1.
Chapter 10 & 11 Test Study Guide KEY
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core.
2. The lithosphere is made of the crust and the
upper mantle.
1.
Chapter 10 & 11 Test Study Guide KEY
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core.
2. The lithosphere is made of the crust and the
upper mantle.
3. The middle mantle and convection currents.
3. The middle mantle and convection currents.
4. The name of the supercontinent that existed
4. The name of the supercontinent that existed
millions of years ago.
5. Alfred Wegener hypothesized continental
millions of years ago.
5. Alfred Wegener hypothesized continental
drift, a theory that the earth once was a
drift, a theory that the earth once was a
single landmass.
single landmass.
6. The geological theory that the lithosphere is
constantly moving.
7. When plates move away from one another (at
6. The geological theory that the lithosphere is
constantly moving.
7. When plates move away from one another (at
a divergent boundary) molten material rises
a divergent boundary) molten material rises
at the mid-ocean ridge, creating new ocean
at the mid-ocean ridge, creating new ocean
floor.
floor.
8. Sonar.
8. Sonar.
9. The pieces of the lithosphere move because
9. The pieces of the lithosphere move because
of the convection currents inside the
of the convection currents inside the
asthenosphere.
asthenosphere.
10. Oceanic crust is denser because it has cooled
and hardened.
10. Oceanic crust is denser because it has cooled
and hardened.
11. Crust near the mid ocean ridge is younger.
11. Crust near the mid ocean ridge is younger.
12. Divergent, convergent, and transform
12. Divergent, convergent, and transform
boundaries.
13. At a divergent boundary plates move away
boundaries.
13. At a divergent boundary plates move away
from one another. At a convergent boundary
from one another. At a convergent boundary
plates move towards one another. At a
plates move towards one another. At a
transform boundary the plates slide passed
transform boundary the plates slide passed
one another.
one another.
14. A mountain range.
14. A mountain range.
15. Oceanic crust is more dense, therefore the
15. Oceanic crust is more dense, therefore the
oceanic crust will sink below the continental
oceanic crust will sink below the continental
crust if they collide.
crust if they collide.
16. The process by which the ocean floor sinks
16. The process by which the ocean floor sinks
beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into
beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into
the mantle.
the mantle.
17. A rift valley forms when plates move away
from one another.
17. A rift valley forms when plates move away
from one another.
18. Mid-ocean ridge.
18. Mid-ocean ridge.
19. A convergent boundary. Deep ocean trench.
19. A convergent boundary. Deep ocean trench.
20. At point Z, the oceanic crust is sinking below
20. At point Z, the oceanic crust is sinking below
the continental crust; this is called a
the continental crust; this is called a
subduction zone.
subduction zone.
21. A force that acts on rock to change its shape
or volume.
21. A force that acts on rock to change its shape
or volume.
22. Shearing, compression, and tension.
22. Shearing, compression, and tension.
23. Shearing.
23. Shearing.
24. Compression.
24. Compression.
25. At all three types of boundaries.
25. At all three types of boundaries.
26. Primary, secondary, and surface waves.
26. Primary, secondary, and surface waves.
27. Primary wave.
27. Primary wave.
28. Secondary Wave.
28. Secondary Wave.
29. P waves.
29. P waves.
30. Surface waves move much slower.
30. Surface waves move much slower.
31. Focus.
32. An aftershock.
31. Focus.
32. An aftershock.
33. Along a mid-ocean ridge and where a plate
33. Along a mid-ocean ridge and where a plate
subducted.
subducted.
34. Cinder, Composite, and Shield volcanoes.
34. Cinder, Composite, and Shield volcanoes.
35. Composite.
36. When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a
steep pile around a volcano’s vent.
37. According to the theory of plate tectonics,
the lithosphere is made up of a number of
plates that contain oceanic and continental
crust. These plates are in constant slow
motion, driven by convection currents in the
mantle. As they move, the plates collide, pull
apart, or grind past each other, creating
landforms on Earth’s surface.
38. Rock from a mountain range in Africa matches
up with similar rock in South America,
suggesting that the two were once joined. A
type of fossil plant has been found on both
continents. The seedlike structures of this
plant could not have traveled the great
distances now separating the continents.
Therefore, it seems likely that the two
landmasses once were joined
39. According to the theory of continental drift,
the continents once were joined together in a
single landmass. The continents have since
moved slowly over Earth’s surface to their
present positions. On a map, the outlines of
some present-day continents look as if the
continents could fit together like pieces of a
jigsaw puzzle.
40. Pangaea is slowing being broken up until the
continents move to where they are today.
35. Composite.
36. When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a
steep pile around a volcano’s vent.
37. According to the theory of plate tectonics,
the lithosphere is made up of a number of
plates that contain oceanic and continental
crust. These plates are in constant slow
motion, driven by convection currents in the
mantle. As they move, the plates collide, pull
apart, or grind past each other, creating
landforms on Earth’s surface.
38. Rock from a mountain range in Africa matches
up with similar rock in South America,
suggesting that the two were once joined. A
type of fossil plant has been found on both
continents. The seedlike structures of this
plant could not have traveled the great
distances now separating the continents.
Therefore, it seems likely that the two
landmasses once were joined
39. According to the theory of continental drift,
the continents once were joined together in a
single landmass. The continents have since
moved slowly over Earth’s surface to their
present positions. On a map, the outlines of
some present-day continents look as if the
continents could fit together like pieces of a
jigsaw puzzle.
40. Pangaea is slowing being broken up until the
continents move to where they are today.