1 (Sept.,2009) DISTRICT INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR NORTH EASTERN REGION 1. Introduction The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (M/o DoNER) has been established to be involved in matters relating to planning, execution and monitoring of developmental schemes and projects in the North Eastern Region (NER). While the Ministry’s role in schemes of other Central Ministries/Departments is restricted to that of coordination, the M/o DoNER is administering its own plan scheme of NonLapsable Pool of Central Resources (NLPCR) in the N.E. region. Under this NLCPR scheme, basic infrastructure projects are funded by the Ministry in the N.E. Region. NER District Infrastructure Index is considered necessary to help projects the Ministry within the in NER better in targeting order to of reduce schemes and intra-regional disparity. The index is also expected to serve as a useful guide in formulation and implementation of various development policies by the Government of India. 2. Data source The data used in this paper are obtained from the respective Governments of the N.E. States. Data pertaining to area, population, households and villages furnished by State Governments are lifted from Census 2001. Infrastructure related data are the latest information available with the State Governments. 2 In all, there are 86 districts in the 8 N.E. States. The new districts of Kamrup Metro, Baksa, Chirang and Udalguri of Assam are clubbed with the districts from which these were curved out. Similar problem is encountered in respect of two new district Dibang of Valley. Arunachal Hence the Pradesh, district viz., of Anjaw Anjaw and and Lower Lohit are treated as one and Dibang Valley and Lower Dibang Valley are combined as one district. Consequently, the number of districts in this study is 80. 3. Infrastructure indicators Identification of appropriate and feasible indicators of relevance for district level infrastructure is the immediate issue encountered. Planning Commission’s definition of infrastructure has provided useful starting point. The CMIE had prepared, in 2000, profiles of districts covering 411 districts for 32 States/UTs. Among the N.E. States, only Assam had been included in the study. The CMIE also prepared a composite District Infrastructure Index based on 7 indicators, viz., transport facility, energy, irrigation facility, banking facility, communication infrastructure, educational institutions and health facilities. The CMIE indicators were found generally acceptable. However, irrigation facility had to be dropped because of lack of uniformity across States in the N.E. region. Water supply is considered an important indicator since over 10% of NLCPR fund has been Consequently, we sanctioned settled for for 7 water broad supply projects. indicators, viz., transport facilities (road density and road quality), energy, water supply, education, health facilities, infrastructure and banking facilities. 3 communication Transport facilities: There could be several aspects of transport infrastructure at the district level such as availability and quality of roads and railways. Road is the most basic and prevalent transport facility at the district level, especially in the NE region. The availability railways has been limited in the NE region. In view of this, we have employed only road density and road quality to represent transport infrastructure. Energy infrastructure: infrastructure should be distribution capacities availability constrained Ideal power and indicator generation, to energy transmission, consumption. us for However, employ only data villages electrified to represent energy infrastructure. Water supply facilities: Capacity of water supply plants and access to indicators. We potable employ water would households have having been tap preferred water within premises as the sole indicator for water supply facility. Education facilities: The number of schools from preprimary to senior secondary school is used to represent educational facilities. Health facilities: The number of hospital beds is used to capture availability of health facilities. Communication infrastructure: Telephone lines/telephone connections, post and telegraph offices are the usual indicators for communication infrastructure. Fast expansion of private cellular services has significantly reduced to soundness of telephone lines as indicator of communication infrastructure and on connection become has obtaining accurate difficult. 4 Hence data we telephone employed post & telegraph offices and telephone exchange to represent communication infrastructure. Banking facilities: This is represented by the number of banks in a district. To capture the relative disadvantage of sparsely populated districts, indicators which are expressed relative to population such as schools, health facilities, communication and banking have been incorporated both in terms of population as well as relative to geographical Accordingly we have all together 14 indicators: 1. Transport facilities 1a. Road length per 100 sq km 1b. Surfaced road as % of total road length 2. Percentage of villages electrified 3. Percentage of households having tap water connection 4. Education infrastructure 4a. Schools per 1000 population 4b. Schools per 100 sq km 5. Communication facilities 5a. Post & telegraph office per 10,000 population 5b. Post & telegraph office per 100 sq km 5c. Telephone exchange per 10,000 population 5d. Telephone exchange per 100 sq km 5 area. 6. Health infrastructure 6a. Hospital beds per 10,000 population 6b. Hospital beds per 100 sq km 7. Financial infrastructure 7a. Banks per 10,000 population 7b. Banks per 100 sq km Summary statistics of the indicators are given at Table 1. 4. Methodology The composite district infrastructure index is defined as, DIIi = ∑wixij where DIIi is the (1) composite index for the ith observation, wi is the weight assigned to the ith indicator and xij is the value of the ith aspect of infrastructure for the jth district. Major issue here pertain to assignment of weights to the individual indictors. One option is to assign arbitrary weights based on the available insights into the nature and magnitude of inter-relationships among the variables. This method stands exposed to subjectivity. Another method is the principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA is used to construct composite index in such a way that the weights given maximizes the sum of squares of correlation of the indictors with the composite index. 6 Based on our subjective evaluation, we are inclined to impose weights on the individual indicators relative importance of certain Hence the estimation result reflecting the indicators over the others. of PCA has not been found satisfactory. Under this circumstance the CMIE methodology is considered preferable. Besides, the policy thrust of M/oDoNER as evident projects from the provides sectoral useful composition guide in of sanctioned determining individual weights for the indicators. Sanctioned projects from the NLCPR scheme consists of roads & bridges accounting for 35.31%, power 21.77%, education 11.84% water supply 10.28%, health 7.04% irrigation & flood control 5.51% and the rest for sports, auditorium, markets buildings, airports etc. Following the CMIE methodology we assign weights to the indicators as follows: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Items Weightage Road length per 100 sq km Surfaced road as % of total road length Percentage of villages electrified Percentage of households having tap water connection Schools per 1000 population Schools per 100 sq km Post & telegraph office per 10,000 population Post & telegraph office per 100 sq km Telephone exchange per 10,000 population Telephone exchange per 100 sq km Hospital beds per 10,000 population Hospital beds per 100 sq km Banks per 10,000 population Banks per 100 sq km Total (1 to 14) and xij of equation (1) is defined as xij = 100*(yij/yiA) where, 7 (2) 24.0 2.0 15.0 15.0 6.0 6.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 8.0 7.0 2.5 2.5 100.0 yij = value of the ith indicator for the jth district yiA = value of the ith indicator for all NER This transformation has normalized the original values of indicators and thereby eliminating the effect of the chosen units. It is evident that each of the value of x for all NER would be equal to 100 and subsequently, the infrastructure index for NER would always be equal to 100. 5. Results The Composite NER District Infrastructure Index is given at Table 2. The State-by-State decomposed picture are at Tables 3 to 10. In general geographically small States of Sikkim and Tripura have performed better in development infrastructure. It is also observed that within a State, the district where the State capital is located generally have better infrastructure. Ranking of Districts on basis of Min. Max. individual indicators are at Tables 11-23. =================== TABLE 1: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Indicators Mean Length of total road per 100 square km. Surfaced road as percentage of total road length Percentage of electrified villages to total villages Households having tap water connection (%) Schools per 1000 population. Schools per 100 sq km Post & telegraph office per 10,000 population Post & Telegraph office per 100 8 Std. deviation 51.84 39.68 2.53 206.62 47.13 23.01 6.61 75.70 18.71 26.01 100.00 19.71 2.25 35.37 16.21 1.26 32.82 2.18 3.01 1.45 2.82 93.60 1.30 74.32 0.64 6.38 0.68 121.97 0.09 0.02 7.17 9.78 sq km Telephone exchange per 10,000 population Telephone exchange per 100 sq km Hospital beds per 10,000 population. Hospital beds per 100 sq km Bank branches per 10,000 population. Banks per 100 sq km 0.52 0.61 0.44 0.52 10.86 15.86 7.98 25.80 0.73 1.17 0.55 1.33 0.07 0.02 1.97 2.50 1.05 40.81 0.64 142.12 0.08 0.02 4.03 7.07 TABLE: 2 COMPOSITE NER DISTRICT INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX State Manipur District Rank Score State District Rank Score Imphal 1 328.96 Assam Lakhimpur 41 118.41 West Sikkim East 2 296.11 Meghalaya South Garo 42 117.10 Sikkim Hills Sikkim South 3 288.92 Meghalaya East Garo 43 116.80 Sikkim Hills Tripura West 4 286.12 Assam Darrang 44 114.96 Tripura Meghalaya East Khasi 5 248.68 Manipur Senapati 45 114.00 Hills Manipur Imphal 6 245.00 Mizoram Saiha 46 112.51 East Assam Kamrup 7 241.82 Assam Dibrugarh 47 112.35 Tripura North 8 230.58 Assam Cachar 48 110.65 Tripura Sikkim West 9 221.08 Assam Golaghat 49 109.39 Sikkim Nagaland Kohima 10 213.52 Nagaland Phek 50 107.36 Manipur Thoubal 11 189.70 Arunachal West kameng 51 106.96 Pr Tripura South 12 188.01 Mizoram Champhai 52 106.59 Tripura Mizoram Aizawl 13 179.85 Assam Goalpara 53 102.30 Arunachal Papumpare 14 162.61 Arunachal Upper Siang 54 101.65 Pr Pr Assam Sibsagar 15 161.26 Assam Bongaigaon 55 99.40 Nagaland Dimapur 16 157.50 Assam Barpeta 56 98.12 Assam Jorhat 17 155.18 Arunachal Dibang Valley 57 97.34 Pr Manipur Bishnupur 18 151.73 Mizoram Mamit 58 95.81 Arunachal Lower 19 148.18 Nagaland Wokha 59 95.14 Pr Subansiri Meghalaya Rhi-Bhoi 20 147.87 Assam Dhubri 60 95.08 Assam Nalbari 21 145.98 Arunachal Upper 61 94.40 Pr Subansiri 9 Arunachal Tawang Pr Nagaland Mokokchung Kolasib Serchhip Dhalai District Nagaland Zunheboto Meghalaya Jaintia Hills Sikkim North Sikkim Assam Hailakandi Mizoram Lunglei 24 25 26 144.00 Arunachal Pr 142.39 Arunachal Pr 139.68 Assam 139.14 Nagaland 134.64 Nagaland 27 28 132.71 129.61 Assam Manipur Tinsukia Ukhrul 67 68 87.09 83.80 29 129.30 Assam Kokrajhar 69 82.85 30 31 70 71 81.67 80.93 Assam Nagaon Assam Karimganj Arunachal Tirap Pr Arunachal East Siang Pr Meghalaya West Khasi Hills 32 33 34 72 73 74 76.67 76.65 74.57 35 128.03 Mizoram Lawngtlai 127.55 Arunachal Lohit Pr 127.54 Nagaland Peren 124.09 Assam Karbi Anglong 123.62 Arunachal Kurung Kumey Pr 122.48 Manipur Tamenglong 75 73.69 36 122.17 Churachandpur 76 73.13 Meghalaya 37 122.16 Nagaland Longleng 77 71.11 38 39 40 120.95 120.69 120.64 Manipur Assam Nagaland Chandel Dhemaji Kiphire 78 79 80 70.49 69.14 65.17 Mizoram Mizoram Tripura Assam Arunachal Pr Assam West Garo Hills N.C. Hills West Siang Morigaon NER 22 23 Manipur Changlang 62 93.22 East Kameng 63 92.51 Sonitpur Mon Tuensang 64 65 66 89.92 89.80 87.94 100 TABLE 3: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: ARUNACHAL PRADESH District Papumpare Lower Subansiri Tawang Tirap East Siang West Siang West kameng Upper Siang Dibang Valley Upper Subansiri Changlang East Kameng Lohit N.E. rank 14 State rank 1 Score 162.61 19 22 34 35 39 51 54 57 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 148.18 144.00 123.62 122.48 120.69 106.96 101.65 97.34 61 62 63 71 10 11 12 13 94.40 93.22 92.51 80.93 10 Kurung Kumey 74 11 14 74.57 TABLE 4: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: ASSAM District Kamrup Sibsagar Jorhat Nalbari Hailakandi Nagaon Karimganj N.C. Hills Morigaon Lakhimpur Darrang Dibrugarh Cachar Golaghat Goalpara Bongaigaon Barpeta Dhubri Sonitpur Tinsukia Kokrajhar Karbi Anglong Dhemaji N.E. rank 7 15 17 21 30 32 33 38 40 41 44 47 48 49 53 55 56 60 64 67 69 73 79 State rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Score 241.82 161.26 155.18 145.98 128.03 127.54 124.09 120.95 120.64 118.41 114.96 112.35 110.65 109.39 102.30 99.40 98.12 95.08 89.92 87.09 82.85 76.65 69.14 TABLE 5: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: MANIPUR District Imphal West Imphal East Thoubal Bishnupur Senapati Ukhrul Tamenglong Churachandpur Chandel N.E. rank 1 6 11 18 45 68 75 76 78 12 State rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Score 328.96 245.00 189.70 151.73 114.00 83.80 73.69 73.13 70.49 TABLE 6: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: MEGHALAYA District East Khasi Hills Rhi-Bhoi Jaintia Hills West Khasi Hills West Garo Hills South Garo Hills East Garo Hills N.E. rank State rank 5 20 28 1 2 3 248.68 147.87 129.61 36 4 122.17 37 5 122.16 42 6 117.10 43 7 116.80 Score TABLE 7: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: MIZORAM District Aizawl Kolasib Serchhip Lunglei Saiha Champhai Mamit Lawngtlai N.E. rank 13 24 25 31 46 52 58 70 State rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Score 179.85 139.68 139.14 127.55 112.51 106.59 95.81 81.67 TABLE 8: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: NAGALAND N.E. State District rank rank Score Kohima 10 1 213.52 Dimapur 16 2 157.50 Mokokchung 23 3 142.39 Zunheboto 27 4 132.71 Phek 50 5 107.36 Wokha 59 6 95.14 Mon 65 7 89.80 Tuensang 66 8 87.94 Peren 72 9 76.67 Longleng 77 10 71.11 Kiphire 80 11 65.17 13 TABLE 9: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: SIKKIM District East Sikkim South Sikkim West Sikkim North Sikkim N.E. rank 2 3 9 29 State rank 1 2 3 4 Score 296.11 288.92 221.08 129.30 TABLE 10: COMPOSITE INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX FOR DISTRICTS OF NER: TRIPURA District West Tripura North Tripura South Tripura Dhalai District N.E. rank 4 8 12 State rank 1 2 3 Score 286.12 230.58 188.01 26 4 134.64 TABLE 11: DISTRICT RANKING ON DENSITY AND QUALITY OF ROADS District Rank Road Surfaced District Rank Road Surfaced length road as % length road as % /100 sq of total /100 sq of total km road km road West 1 206.62 28.09 Sonitpur 41 40.42 11.52 Tripura North 2 191.21 27.79 Karbi Anglong 42 40.11 24.52 Tripura Thoubal 3 143.97 92.16 Longleng 43 39.32 6.61 Kohima 4 137.84 30.57 Rhi-Bhoi 44 38.81 64.58 South 5 137.38 61.4 West Garo 45 38.73 60.66 Sikkim Hills South 6 136.24 28.62 Kolasib 46 38.06 73.61 Tripura Imphal 7 120.6 85.4 Dhemaji 47 37.78 6.95 West Imphal 8 120.6 93.6 Serchhip 48 37.65 29.52 East Zunheboto 9 99.48 8.86 Peren 49 33.83 48 Bishnupur 10 84.68 88.81 Dhubri 50 33.49 23.37 14 Dimapur West Sikkim Dhalai District Mokokchung 11 12 81.9 81.88 57.72 61.4 N.C. Hills Hailakandi 51 52 30.69 29.46 35.67 45.27 13 80.29 27.14 Kiphire 53 29.29 38.14 14 79.28 51.44 54 28.59 66.4 Wokha Darrang Tawang Sibsagar Morigaon Lower Subansiri East Khasi Hills Nalbari Jorhat Aizawl Mon Nagaon 15 16 17 18 19 20 70.64 70.01 68 67.35 65.89 63.88 17.5 24.66 82.79 39.45 15.85 54.96 South Garo Hills Papumpare Changlang Tinsukia Kokrajhar Saiha Mamit 55 56 57 58 59 60 28.44 28.44 28.15 27.36 27.31 26.68 73 64.95 46.58 46.28 76.49 30.11 21 63.41 72.68 61 26.33 56.95 22 23 24 25 26 63.23 62.08 61.21 60.04 57.26 15.77 20.68 43.89 18.9 26.95 62 63 64 65 66 24.73 24.47 23.16 22.77 22.36 77.65 70.56 25.54 68.21 79.71 Kamrup East Sikkim Goalpara Phek Tirap Karimganj Bongaigaon 27 28 56.09 55.31 32.5 61.4 West Khasi Hills Senapati Ukhrul Cachar Tamenglong East Garo Hills West Siang East Siang 67 68 22.29 21.93 52.98 58.5 29 30 31 32 33 49.73 49.1 47.73 47.32 46 29.44 12.72 65.24 22.31 35.45 69 70 71 72 73 21.47 21.23 19.32 15.49 15.33 63.71 70.01 71.53 51.73 42.7 Golaghat Dibrugarh Tuensang Lakhimpur Jaintia Hills Champhai 34 35 36 37 38 45.97 45.93 44.29 43.74 43.26 34.47 30.26 15.05 25.5 56.41 Lunglei Churachandpur Chandel East Kameng Upper Subansiri Lawngtlai Upper Siang West kameng Lohit * North Sikkim 74 75 76 77 78 14.31 13.32 12.03 10.63 9.67 75.61 57.45 64.48 73.46 61.4 39 42.98 38.52 79 7.69 73.72 Barpeta 40 40.74 25.95 Dibang Valley $ Kurung Kumey ALL NE 80 2.53 38.48 39.86 41.45 15 TABLE 12: DISTRICT RANKING ON VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION District Rank Village District Rank Village electrified electrified (%) (%) Serchhip 1 100 Changlang 41 80.53 East Sikkim 2 100 Kiphire 42 80.19 Kohima 3 100 Saiha 43 77.94 Phek 4 100 Senapati 44 77.92 Mokokchung 5 100 Jorhat 45 76.79 North 6 98.8 Hailakandi 46 76.74 Tripura Nalbari 7 95.89 Dhubri 47 75.62 Imphal East 8 95.59 Morigaon 48 75 Sibsagar 9 95.44 Tirap 49 75 West Tripura 10 95.27 Papumpare 50 74.93 South 11 94.95 Jaintia Hills 51 74.73 Tripura South Sikkim 12 93.79 Rhi-Bhoi 52 74.4 Zunheboto 13 93.58 Wokha 53 74.22 Tuensang 14 92.73 Barpeta 54 73.72 West Sikkim 15 92.56 Churachandpur 55 73.08 Dimapur 16 91.67 Tinsukia 56 71.9 Bongaigaon 17 91.49 East Khasi 57 71.85 Hills Mamit 18 91.46 Tawang 58 66.98 Ukhrul 19 91.41 Karimganj 59 62.87 Kokrajhar 20 90.36 Upper Siang 60 61.22 Darrang 21 90.31 Sonitpur 61 60.64 Aizawl 22 89.91 West kameng 62 58.95 Champhai 23 89.41 Dibang 63 58.87 Valley$ Dhalai 24 88.74 Lakhimpur 64 57.86 District Cachar 25 88.06 Golaghat 65 57.39 Bishnupur 26 87.76 Lower 66 56.97 Subansiri Mon 27 87.27 West Siang 67 54.72 Dibrugarh 28 86.32 West Khasi 68 54 Hills Lunglei 29 86.25 West Garo 69 53.85 Hills North Sikkim 30 84.91 East Garo 70 53.36 Hills Nagaon 31 84.51 Lawngtlai 71 51.08 Kamrup 32 84.49 South Garo 72 44.2 Hills Thoubal 33 84.47 Lohit* 73 43.19 16 Kolasib Imphal West 34 35 84.38 84.33 Longleng East Siang Chandel Tamenglong Peren 36 37 38 39 40 82.86 82.56 82.27 81.87 81.4 Goalpara Upper Subansiri N.C. Hills East Kameng Karbi Anglong Kurung Kumey Dhemaji ALL NE 17 74 75 43.13 40.81 76 77 78 79 80 40.47 39 35.69 32.75 26.01 68.41 District West Sikkim South Sikkim East Sikkim East Khasi Hills Senapati Aizawl Papumpare Imphal West N.C. Hills West Tripura Rhi-Bhoi West Siang Dibang Valley$ West kameng Lunglei South Garo Hills West Khasi Hills Kurung Kumey Lower Subansiri Tawang North Sikkim Imphal East Upper Subansiri East Siang Kolasib Serchhip Jorhat North Tripura Tirap East Garo TABLE 13: DISTRICT RANKING ON WATER SUPPLY Rank Households District Rank Households having tap having tap water connection (%) water connection (%) 1 74.32 Churachandpur 41 16.84 2 67.61 Dimapur 42 16.7 3 66.24 Jaintia Hills 43 16.54 4 62.6 44 16.52 5 6 7 8 50.7 46.99 46.24 44.63 Dhalai District South Tripura Kamrup Golaghat Tamenglong 45 46 47 48 16.24 14.41 13.85 12.24 9 10 36.83 36.15 Mokokchung Karimganj 49 50 12.09 12.06 11 12 13 35.83 34.01 32.91 Chandel Lawngtlai Thoubal 51 52 53 11.77 11.28 10.84 14 30.2 Tinsukia 54 9.97 15 16 29.49 28.92 Dibrugarh Sonitpur 55 56 9.22 9.06 17 28.69 Karbi Anglong 57 8.72 18 28.25 Phek 58 7.65 19 28.25 Kohima 59 6.98 20 21 27.79 25.69 Nagaon Champhai 60 61 6.75 6.67 22 25.32 Darrang 62 6.33 23 24.79 Tuensang 63 5.94 24 25 26 27 28 24.63 23.74 22.89 21.99 21.99 Longleng Saiha Mon Peren Mamit 64 65 66 67 68 5.94 5.89 5.56 4.64 4.57 29 30 21.83 21.26 Bongaigaon Wokha 69 70 4.55 4.22 18 Hills Sibsagar Ukhrul Upper Siang Cachar East Kameng Changlang Hailakandi Lohit* Bishnupur West Garo Hills 31 32 33 21.18 20.53 19.87 Zunheboto Lakhimpur Kiphire 71 72 73 4.04 3.23 3.22 34 35 19.2 18.43 Nalbari Kokrajhar 74 75 2.75 2.09 36 37 38 39 40 18.39 18.21 17.91 17.75 17.42 Goalpara Morigaon Barpeta Dhubri Dhemaji 76 77 78 79 80 1.79 1.78 1.5 1.47 1.3 ALL NE 19 15.04 Table 14: District Ranking on Education Infrastructure District Rank Schools per District Rank Schools per 1000 1000 Population Population South Garo Hills 1 6.38 Papumpare 41 1.73 West Khasi Hills 2 5.83 Peren 41 1.73 Lawngtlai 3 5.73 Goalpara 43 1.72 N.C. Hills 4 5.39 Kokrajhar 44 1.71 Lunglei 5 4.87 Bongaigaon 45 1.68 East Garo Hills 6 4.77 Karimganj 45 1.68 Saiha 7 4.14 North Sikkim 45 1.68 Rhi-Bhoi 8 4.11 Changlang 48 1.65 Serchhip 9 3.94 Golaghat 49 1.63 West Garo Hills 10 3.90 Morigaon 50 1.62 Aizawl 11 3.79 Cachar 51 1.57 Lohit + Kolasib 11 3.79 Anjaw 51 1.57 Champhai 13 3.68 Imphal East 53 1.56 Jaintia Hills 14 3.59 Dibrugarh 53 1.56 East Kameng 15 3.06 Bishnupur 55 1.55 East Khasi Dibang Hills 16 2.92 Valley 56 1.54 Upper Subansiri 17 2.84 Darrang 57 1.50 Mamit 18 2.80 Zunheboto 58 1.49 South Lakhimpur 19 2.70 Tripura 59 1.44 Kurung Kumey 20 2.66 Imphal West 60 1.42 West Siang 21 2.65 Kamrup 60 1.42 Hailakandi 22 2.56 Thoubal 62 1.37 Tamenglong 23 2.48 Dhubri 62 1.37 Karbi Anglong 24 2.46 Nagaon 64 1.33 Dhemaji 25 2.45 West Sikkim 65 1.31 Tawang 26 2.44 South Sikkim 66 1.30 Upper Siang 27 2.43 Tinsukia 67 1.21 Chandel 28 2.35 Phek 68 1.20 Ukhrul 29 2.33 Kohima 69 1.19 Jorhat 29 2.33 Sonitpur 70 1.18 North Sibsagar 31 2.32 Tripura 71 1.15 West kameng 32 2.23 Tuensang 72 1.05 Lower Subansiri 33 2.19 Mokokchung 73 1.02 Dhalai District 34 2.14 Kiphire 74 0.97 Nalbari 35 2.12 West Tripura 75 0.96 20 East Siang Senapati Churachandpur Tirap Barpeta 36 37 38 39 40 1.95 1.91 1.91 1.79 1.76 Wokha East Sikkim Mon Dimapur Longleng ALL NE 21 76 77 78 79 80 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.64 1.84 Table 15: District Ranking on Education Infrastructure District Imphal West Nalbari Lakhimpur Hailakandi Thoubal Karimganj Sibsagar Barpeta Imphal East Kamrup Jorhat Morigaon Dhubri Nagaon Goalpara Bongaigaon East Khasi Hills Bishnupur Darrang Cachar Dibrugarh West Garo Hills West Tripura East Garo Hills Golaghat Kokrajhar Dhemaji Sonitpur Tinsukia South Tripura South Garo Hills Aizawl North Tripura Rhi-Bhoi West Khasi Hills Jaintia Hills Schools Rank per 100sq Kilometre 1 121.97 2 107.98 3 105.31 4 104.60 5 97.28 6 93.64 7 91.38 8 89.12 9 86.74 10 82.58 11 81.52 12 81.04 13 80.41 14 77.45 15 77.30 16 70.54 17 68.37 18 65.32 19 64.84 20 59.93 21 54.78 22 54.45 23 48.98 24 45.95 25 44.12 26 43.84 27 43.22 28 37.42 29 36.73 30 36.15 31 34.83 32 34.48 33 33.40 34 33.38 35 32.88 36 28.15 22 District Rank East Sikkim N.C. Hills Karbi Anglong Zunheboto Kolasib Saiha Senapati Lawngtlai Serchhip Lunglei West Sikkim Mokokchung Champhai Mon Churachandpur Lower Subansiri 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Schools per 100sq Kilometre 21.47 20.74 19.16 18.41 18.09 18.08 16.60 16.50 14.92 14.73 14.43 14.30 12.53 12.04 9.52 9.26 57 Kiphire Tuensang Longleng Phek Wokha Chandel Peren Tirap Papumpare Ukhrul Tamenglong Mamit Changlang Tawang East Kameng East Siang West Siang West kameng Upper Subansiri Lohit + Anjaw 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 9.06 8.88 8.81 8.79 8.48 8.39 7.92 7.62 7.34 7.22 6.29 5.82 4.44 4.37 4.23 3.63 3.60 2.24 2.23 1.97 Dhalai District Dimapur Kohima South Sikkim 37 38 39 40 77 27.50 26.97 25.46 22.80 North Sikkim Upper Siang Kurung Kumey Dibang Valley ALL NE 78 79 80 1.63 1.31 1.28 0.68 27.36 Table 16: District Ranking on Communication Infrastructure Post & Post & Telegraph Telegraph District Rank office per District Rank office per 10,000 10,000 Population Population Mamit North Sikkim Champhai Lunglei Serchhip Lawngtlai West Sikkim N.C. Hills Dibang Valley Saiha 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.17 6.34 6.27 5.25 5.01 4.62 3.89 3.88 3.81 3.77 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1.94 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.73 1.72 1.64 1.59 51 52 53 54 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.44 3.32 3.22 3.19 Cachar Kurung Kumey Dibrugarh Nalbari Papumpare West Tripura Peren Dimapur Karbi Anglong Golaghat East Garo Hills Karimganj Dhemaji Tuensang South Garo Hills Wokha Goalpara Aizawl Kolasib East Sikkim Tawang 11 12 13 14 3.50 3.49 3.47 3.34 East Siang North Tripura Tirap Lower Subansiri Lohit + Anjaw West kameng South Sikkim Upper Siang West Siang Jaintia Hills West Khasi Hills South Tripura Sibsagar Mokokchung Upper Subansiri Kohima Changlang 15 16 17 55 56 57 1.39 1.37 1.30 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.89 2.70 2.69 2.67 Morigaon Sonitpur Tinsukia Zunheboto Kiphire Nagaon Kamrup 58 58 60 60 62 63 64 1.28 1.28 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.20 25 25 27 28 2.50 2.50 2.48 2.42 Mon Kokrajhar Dhubri Barpeta 65 66 67 68 1.16 1.12 0.92 0.79 29 30 31 2.35 2.34 2.31 Bongaigaon Darrang Longleng 69 70 71 0.77 0.66 0.58 23 Phek Rhi-Bhoi East Kameng Jorhat Dhalai District East Khasi Hills Lakhimpur Hailakandi West Garo Hills 32 33 34 35 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.19 Chandel Imphal West Senapati Ukhrul 72 73 73 75 0.51 0.32 0.32 0.21 36 2.14 Bishnupur 76 0.19 37 38 39 2.04 2.02 2.01 Churachandpur 77 Imphal East 78 Thoubal 79 0.18 0.13 0.11 40 1.99 Tamenglong ALL NE 0.09 1.60 80 Table 17: District Ranking on Communication Infrastructure Post & Post & Telegraph Telegraph District Rank office District Rank office per 100 per 100 sq km sq km Sibsagar 1 9.78 Mon 40 1.68 North Tripura 2 9.33 Kolasib 42 1.66 Nalbari 3 9.30 Saiha 43 1.64 West Tripura 4 9.09 Lunglei 44 1.59 East Sikkim 5 8.82 Zunheboto 45 1.51 Karimganj 6 8.29 N.C. Hills 46 1.49 Hailakandi 7 8.21 Mamit 46 1.49 East Garo Lakhimpur 8 7.91 Hills 48 1.46 West Khasi Jorhat 9 7.68 Hills 49 1.41 Cachar 10 7.40 Tirap 50 1.35 Nagaon 11 7.07 Wokha 50 1.35 Kamrup 12 6.97 Lawngtlai 52 1.33 Lower Dibrugarh 13 6.48 Subansiri 53 1.29 Morigaon 14 6.38 Karbi Anglong 54 1.27 South Tripura 15 6.28 Tuensang 55 1.22 Goalpara 16 5.87 Kiphire 56 1.14 Dimapur 17 5.72 Bishnupur 57 0.81 Dhubri 18 5.40 Peren 58 0.79 South Sikkim 19 5.07 Longleng 58 0.79 Kohima 20 5.00 Thoubal 60 0.78 East Khasi Hills 21 4.79 Papumpare 61 0.77 South Garo West Sikkim 22 4.30 Hills 62 0.76 Golaghat 23 4.28 Imphal East 63 0.71 24 Sonitpur Barpeta Tinsukia Mokokchung Bongaigaon Aizawl Kokrajhar Darrang West Garo Hills Dhalai District Imphal West Dhemaji Champhai Jaintia Hills Serchhip Rhi-Bhoi Phek 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 4.06 4.01 3.72 3.41 3.25 3.19 2.85 2.84 East Siang Changlang North Sikkim Tawang Lohit + Anjaw West Siang East Kameng West kameng 64 64 64 67 68 69 70 71 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.38 0.37 0.31 0.30 32 2.77 Senapati 72 0.28 33 2.75 73 0.18 34 35 36 2.70 2.59 2.14 Chandel Upper Subansiri Dibang Valley 73 75 76 0.18 0.17 0.15 37 38 39 40 2.09 1.90 1.85 1.68 77 77 79 80 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.02 2.39 Upper Siang Churachandpur Kurung Kumey Ukhrul Tamenglong ALL NE Table 18: District Ranking on Communication Infrastructure District Telephone Exchange Rank per 10,000 Population Kolasib Saiha Serchhip Tawang Lower Subansiri 1 2 3 4 1.97 1.80 1.67 1.54 5 1.44 Lunglei Papumpare West kameng Upper Siang East Siang West Siang Dibang Valley 6 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 16 1.31 1.31 1.21 1.20 1.14 1.06 1.04 0.97 0.97 0.86 0.80 0.80 North Sikkim West Sikkim East Sikkim Jaintia Hills Mamit District West Garo Hills Chandel Phek Jorhat Dibrugarh Dhalai District Imphal West Bishnupur Nagaon Sibsagar Tinsukia Tuensang Hailakandi North Tripura Wokha Karimganj Kamrup 25 Telephone Exchange Rank per 10,000 Population 40 42 42 44 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 45 0.32 45 47 47 49 49 51 51 53 54 54 56 57 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 Rhi-Bhoi Champhai Upper Subansiri Changlang Lohit + Anjaw 18 19 0.78 0.74 Morigaon Karbi Anglong 57 59 0.23 0.22 20 20 22 0.72 0.72 0.70 59 61 62 0.22 0.21 0.20 South Sikkim Kohima Aizawl Tirap East Kameng East Khasi Hills East Garo Hills Kurung Kumey West Khasi Hills Lawngtlai South Tripura Mokokchung Cachar Zunheboto Golaghat N.C. Hills Dimapur Senapati 23 24 25 26 27 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.52 Peren West Tripura Imphal East South Garo Hills Thoubal Mon Churachandpur Tamenglong 62 64 64 66 66 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 28 0.51 Lakhimpur 66 0.18 29 30 0.48 0.47 Sonitpur Kokrajhar 66 70 0.18 0.17 31 32 33 33 35 35 37 38 39 40 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 Nalbari Dhemaji Barpeta Darrang Goalpara Dhubri Bongaigaon Kiphire Longleng Ukhrul ALL NE 71 72 73 73 73 76 77 78 79 80 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.30 Table 19: District Ranking on Communication Infrastructure Telephone Telephone Exchange Exchange District Rank District Rank per 100sq per 100sq Km Km West Garo Imphal West 1 2.50 Hills 41 0.48 East Sikkim 2 2.18 Zunheboto 41 0.48 East Garo Nagaon 3 1.64 Hills 43 0.46 Cachar 4 1.48 Bongaigaon 44 0.42 Thoubal 5 1.36 Kokrajhar 44 0.42 Dhalai Kohima 6 1.34 District 44 0.42 Karimganj 7 1.33 Lunglei 47 0.40 Kamrup 8 1.31 Senapati 48 0.31 Bishnupur 9 1.21 Tawang 49 0.28 East Khasi Hills 9 1.21 Mon 49 0.28 26 South Sikkim Dimapur Jorhat Morigaon Imphal East Dibrugarh Sibsagar West Sikkim West Tripura Hailakandi Golaghat South Tripura Kolasib Tinsukia Nalbari Saiha North Tripura Dhubri Lakhimpur Barpeta Jaintia Hills Rhi-Bhoi Serchhip Lower Subansiri 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1.20 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.13 1.12 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.03 22 23 24 25 26 1.01 0.94 0.82 0.80 0.79 27 28 29 30 Goalpara Sonitpur Darrang Aizawl Papumpare Mokokchung West Khasi Hills Dhemaji Champhai Tirap Phek Wokha Tuensang East Siang Changlang Karbi Anglong Mamit 51 51 51 51 51 51 57 58 59 60 60 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.17 62 62 64 64 64 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.65 N.C. Hills West Siang Chandel Lawngtlai West kameng South Garo Hills Longleng Peren Churachandpur 67 67 69 70 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 31 31 31 0.63 0.63 0.63 Lohit + Anjaw North Sikkim Kiphire 70 70 70 0.09 0.09 0.09 34 0.61 74 0.07 35 36 37 38 38 38 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 East Kameng Upper Subansiri Upper Siang Tamenglong Dibang Valley Ukhrul Kurung Kumey ALL NE 75 75 77 77 79 79 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.44 27 Table 20: District Ranking District Rank Hospital beds per 10,000 Population. East Sikkim 1 40.81 North Sikkim 2 31.68 Papumpare 3 29.67 East Siang 4 25.29 East Kameng 5 24.48 East Khasi Hills 6 23.71 Upper Siang 7 23.38 West Siang 8 22.81 Kamrup 9 22.39 Kohima 10 20.81 Upper Subansiri 11 20.60 West kameng 12 19.17 Tirap 13 18.64 Lower Subansiri 14 18.30 Lohit + Anjaw 15 17.77 South Sikkim 16 16.73 Imphal East 17 16.60 Imphal West 17 16.60 Phek 19 15.58 Dibang Valley 20 14.38 Aizawl 21 14.12 Kurung Kumey 22 14.11 Rhi-Bhoi 23 14.00 Tawang 24 13.87 Mokokchung 25 13.82 West Sikkim 26 13.79 Jaintia Hills 27 13.71 East Garo Hills 28 13.17 South Garo Hills 29 12.87 West Khasi Hills 30 12.84 Saiha 31 11.63 Zunheboto 32 11.49 Changlang 33 10.76 Tuensang 34 10.48 West Garo Hills 35 10.22 Peren 36 9.96 Tamenglong 37 9.87 28 on Health Infrastructure District Rank Hospital beds per 10,000 Population. Serchhip 41 9.28 Kolasib 42 9.10 Lunglei 43 8.74 Churachandpur 44 7.99 Mamit 45 7.96 Dhalai District 46 7.83 Wokha 47 7.32 South Tripura 48 7.04 Kiphire 49 6.97 Dimapur 50 6.81 Longleng North Tripura Chandel 51 52 53 6.74 6.63 6.25 Mon Karbi Anglong Champhai Bishnupur Senapati Jorhat Kokrajhar Nalbari Golaghat Lawngtlai Thoubal Dhemaji Lakhimpur Goalpara 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 5.70 5.58 5.54 5.38 5.04 4.72 4.57 4.46 4.33 4.07 3.90 3.64 3.28 3.16 Sonitpur 68 3.00 Sibsagar 69 2.93 Hailakandi Dhubri Darrang Morigaon Nagaon 70 71 72 73 74 2.84 2.58 2.34 2.29 2.26 Tinsukia Barpeta Bongaigaon 75 76 77 2.12 2.06 1.72 Ukhrul West Tripura N.C. Hills 38 39 40 9.52 9.48 9.46 Dibrugarh Karimganj Cachar ALL NE 78 79 80 1.62 1.59 1.05 7.12 Table 21: District Ranking on Health Infrastructure District Rank Hospital District Rank Hospital beds per beds per 100 sq 100 sq km km Imphal West 1 142.12 Karimganj 41 8.84 Kamrup 2 129.99 Mon 42 8.29 East Sikkim 3 103.73 Tirap 43 7.92 Lower Imphal East 4 92.44 Subansiri 44 7.74 East Khasi Hills 5 55.57 Bongaigaon 45 7.25 West Tripura 6 48.58 Wokha 45 7.25 West Khasi Kohima 7 44.38 Hills 47 7.24 South Garo South Sikkim 8 29.33 Hills 48 7.03 Thoubal 9 27.63 Kiphire 49 6.51 Nalbari 10 22.68 Tinsukia 50 6.44 Dimapur 11 22.65 Dhemaji 51 6.43 Bishnupur 12 22.58 Dibrugarh 52 5.68 Mokokchung 13 19.44 Saiha 53 5.08 North Tripura 14 19.25 East Siang 54 4.72 South Tripura 15 17.66 Peren 55 4.55 Jorhat 16 16.56 Senapati 56 4.37 West Sikkim 17 15.23 Karbi Anglong 57 4.35 Dhubri 18 15.08 Kolasib 58 4.34 West Garo Hills 19 14.27 Cachar 59 4.01 Goalpara 20 14.25 Churachandpur 60 3.98 Zunheboto 21 14.18 N.C. Hills 61 3.64 Nagaon 22 13.19 Serchhip 62 3.52 Aizawl 23 12.86 East Kameng 63 3.39 Lakhimpur 24 12.82 West Siang 64 3.10 East Garo Hills 25 12.68 North Sikkim 65 3.08 Papumpare 26 12.59 Ukhrul 66 2.95 Golaghat 27 11.71 Changlang 67 2.90 Kokrajhar 28 11.70 Lunglei 68 2.65 Hailakandi 29 11.61 Tamenglong 69 2.51 Sibsagar 30 11.54 Tawang 70 2.49 Morigaon 31 11.48 Lohit + Anjaw 71 2.24 Phek 32 11.40 Chandel 72 2.23 Rhi-Bhoi 33 11.36 West kameng 73 1.93 29 Jaintia Hills Barpeta 34 35 10.74 10.48 74 75 1.88 1.65 10.11 Champhai Mamit Upper Subansiri Darrang Dhalai District Sonitpur Longleng Tuensang 36 76 1.62 37 38 39 40 10.04 9.47 9.27 8.88 Upper Siang Lawngtlai Kurung Kumey Dibang Valley 77 78 79 80 1.26 1.17 0.68 0.64 10.59 ALL NE Table 22: District Ranking on Financial Infrastructure Bank Bank branches branches District Rank District Rank per 10,000 per 10,000 Population. Population. South Sikkim 1 4.03 Tirap 40 0.60 South Garo North Sikkim 2 1.95 Hills 42 0.59 Papumpare 3 1.89 Tinsukia 42 0.59 Serchhip 4 1.67 Mokokchung 44 0.57 Kolasib 5 1.52 Changlang 45 0.56 East Khasi Hills 6 1.50 Lawngtlai 46 0.54 Mamit 7 1.43 Lakhimpur 47 0.53 West Sikkim 8 1.38 Sibsagar 47 0.53 Tawang 9 1.28 East Kameng 49 0.52 Upper Siang 10 1.20 Golaghat 50 0.51 Aizawl 11 1.14 Wokha 51 0.50 East Siang 11 1.14 Cachar 52 0.49 Jaintia Hills 13 1.10 Sonitpur 53 0.48 Lower Subansiri 14 1.08 Kurung Kumey 54 0.47 West kameng 15 1.07 Zunheboto 55 0.45 West Siang 16 1.06 Karimganj 56 0.44 Rhi-Bhoi 17 0.99 Senapati 57 0.42 Dimapur 18 0.97 Chandel 57 0.42 Lunglei 19 0.95 Bongaigaon 57 0.42 Champhai 20 0.92 Nalbari 60 0.41 Kohima 21 0.90 Goalpara 61 0.40 West Tripura 22 0.89 Bishnupur 62 0.38 Dibang Valley 23 0.87 Nagaon 63 0.37 N.C. Hills 24 0.85 Tamenglong 64 0.36 Saiha 25 0.82 Barpeta 64 0.36 Kamrup 26 0.76 Hailakandi 66 0.35 West Khasi Hills 27 0.74 Morigaon 66 0.35 30 West Garo Hills East Sikkim South Tripura Imphal West East Garo Hills Upper Subansiri Jorhat Karbi Anglong Lohit + Anjaw North Tripura Dhalai District Phek Dibrugarh 28 28 28 31 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.72 Darrang Peren Dhemaji Imphal East 68 69 70 71 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.28 31 0.72 Ukhrul 71 0.28 31 34 35 36 36 0.72 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.63 Thoubal Tuensang Kokrajhar Dhubri Churachandpur 73 73 75 76 77 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.22 38 39 40 0.62 0.61 0.60 Kiphire Mon Longleng ALL NE 78 79 80 0.19 0.15 0.08 0.57 Table 23: District Ranking on Financial Infrastructure Banks per District Rank District Rank 100 sq km East Garo South Sikkim 1 7.07 Hills 41 Imphal West 2 6.17 Kokrajhar 42 West Tripura 3 4.54 Serchhip 43 Kamrup 4 4.42 Zunheboto 44 East Khasi Hills 5 3.51 Dhemaji 45 Dimapur 6 3.24 Karbi Anglong 46 Karimganj 7 2.43 Wokha 47 Lower Jorhat 8 2.28 Subansiri 48 Nagaon 9 2.16 Phek 49 West Khasi Dibrugarh 10 2.10 Hills 50 Sibsagar 10 2.10 Senapati 51 Nalbari 12 2.08 Saiha 52 Lakhimpur 13 2.06 N.C. Hills 53 South Garo Thoubal 14 1.95 Hills 54 Kohima 15 1.92 Champhai 55 Cachar 16 1.88 Mamit 56 East Sikkim 17 1.87 Lunglei 57 South Tripura 18 1.83 Tirap 58 31 Banks per 100 sq km 0.69 0.68 0.63 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.37 0.36 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.25 Barpeta North Tripura Goalpara Tinsukia Bongaigaon Morigaon Bishnupur Imphal East West Sikkim Sonitpur Hailakandi Darrang Golaghat Dhubri Aizawl West Garo Hills Jaintia Hills Rhi-Bhoi 19 1.82 Tawang 59 0.23 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 1.82 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.74 1.61 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.43 1.41 1.37 1.36 1.03 Tuensang Mon East Siang North Sikkim Kiphire Lawngtlai Chandel Changlang Peren West Siang Churachandpur West kameng Longleng Ukhrul 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 66 66 69 70 70 70 73 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09 34 1.02 Tamenglong 73 0.09 35 36 0.86 0.80 75 76 0.08 0.07 Papumpare Mokokchung Dhalai District Kolasib 36 36 0.80 0.80 Lohit + Anjaw East Kameng Upper Subansiri Upper Siang Dibang Valley 77 77 0.06 0.06 39 40 0.79 0.72 79 80 0.04 0.02 0.85 Kurung Kumey ALL NE …………. 32