Atomic Structure and Types of Atoms
Atomic Structure
The ___________________________
of an atom contains _____________________________
___________________________ that together make up nearly all of an atom’s _____________.
The only exception
is the nucleus of the _____________________________atom, which usually consists of a
single ________________________.
A ____________________________________________
made of a series of energy levels occupies
__________________________________________ of an atom.
Size of an Atom If the nucleus of an atom were the size of a pencil eraser on home plate of this baseball field,
its electrons could be farther away than the outfield.
A carbon atom consists of protons and neutrons
in a nucleus that is surrounded by electrons.
Applying Concepts What effect do the neutrons
in the nucleus have on the atom’s electric
charge?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Comparing Particle Masses
Although
__________________________ occupy most of an atom’s _____________________, they don’t
account for much of its mass.
It
takes almost ____________________ electrons to equal the mass of just ____________________.
On
the other hand, a proton and a neutron are about ______________________________________.
Together,
the _____________________________________ make up nearly ___________________
___________________ of an atom.
Atoms
are _______________ to be measured in everyday units of mass, such as grams or kilograms.
Instead,
A
scientists use units known as __________________________________________________.
proton or a neutron has a mass equal to about ______________________________.
The mass
of an electron is about _________________________________.
Atoms and Elements
Each
element consists of ____________________________________________ from the atoms of all other
elements.
One thing that
makes each atom different is the __________________________________________ found in
its nucleus.
_______________________________________
Therefore,
have the same number of protons.
an element ________________________________________________ by the number of protons
in the nucleus of its atoms.
Atomic Number
Every atom

of an element has the _____________________________________________________.
For example, the nucleus of every carbon atom contains ________________________________.
Every ____________________________
atom has 8 protons, and every _______________ atom has 26
protons.
Each
element has a unique atomic number—____________________________________________
________________________________.
Carbon’s
atomic number is 6, oxygen’s is 8, and iron’s is 26.
Isotopes
Although all atoms of an element have the same number of protons, their number of ______________ can vary.
Atoms
with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons are called
_________________________________ (eye suh tohps).
Three isotopes
Each
An
of carbon are illustrated in Figure 3.
carbon atom has 6 protons, but you can see that the number of neutrons is ________________.
isotope is identified by its mass number, which is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom.
The most
common isotope of carbon has a mass number of 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons) and may be written as
“carbon-12.”
Two
As
other isotopes are carbon-13 and carbon-14.
shown in Figure 3, a symbol with the mass number above and the atomic number below may also be used
to represent an isotope.
Although
these carbon atoms have different mass numbers, all carbon atoms react the same way chemically.
Isotopes Atoms of all isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons, but they differ in their number of neutrons.
Carbon-12 is the most common isotope.
Interpreting Diagrams Which isotope of carbon has the largest mass number? __________________
Ions
Atoms
An
can also change the number of _________________________ they have.
atom with an __________________ number of protons and electrons is electrically __________________.
Atoms
When
can _____________________________________________________ electrons with other atoms.
an atom has more or less electrons than protons, it is called an _____________.
Ions
are __________________________________________.
Ions
can either have __________________________ which would result in an overall ___________________
_______________ atom, or ________________________________ which would result in an overall
_____________________________________________atom.
Fill in the chart below with the three particles found in an atom.
Particle
Found
Size (amu)
Charge
Diagram of an atom: Draw and label and atom with 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons
below.