):415-30. UDRIVE ACCESS
Martin, Patricia Yancey and David L. Collinson. 1999. “Gender and Sexuality in Organizations.” Pp. 285-310 in Revisioning
Gender edited by Myra Marx Ferree, Judith Lorber and Beth B. Hess. Thousand Oaks: Sage
Britton, Dana M. 2000. “The Epistemology of the Gendered Organization.” Gender & Society 14(3): 418-35.
April 9: Devaluation of “Feminine” Skills
England, Paula, Michelle J. Budig, and Nancy Folbre. 2002. “Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work.” Social
Problems. UDRIVE ACCESS
Reskin, Barbara. 1988. "Bringing the Men Back In: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work," Gender &
Society 2:58-81. UDRIVE ACCESS
Steinberg, Ronnie. 1990. “The Social Construction of Skill: Gender, Power, and Comparable Worth.” Work and Occupations
17:449-82. LIBRARY RESERVE
Tam, Tony. 1997. "Sex Segregation and Occupational Gender Inequality in the United States." American Journal of Sociology
102:1652-92. UDRIVE ACCESS
England, Paula, Joan M. Hermsen, and David A. Cotter. 2000. “The Devaluation of Women's Work: A Comment on Tam.”
American Journal of Sociology 105(6):1741-51. UDRIVE ACCESS
April 17 (Tuesday): Women and Men in Gender Atypical Jobs: first full draft of term paper due
Cotter, David A, Joan M. Hermsen, Seth Ovadia, and Reeve Vanneman. 2001. “The Glass Ceiling Effect.” Social Forces
80(2):655-82. UDRIVE ACCESS
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. “Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token
Women.” American Journal of Sociology 82(5):965-90. UDRIVE ACCESS
Morgan, Laurie. 1998. “Glass Ceiling Effect or Cohort Effect? A Longitudinal Study of the Gender Earnings Gap for Engineers,
1982 to 1989.” American Sociological Review 63:479-83. UDRIVE ACCESS
Williams, Christine. 1992. “The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the "Female" Professions.” Social Problems
39(3):253-67. UDRIVE ACCESS
Recommended
Budig, Michelle J. 2002. “Male Advantage and the Gender Composition of Jobs: Who Rides the Glass Escalator?” Social
Problems 49(2):258-77. UDRIVE ACCESS
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April 24: Gendered Family Effects on Employment
Budig, Michelle J., and Paula England. 2001. “The Wage Penalty for Motherhood.” American Sociological Review 66:204-25.
UDRIVE ACCESS
Cohen, Philip N. and S. M. Bianchi. 1999. "Marriage, Children, and Women's Employment: What Do We Know?" Monthly
Labor Review 122(12):22-31. http://stats.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/12/art3full.pdf
Cooper, Marianne. 2000. “Being the “Go-to-Guy”: Fatherhood, Masculinity, and the Organization of work in Silicon Valley.”
Qualitative Sociology 23(4):379-405. UDRIVE ACCESS
Folbre, Nancy. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. New York: Routledge. Intro, 1-3, 7.
LIBRARY RESERVE
Hochschild, Arlie. 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking. Ch. 1& 17.
LIBRARY RESERVE
Apr 31: Gender and Work in the Academy
Bellas, Marcia L. 1993. “Faculty Salaries: Still a Cost of Being Female?” Social Science Quarterly 74(1):62-75. UDRIVE
ACCESS
Misra, Joya, Ivy Kennelly, and Marina Karides. 1999. “Employment Chances in the Academic Job Market in Sociology: Do
Race and Gender Matter? Sociological Perspectives 42(2):215-48. UDRIVE ACCESS
Tolbert, Pamela S. 1986. “Organization and Inequality: Sources of Earnings Differences between Male and Female Faculty.”
Sociology of Education 59:227-35. UDRIVE ACCESS
Xie, Yu and Kimberlee A. Shauman. 1998. “Sex Difference in Research Productivity: New Evidence about an Old Puzzle.”
American Sociological Review 63:847-70. UDRIVE ACCESS
May 7: Social Policy, Gender, and Economic Inequality: reviewer comments due
Bielby, William T. 2000. “How to Minimize Workplace Gender and Racial Bias.” Contemporary Sociology 29:120-29.
UDRIVE ACCESS
England, Paula and Dana Dunn. 1988. "Evaluating Work and Comparable Worth." Annual Review of Sociology 14:227-48.
UDRIVE ACCESS
Kelly, Erin and Frank Dobbin. 1999. “Civil Rights Law at Work: Sex Discrimination and the Rise of Maternity Leave Policies.”
American Journal of Sociology. 105:455-92. UDRIVE ACCESS
Stryker, Robin. 2001. “Disparate Impact and the Quota Debates: Law, Labor Market Sociology, and Equal Employment
Policies.” The Sociological Quarterly 42(1):13-46. LIBRARY RESERVE
Discussion of comments given and received on first draft of term paper
May 14: Student Presentations
May 18: Final paper due by 5pm
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