Shoulder Girdle HO Includes clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus Shoulder AP (internal rotation): - 10 x 12 crosswise - acromion, surgical neck of humerus, lesser tubercle of humerus, and at least half of clavicle should be seen (depending on Radiologist’s preference) - glenohumeral joint adequately penetrated and visible - lesser tubercle demonstrated in profile near the glenoid cavity Shoulder AP (external rotation): - 10 x 12 crosswise - acromion, surgical neck of humerus, lesser tubercle of humerus, and at least half of clavicle should be seen (depending on Radiologist’s preference) - glenohumeral joint adequately penetrated and visible - greater tubercle should be demonstrated in profile laterally Axillary shoulder (Lawrence method): - glenohumeral joint, acromion process, coracoid process, and surgical neck of humerus should be included on film - glenohumeral joint adequately penetrated and seen on film - coracoid process should be seen anteriorly and acromion process should be visualized through the humeral head “Y” shoulder: - acromion process, coracoid process, and inferior angle of the scapula should be included on the film - penetration and density should be sufficient to demonstrate humeral head through the scapula - scapula superimposed over humerus with acromion, coracoid, and body of scapula appearing as a “Y” shape. Note: location of the humeral head inferior to the coracoid process indicates anterior dislocation; humeral head beneath acromion process indicates posterior dislocation AP Clavicle: - entire clavicle, sternoclavicular joint, and acromioclavicular joint included on film - penetrated so that lateral clavicle not overexposed, yet medial is clear and visible - medial half of clavicle superimposed over ribs and lung AP Axial Clavicle: - entire clavicle, sternoclavicular joint, and acromioclavicular joint included on film - penetrated so that lateral clavicle not overexposed, yet medial is clear and visible - most of clavicle should be projected above thorax AP scapula: - entire scapula included on film - bony trabeculae visualized while lung detail should be blurred - medial half of scapula superimposed over ribs and lungs - humerus at 90 degree angle with thorax Lateral scapula: - acromion process, coracoid process, and inferior angle of the scapula should be included on the film - penetration and density should be sufficient to demonstrate humeral head through the scapula - vertebral and axillary borders superimposed and body of scapula separated from thorax Acromioclavicular Joints: - Bilateral exposure if possible - SC joints equidistant from spine (no rotation) - penetrated so that lateral clavicles not overexposed, yet medial clavicles are clear and visible - should be done upright on expiration - one exposure with weights and one without weights… and marked appropriately