Assiut university researches
Studies on Lead, Cadmium and Copper in
Oils Sold in Assiut Governorate
‫درا سات عن ال ر صاص وال كادم يوم وال نحاس ف ي‬
‫ال زي وت ال م باعة ب محاف ظة أ س يوط‬
Ramdan Omar Abdel-Sabour Ahmed
‫رم ضان عمر ع بدال ص بور أحمد‬
Tawfik Abdel-Rahman El-Bassiony, Mohmmed Saad Sabreen,
Zakaria Mokhtar Zaky, Ali Ibrahim Ali Mansour
‫ ع لى‬،‫ زك ري ة مخ تار زك ى‬،‫ محمد س عد ص بري ن‬،‫ت وف يق ع بدال رحمن ال ب س يون ى‬
‫إب راه يم ع لى م ن صور‬
Abstract:
One hundred and twenty oil samples were collected randomly
from different places of Assiut governorate, Egypt over one
year from March 2010 to March 2011 including both fresh
(corn, sunflower and oil supply, 30 samples of each) and
falafel shops (20 samples) & fish goods (10 samples) oil
samples. The thirty fresh oil supply samples were analyzed
after equally frying of falafel or fish for one time. Seven fresh
oil samples were heated after intervals time (5, 10, 15, 20 and
25 min). The samples were taken in clean dry wide mouth
glass bottles and transported under refrigerator conditions to
the laboratory for estimation of Pb, Cd and Cu levels. The
metal analysis of the samples was carried out in the Central
Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University, Egypt. All oil samples were analyzed for detection
and/or measurement of Pb, Cd and Cu by using of ZEEnit
700P Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with Graphite
Furnace Unite (AASG) (Perkin-Elmer Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry model 2380, USA). The obtained results
can be summarized as follow: 1.Incidence and levels of Pb,
Cd and Cu in fresh oil samples: •The incidence in corn oil
samples were 13.3, 23.3 and 13.3% of Pb, Cd and Cu;
respectively. While the average levels were 0.118, 0.215 and
0.278 mg/kg; respectively. •The incidence in sunflower oil
samples were 16.7, 40.0 and 6.7 % of Pb, Cd and Cu;
respectively. While the average levels were 0.211, 0.195 and
0.167 mg/kg; respectively. •The incidence in fresh oil supply
samples were 20.0, 13.3 and 10.0 % of Pb, Cd and Cu;
respectively. While the average levels were 0.426, 0.143 and
1.730 mg/kg; respectively. 2. Incidence and levels of Pb, Cd
and Cu in falafel shops & fish goods oil samples: •The
incidence in falafel shops oil samples were 100, 100 and 25%
of Pb, Cd and Cu; respectively. While the average levels
were 1.990, 0.300 and 5.476 mg/kg; respectively. •The
incidence in fish goods oil samples were 100, 100 and 40% of
Pb, Cd and Cu; respectively. While the average levels were
2.030, 0.806 and 5.135 mg/kg; respectively. 3. Incidence and
levels of Pb, Cd and Cu in oil supply samples after frying
falafel & fish for one time: •The incidence in oil supply
samples after frying falafel for one time were 13.3, 13.3 and
6.7% of Pb, Cd and Cu; respectively. While the average
levels were 0.147, 0.219 and 0.345 mg/kg; respectively. •The
incidence in oil supply samples after frying fish for one time
were 26.7, 26.7 and 13.3% of Pb, Cd and Cu; respectively.
While the average levels were 0.736, 0.241 and 2.704 mg/kg;
respectively. 4. Effect of adequate heat treatment of fresh oil
supply samples on lead levels: •The level of Pb in control
samples was increased from non detected to 0.590, 0.700,
0.790, 0.950 and 1.110 mg\kg after heating oil samples for 5,
10, 15, 20 and 25 min; respectively. While, the standards
samples (1), (2) & (3) were increased from 0.400 to 1.530,
1.610, 1.740, 1.840 & 1.980; 1.580,1.670, 1.780, 1.940 &
2.130 and 1.590, 1.710, 1.840, 1.930 & 2.150 mg/kg;
respectively after heating oil samples at the same time
intervals. •The level of Pb in positive samples (1) & (3) was
increased from 0.052 to 1.470, 1.560, 1.650, 1.770 & 1.920
and 1.400, 1.700, 1.930, 2.100 & 2.190; respectively, while
the positive sample (2) the level was increased from 2.185 to
3.270, 3.410, 3.490, 3.620 & 3.740; respectively after heating
oil samples at the same intervals of time. 5. Effect of
adequate heat treatment of fresh oil supply samples on
cadmium levels: •The level of Cd in control samples was
increased from non detected to 1.070, 1.250, 1.490, 1.650
and 1.910 mg\kg after heating oil samples for 5, 10, 15, 20
and 25 min; respectively. While, the standards samples (1),
(2) & (3) were increased from 0.400 to 4.230, 5.010, 6.120,
6.910 & 8.120; 4.710, 5.640, 6.590, 7.430 & 8.720 and 4.920,
5.820, 6.740, 7.520 & 8.910 mg/kg; respectively after heating
oil samples at the same time intervals •The level of Cd in
positive samples (1) was increased from 0.075 to 1.420,
1.700, 1.980, 2.290 & 2.640 mg/kg, while the positive sample
(2) the level was increased from 0.406 to 4.550, 4.820, 5.150,
5.370 & 5.810 mg/kg; Also, the positive sample (3) the level
was increased from 0.070 to 1.400, 1.700, 1.980, 2.260 &
2.610; respectively after heating oil samples at the same
intervals of time. 6. Effect of adequate heat treatment of fresh
oil supply samples on copper levels: •The level of Cu in
control samples was increased from non detected to 0.620,
0.810, 0.970, 1.240 and 1.450 mg\kg after heating oil
samples for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min; respectively. While, the
standards samples (1), (2) & (3) were increased from 0.400 to
5.310, 5.900, 6.440, 6.970 & 7.190; 5.440, 6.120, 6.730,
7.420 & 7.920 and 4.950, 5.330, 5.760, 6.220 & 6.910 mg/kg;
respectively after heating oil samples at the same intervals of
time. •The level of Cu in positive samples (1) was increased
from 4.690 to 10.310, 11.560, 12.910, 14.110 & 15.520
mg/kg, while, the positive sample (2) the level was increased
from 0.206 to 2.250, 2.920, 3.550, 4.160 & 4.840 mg/kg;
while, the positive sample (3) the level was increased from
0.294 to 2.710, 3.120, 3.470, 3.920 & 4.370; respectively
after heating oil samples at the same intervals of time. 7.
Percentages of samples above the MPLs in fresh oil samples:
•The data cleared that 6.7, 6.7 and 6.7% out of the examined
samples were above the MPL for lead in corn, sunflower and
oil supply samples; respectively. While, all samples in corn oil
and oil supply were below MPL for cadmium and 3.3% of the
examined sample were above MPL in sunflower oil. Likewise
10, 6.7 and 6.7% of the samples were above the MPL for
copper in corn, sunflower and oil supply, respectively. 8.
Percentages of samples above the MPLs in falafel shops &
fish goods oil samples: •All examined oil samples were above
the MPL for lead in falafel shops and fish goods oil samples,
while there were 10 and 80% out of the examined samples
were above the MPL for cadmium in falafel shops and fish
goods oil samples; respectively. And, the percentages were
25 and 40% for cooper. 9. Percentages of samples above the
MPLs in oil supply samples after frying falafel & fish for one
time: •The examined oil supply samples show that 13.3 and
20% of the samples were above the MPL for lead in oil supply
after frying falafel and fish for one time; respectively, while all
examined samples were below the MPL for cadmium in oil
supply samples after frying falafel for one time, and there
were 6.7% of samples were above the MPL in oil supply after
frying fish. Likewise, there were 6.7 and 13.3% of the
examined samples above the MPL for copper in oil supply
after frying falafel and fish for one time. 10. Comparison of
standard Pb, Cd and Cu intakes with the average estimated
intakes in oil samples (mg/kg/b.w.). •The estimated weekly
intake (EWI) for lead according to average were 0.337,
0.603,1.220, 5.690, 5.800, 0.420 and 2.100 mg/kg b.w. for
corn, sunflower, fresh oil supply, falafel shops, fish goods, oil
supply after frying falafel and oil supply after frying fish;
respectively. •The EWI for cadmium according to average
was 0.615, 0.557, 0.408, 0.858, 2.300, 0.626, and 0.689
mg/kg b.w. in corn, sunflower, fresh oil supply, falafel shops,
fish goods, oil supply after frying falafel and oil supply after
frying fish’ respectively. •The EWI for copper according to
average were 0.795, 0.477, 4.940, 15.650, 14.680, 0.987and
7.700 mg/kg bw.; in corn, sunflower, fresh oil supply, falafel
shops, fish goods, oil supply after frying falafel and oil supply
after frying fish.