Guidance booklet Phase 2 Using a lesson study CPD approach Raising attainment of students with MLD Communication If you have any queries about the lesson study please email: A.J.Paterson@exeter.ac.uk or A.P.Ylonen@exeter.ac.uk or your assigned consultant. Discuss your experiences of the lesson study by logging onto The Exeter Research Network (TERN). www.elac.ex.ac.uk/TERN Here you can ask questions to phase 1 teachers, the project team or share your progress with phase 2 teachers. Project resources All project resources and blank templates will be posted on the project website at: www.lessonstudymld.org.uk Look under the resources section to locate what you need. Key Project Language Phrase Lesson Study Research Lesson Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Moderate Learning Difficulties* Description A sequence of 3 research lessons usually taking place over one academic term. A single research lesson forms part of the lesson study sequence and has a particular focus the teacher is working on and evaluating. This is the first phase which starts in Sep 2010 and runs until July 2011. This phase will work on teaching innovation by core group of teachers. The second phase begins in Sep 2011 and runs until Marsch 2012. In this phase the new outer core of teachers’ trial materials and outcomes from phase one with a new group of students. This key objective of this phase is to refine and design materials and dissemination activities. This phases timeline is likely to commence in July 2011 and run until Aug 2012. For the purposes of the project MLD refers to students which are listed as such in the SEN school census data. * Definition of Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD), there is contention over the education definition of MLD, the terms used, its range and causation. This is partly about whether the category refers to general low attainment per se or whether it involves both general low attainment and low general intellectual functioning as indicated by low general cognitive abilities, as measured by cognitive ability or IQ tests in the 50/55-70 range (Norwich and Kelly (2005). (DfES (2003) Data Collection by Type of SpecialEducational Needs) Lesson study steps Step Activity Notes Resources 1 Analyse and review current practice Decide who you can work with to carry out the lesson study. Look at timeline Reflect on your current approaches to assessment and planning. (To be collected in and photocopied) Identify colleagues to work on the lesson study. Assessment, planning and pedagogic surveys. Review the guidance and expectations on timeline and choose which teacher will lead the Lesson Study We need to build on best practice. What information is required? What research evidence is available? What aspect of learning behaviour do you expect will change in the MLD students by the end of the lesson study? Review an exemplar plan and then plan the first research lesson. Lesson study Timeline & schedule of activities. Review and exemplar. Use the observation sheet to take notes against indicated expectations of case pupils Example observation sheet and pupil interview questions (Blank planning sheet & observation sheet available on the website) Look over the evidence, discuss and plan the next research lesson in light of findings. Review the progress of case pupils and record their achieved goals. Evidence from lesson - pictures, film, audio, copies of work and observation notes 2 3 4 Decide on the pedagogic focus 5 Decide on the goals for the focus students. 6 7 8 9 10 Together plan a study lesson with the focus group in mind Teach, and together observe and assess the learning of focus group Review and planning meeting, Review the achieved outcomes. Decide how to share the learning and disseminate the approach to others Create case report and poster. Plan how to share the findings in school. Planning sheet (Copies available on website) Research papers on project website Goal monitoring evaluation (GME) booklet (Blank GME templates available on website) Example lesson plan (Blank lesson planning sheet available on the website) Goal monitoring evaluation (GME) booklet (Blank GME templates available on website) (Case study exemplar on website) (Blank case report template on website) The Lesson Study Process Step 1 : Analyse and review current practice Survey : MLD assessment, planning and pedagogic approaches Consider the possible approaches that you currently use when assessing, planning for, and teaching pupils identified as having MLD in your class. Please read the broad kinds of approaches and specific approaches under these headings and then tick the relevant boxes about the extent to which you have recently used this approach (not at all; slightly; fairly often; or, a lot). If you have used approaches that are not listed, you can add these on the empty lines after each broad approach. There is space to add further comments at the end. Please also give your name and the name of your school at the end of the survey. Thank you! Current approach 1. Assessment for learning / assessment of learning i. pupils aware of learning objectives/ targets ii. pupils use success criteria checklists iii. checking understanding during lesson iv. checking outcomes at end of lessons v. specific observations of pupils carried out vi. discussions with pupils – oral feedback provided vii. written feedback, including next steps provided iv. use of Assessing Pupil Progress (APP) and NC levels Other (please specify below and tick one of options): v. vi. 2. Planning i. planning with colleagues (including TAs) ii. planning for the whole-class iii. planning for groups iv. planning for individual pupils v. Task level : planning the same task enabling different learning outcomes vi.Task level : planning the same broad task; refined for different levels (using different materials e.g. worksheets) vii. Task level: planning different tasks and providing supporting resources Other (please specify below and tick one of options): viii. . ix. 3a. . Broad pedagogic approach : pedagogic methods and assumptions i. scaffolding ii. one to one coaching iii. independent learning Other (please specify below and tick one of options): iv. v. 3b. Broad pedagogic approach : activity based learning i. Role play ii. active starters Other : please specify below and tick one of the options iii. Not at all Slightly Fairly often A lot iv. 3c..Broad pedagogic approach: Input modes (multi- modal/sensory approaches) i. ICT/powerpoints/interactive whiteboard ii. instructions in various modes (e.g. verbal and written) iii. using tactile resources iv. use of video/audio v. use of pictures/visual materials Other (please specify below and tick one of options): Vi vii. 4. Cognitive demand: memory/consolidation i. use visuals to enhance memory (e.g. pictures) ii. repetition to support memory iii. build on previous lesson/learning Other (please specify below and tick one of options): iv. v. 5. Motivational approaches i. making tasks achievable ii. positive encouragement/praise iii. challenge-based tasks iv. using concrete stickers/certificates v. sanctions/rules Other (please specify below and tick one of options): vi. vii. 6a. Learning relationships: grouping and peer support i. use of group activities ii. use of paired work iii. use grouping of similar attainments / abilities / characteristics iv. use grouping of mixed attainments/ abilities / characteristics v. allocation of group roles vi. teaching group interaction/discussion vii. peer assessment Other (please specify below and tick one of options): viii. ix. 6b. Learning relationships: adult-pupil communication i. different kinds of questioning (e.g. open or targeted) ii. developing interpersonal relationships (e.g. focus on building positive relationships) Other (please specify below and tick one of options): iii. iv. 7.. Working with additional adults Teaching Assistants (TAs/ LSAs) i. before lesson guidance (e.g. being aware of lesson objectives, involved in planning) ii. during lesson guidance (e.g. supervising selected pupils, working with groups) Other (please specify below and tick one of options): iii. iv. 8. Further comments: Your name: Your school: Any information you have given in this survey will be strictly confidential. Any subsequent reporting of the data will be in anonymised form. Step 2 Plan who will be in your lesson study group? When thinking about who will be in your lesson study group it is important to consider what adults are available and who would be useful. Are there teaching assistants assigned to the class? Is there a technician available to help you film aspects of the lesson? Are there any student teachers who would like to participate and help with observing pupils and collaborating in the review/ planning meetings? Step 2: Plan who is in the lesson study group – which colleagues can and will work with me on the lesson study. Name School Role Lesson Study Role Step 3 – Timeline Guidance (Phase 2 expectations) Timeline Role of Teacher 1 Others in LS team Role of Teacher 2 (SLT, TA’s, LSAs, ITT students, technicians, governors) Observation role support in planning and review October November Lead teacher in lesson study Observation role support in planning and review December Observation role support in planning and review January February March Observation role support in planning and review Lead teacher in lesson study Step 3 Timeline - Lesson Study 1 - Autumn term schedule of activities The following timelines are given to you as a guide and we suggest you try and follow this to ensure you complete all the required activities. However we appreciate that there may be some slippage or change required due to timetables and school based activities. Week 1 17th October Week 2 31st October Week 3 7th November Plan the lesson study team, the teacher who will lead the first lesson study and pick the appropriate lessons. Drawing on research and teacher knowledge plan the overarching lesson study focus and the first research lesson. Complete goal expectations for focus pupils. Deliver the first research lesson, with colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence, plan the second research lesson. Week 4 Deliver the second research lesson, with th 14 November colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence, plan the third research lesson. Week 5 Deliver the third research lesson, with st 21 November colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence. Fill out the achieved goals for focus pupils in Week 6 th 28 November goal attainment expectations template. Week 7 5th December Reflect on all you have learnt and create a poster and case report about your lesson study. (Poster instructions and case report template are on the website) January 3rd Ensure case report is complete Send the filled out goal expectations template back to Annamari. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk Log onto research network and share your first research lesson experience with others what went well, what did not? www.elac.ex.ac.uk/TERN Send Annamari your achieved attainment scaling report. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk goal Log onto the research network Did the pupils achieve what you expected what have you learnt? www.elac.ex.ac.uk/TERN Send Annamari your case report. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk Step 3 Timeline -Lesson study 2 – Spring term Timeline Week 1 2nd January Week 2 9th January Activity Plan the lesson study team, the teacher who will lead the first lesson study and pick the appropriate lessons. Drawing on research and teacher knowledge plan the overarching lesson study focus and the first research lesson. Complete goal expectations for focus pupils. Week 3 16th January Deliver the first research lesson, with colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence, plan the second research lesson. Week 4 23rd January Deliver the second research lesson, with colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence, plan the third research lesson. Deliver the third research lesson, with colleagues observing. Interview pupils, review progress and evidence. Week 5 30th January Data required by research team Send the filled out goal expectations template back to Annamari. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk Log onto research network and share your first research lesson experience with others what went well, what did not? www.elac.ex.ac.uk/TERN Week 6 6th February Fill out the achieved goals for focus pupils in goal attainment expectations template. Send Annamari your achieved goal attainment scaling report. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk Week 7 20th February Reflect on all you have learnt and create a poster and case report about your lesson study. (Poster instructions and case report Log onto the research network Did the pupils achieve what you expected what have you learnt? template are on the website) www.elac.ex.ac.uk/TERN Week commencing 27th February Send Annamari your completed case report. a.p.ylonen@exeter.ac.uk Final conference Wednesday 29th February Step 4 Research sheet – what has worked for other teachers and students? We need to build on best practice. What teaching approaches did teachers from phase 1 of this project find useful for students with MLD? • • • • • • • • • • Differentiation e.g. extension tasks if finish early or to stretch; specific learning objectives; smaller chunks - tasks broken down Multi-modal/sensory approaches e.g. regular use of film, music; recording and watching pupils at work Grouping and peer relationships/support e.g. layout of classroom and groupings in attempts to maximise learning Assessment of learning e.g. repeating a diagram in reverse to check understanding Motivational approaches e.g. use of lots of praise and encouragement, including developing peers to recognise positive aspects of one another's work Working with additional adults e.g. TAs deployed to support pupils in order to encourage independence Adult-pupil communication e.g. structured questions to help pupils access key information and concepts Memory and consolidation e.g. verbal, visual, practical reminders throughout lesson: repeating the learning to mastery before moving on, retrieving information for themselves instead of being teacher-lead Activity based learning e.g. role play Pedagogic methods/assumptions e.g. scaffolding and one-to-one coaching What information can our colleagues in school contribute? Are there any teachers with specialist SEN knowledge or research awareness? What research evidence is available about supporting pupils with MLD? (The project website has links to these texts) 1) Raising levels of achievement for pupils with MLD, reported pedagogic strategies. Norwich, B and Ylonen A (2011) 2) Special teaching for special needs children? Pedagogies for inclusion. Lewis, A and Norwich, B. (2004). Open University Press 3) Cognition and learning: Moderate learning difficulties, Self-study task 6, TDA. 4) Special teaching for special needs children? Pedagogies for inclusion. Lewis, a and Norwich, B. (2004). Open University Press 5) Working memory, but not IQ, predicts subsequent learning in children with learning difficulties. Alloway, T.P. (2009). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 92-98. http://tracyalloway.com Following some investigation of the literature and discussions with your team begin to consider what your lesson study focus may be. Step 5 – Planning the overarching lesson study focus and expectations for the case pupils. In this step you should simply fill out the lesson study template and details of case pupils’ individual goals and expected attainment. You will complete their actual achieved attainment in step 9 once the lesson study is complete. You will need the GME guidance booklet and guidance and blank templates which are all available from the website. Complete the three goals per pupil and list the baseline and expected outcomes for each pupil. Save a copy for your own record and send a copy to Annamari. A.P.Ylonen@exeter.ac.uk In the example below you can see how a school from phase 1 has planned their lesson study topic and overarching aims and listed the criteria of case pupils the baseline, expected and achieved goals. The Lesson Study team at this special school involved two SEN Specialist teachers in MLD and EBSD. The Lesson Study cycle was carried out in an English class with 9 pupils and 2 TLAs (Key Stage 3) over a period of 8 months from November 2010 to July 2011. There were two case pupils identified as having MLD in this class - both pupils had statements of SEN. GME template for Lesson Study 1. Lesson Study overview Lesson Study title: Using Lesson Study to develop teaching approaches that help students with SEN through speaking and listening tasks: (subject, topic, theme) English KS3 LS general aims To use speaking and listening, role play and source analysis that would demonstrate pupils’ knowledge and understanding of different types of text Class details Mixed ability or set Mixed If set, what level n/a No pupils in class 15 Case pupil with MLD 1: Any other SENs in addition to MLD No SA, SA plus or Statement Statement Particular focus/ concerns Significant difficulties in verbal and written language, lack of confidence especially when under pressure, needs information repeated, unable and/or unwilling to work independently Details of latest APP level(s) in LS subject APP English December 2010: 3a Case pupil with MLD 2: Any other SENs in addition to MLD No SA, SA plus or Statement Statement Particular focus/ concerns Inappropriate social behaviours (e.g. aggression towards other pupils and staff), needs information re-worded or simplified, difficulties in understanding abstract concepts and in socialisation with peers Details of latest APP level(s) in LS subject APP English December 2010: 2a LS research questions (2-3) Pupil 1: How can Pupil A be more frequently engaged in group activities when emphasis is on using key vocabulary? How can Pupil A’s language and communication skills be developed in order for her to attend to and complete designated tasks? Pupil 2: How can Pupil B be more frequently engaged in group activities when emphasis is on fostering co-operative and appropriate social behaviour? How can Pupil B work more independently without getting so easily distracted? 2. Case pupil 1: details GOAL 1 Be more frequently engaged in group activities when emphasis is on using key vocabulary Rating scale: Low Baseline High X Expected X Achieved X Baseline Is often disengaged in group activities when she needs to use vocabulary descriptor Specific evidence for Because of problems in written and verbal language tends to be disengaged and not participate descriptor Expected More frequent engagement in group activities descriptor Specific evidence for descriptor Achieved descriptor Specific evidence for descriptor Increased participation, improved speech, increased confidence Step 6: Together plan a research lesson with the case pupils in mind We need to plan the first study lesson: what do the students need to learn next and how will this be taught? We have included an example of a filled out lesson plan from a lesson study in phase 1. Blank Planning and observation templates are available on the project website under the resources section. www.lessonstudymld.org.uk Phase 1 Case Study Context : Two teachers from two different departments ( Art and English) planned a series of lessons for the same Year 7 class as part of a Lesson Study project ( see Unit 18). The information outlined below relates to the third lesson in the series. The subject and key stage area Art class – Key Stage 3 – Year 7 The curriculum topic Intended learning outcomes Evaluative writing in art To improve pupils’ abilities to use talk to shape their writing in order to compare and contrast paintings showing an understanding of the imagery This is a mixed ability year 7 class with 2 pupils with MLD (Amy and Declan) Context of cohort Lesson Plan Learning: Pupils need to be able to learn to discuss works of art to look for deeper meaning. Pupils need to work collaboratively with other students. Pupils need to look for evidence in the paintings to support their ideas. Teaching: The teacher provides each pupil with ‘talk tokens’ to encourage students to make contributions to group talk. The teacher provides active sorting activities with an element of challenge to engage pupils. The teacher provides activities that require pupils to work as a team to solve a problem. The teacher provides sentence openers, keywords and connective maps to support pupils to record their ideas about the meaning of paintings. All the resources are themed around ‘Art detectives’ to engage pupils. Planning and resources: Talk tokens Find the square – gridded image. Connective Maps Sentence sorting game in the shape of Detective (trilby) hats. Sentence openers Keyword Maps Posters (continued from the previous lesson) Class name and key stage Curriculum / teaching area Intended learning outcomes Lesson study focus Plan for evidence collection Resources required Time 11:2011:30am Key Stage 3: Year 7 (7C/at10) Art To improve students’ ability to use talk to shape their writing in order to compare and contrast painting s showing understanding of the imagery. To improve the quality of students responses to visual imagery by using group talk to deepen understanding and shape writing. 1 or 2 observers, film of students’ discussion, capturing the learning through talk. The quality of the spoken and written responses. Talk tokens Find the square – gridded image. Connective Maps Sentence sorting game in the shape of Detective (trilby) hats. Sentence openers Keyword Maps Posters (continued from the previous lesson) Success criteria. Teaching Activity Starter activity Introductory activity 11.3011.40 Development activity 11.4012.10 Plenary 12.1012.20 Student Activity Students are given a group task to identify a square of the gridded painting by sharing clues. Students will use ‘talk tokens in this task to ensure that all students contribute. Students are given a set of sentence puzzles In the shape of detective hats that they need to fit together to make coherent sentences. Students will use ‘talk tokens’ in this task to ensure that all students contribute. Students work in pairs to create their own sentences in response to the two paintings They will write their sentences onto footprint shaped cards Students work as a group to discuss which sentence footprints they will select to stick on the class poster; they will assess these against the success criteria they were given One will be read out and the class will asses if it meets the criteria, signaling by holding up either one or 2 magnifying glasses. Evidence / observation focus Record students’ discussion Film students’ responses and how they contribute to the group work during this activity Photograph outcomes. Photograph outcomes Focus students will be closely observed to gage whether or not they are using their talk tokens. Step 7: Teach, and together observe and assess the learning of case group We need to gather and review evidence that will help us find out what and how the case children learn during the study lesson, what progress they make and what barriers to learning they encounter. Use the observation and discussion template to note down your lesson expectations for case pupils. Observation & discussion sheets The case pupils Case pupil 1 Amy Success criteria Amy will attempt to use her ‘Talk tokens’ during the group task. Amy will share ideas during discussions Amy will respond showing a developing depth of understanding of the works of art that they are looking at. Amy will discuss her ideas with her partner in the paired task to produce sentences in response to the work. Amy will demonstrate a developing understanding of the similarities and differences of the 2 paintings that they are looking at. Case pupil 2 Declan Success criteria Declan will attempt to use his ‘Talk tokens’ during the group task. Declan will remain on task during the group discussion tasks. Declan will share ideas during discussions. Declan will respond showing a developing depth of understanding of the works of art that they are looking at. Declan will discuss his ideas with his partner in the paired task to produce sentences in response to the work. Declan will demonstrate a developing understanding of the similarities and differences of the 2 paintings that they are looking at. Stage of lesson sequence Starter Students are given a group task to identify a square of the gridded painting by sharing clues. Students will use ‘talk tokens in this task to ensure that all students contribute. Introduction Students are given a set of sentence puzzles In the shape of detective hats that they need to fit together to make coherent sentences. Students will use ‘talk How you hope Case pupil A will respond Amy will read out her clue to the group. She be forced to make contributions by having to use up her talk tokens. Amy will follow the activity so that she is able to add her parts of the puzzle when they fit in the sentence. Amy will use up her talk tokens. Observation notes How you hope Case pupil B will respond Declan will read out his clue to the group. He will make appropriate contributions to task by contributing his talk tokens. Declan will be engaged in the activity and will effectively use his talk tokens to contribute his ideas to the group. Observation notes tokens in this task to ensure that all students contribute. Development Students work in pairs to create their own sentences in response to the two paintings They will write their sentences onto footprint shaped cards Plenary Students work as a group to discuss which sentence footprints that they will put forward to stick on the class poster, they will assess these against the success criteria that they are given One will be read out and the class will asses if they meet the criteria by holding up either one or 2 magnifying glass. What were the case pupils able to do? (What progress have they made, and how do you know?) Amy will effectively communicate with her partner to produce effective sentences. Declan will remain on task during the activity. Declan will have the confidence to record his ideas in writing when working with his partner. Amy will demonstrate her understanding of the similarities and differences in the painting in her written responses. Amy will use her talk tokens when evaluating effectiveness of the groups sentences, referring to the success criteria that have been set out. Declan will use his talk tokens when evaluating effectiveness of the groups sentences, referring to the success criteria that have been set out. Declan will remain on task during the activities. Case Pupil A How you hope Case pupil A will respond I hope that Amy with add depth and understanding to her responses. I hope that the Talk tokens will provide Amy with a structure that will force her to offer contributions to the group talk. I hope that Amy will be able to improve the quality of her written responses as a result of the group talk. Pupil B How you hope Case pupil B will respond I hope that Declan will be engaged and remain on task during the activities. I hope that Declan will demonstrate a deeper understanding of the paintings that we have been looking at during the discussion. I hope that Declan will have more confidence to commit his ideas to writing. DURING THE LESSON – take observation notes on the lesson plan against the expectations made about the case pupils. Use video to capture the learning Get the lesson study team to make hand written notes about the pupils. AFTER THE LESSON CONDUCT A SHORT PUPIL INTERVIEW What did you enjoy most about that lesson? What did you learn? (What can you do now that you could not do before?) What can you do to improve? What aspect of the teaching worked best for you? If the same lesson is being taught to another group, what would you change? Why would you change that aspect? Take notes of the answers to inform your next review and planning meeting. Step 8: Review learning in light of planned learning outcome The Lesson Study Group needs to analyse information gathered during the study lesson as well as additional information from the pupil interview , to evaluate how successfully the students learnt. This will mean meeting to discuss the lesson observations in detail, as soon after the lesson as possible and making plans for the next research lesson. What did we find out? What progress are we making towards answering our initial questions about pupil progress ? Together, plan, teach and observe 2 further research lessons. (Repeating steps 6 – 8) Step 9: Record the case pupil achieved outcomes Use the GSE template and now fill in the achieved outcomes for the three goals you set for each of the case pupils. On completion send this electronic version back to Annamari. Refer to the GSE guidance for help. 1. Case pupil 1: details GOAL 1 Be more frequently engaged in group activities when emphasis is on using key vocabulary Rating scale: Low Baseline High X Expected X Achieved X Baseline Is often disengaged in group activities when she needs to use vocabulary descriptor Specific evidence for Because of problems in written and verbal language tends to be disengaged and not participate descriptor Expected More frequent engagement in group activities descriptor Specific evidence for Increased participation, improved speech, increased confidence descriptor Achieved More frequent engagement in group activities descriptor Specific evidence for descriptor Participated more during question and answer sessions; vocabulary still limited but conversations contains more basic structure; more willing to write and less anxious about her work Step 10: Decide how to share learning and disseminate the approach to others We need to review our own learning. You will find a lesson study case report template on the project website. Use this to write up your experiences. Also on the website are some example reports from phase 1 which you may find useful. Also on the website are instructions for creating a poster- use these to develop a story which can be shown at the final conference. You could also use this to display in your school. But lesson study is not just about sharing the progress with the project team, think about how you will disseminate the findings in your school? Create a poster and put it on the wall in the staff room Present your lesson study experience to teachers in a CPD session Conduct your final research lesson again, this time invite other colleagues into watch