Bibliography
Allatt, P. (1996) ‘Children in Families: Research and Policy’, in J. Brannen and M.
O’Brien (eds.) Children in Families: Research and Policy. London: Falmer Press.
CHAPTER IN EDITED TEXT
IN LIST OF EDITORS OF TEXTS, INITIALS COME BEFORE SURNAME IN
ALL CASES.
Brannen, J. and O’Brien, M. (1996) (eds.) Children in Families: Research and Policy.
London: Falmer Press.
EDITED TEXT
‘Cotton-wool kids’ kept indoors until they’re 14, The Daily Mail. Tuesday, 5th June,
2007.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Department for Education and Skills (2005) Youth Matters, London: Department for
Education and Skills.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT
Gill, T. (1999) ‘Play, Child Care and the Road to Adulthood’, Children and Society
13: 67 – 9.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
NB YOU MUST GIVE THE PAGE NUMBERS FROM A JOURNAL
ARTICLE. THIS IS NOT NECESSARY ELSEWHERE, FOR EXAMPLE,
CHAPTERS FROM EDITED TEXTS.
Holdsworth, C. and Morgan, D. (2005) Transitions in Context: Leaving Home,
Independence and Adulthood. Buckingham: Open University Press.
DUAL AUTHOR TEXT
James, A. and Prout, A. (1997) ‘Re-Presenting Childhood: Time and Transition in the
Study of Childhood’, in A. James and A. Prout (eds.) Constructing and
Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of
Childhood. London: Routledge Falmer.
CHAPTER IN EDITED TEXT
Kenyon, L. (1999) ‘A Home from Home: Students’ Transitional Experience of
Home’, in T. Chapman and J. Hockey (eds.) Ideal Homes? Social Change and
Domestic Life. London: Routledge.
1
CHAPTER IN EDITED TEXT
The Children’s Society (2007) The Good Childhood Inquiry.
www.childrenssociety.org.uk, accessed 01.08.2007.
ACCESSED FROM INTERNET
NB ALWAYS CITE DATE YOU ACCESSED THE INFORMATION AS
WEBSITES ARE UPDATED CONTINUALLY
Wyness, M. (2006) Childhood and Society: An Introduction to the Sociology of
Childhood. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
SINGLE AUTHOR TEXT
Examples of references not used in the short text provided:
My Family, TV, BBC1, Friday, August 10th, 2007.
TELEVISION PROGRAMME
Macbeth, 1948. Film. Directed by Orson Welles. USA: Republic Pictures.
VIDEO/DVD
News at Ten, 2007. August 14th. 2200hrs.
TV BROADCAST
Referencing Hints:

[…] Indicates that author has omitted some of the text from a quote. You
must also use this yourself if you omit something from a quote you are citing.

‘original emphasis’ - you must add this at the end of your bracketed reference
if you cite a quote that has been partly or wholly emphasised by the author.

‘emphasis added’ - you must add this at the end of your bracketed reference if
you decide to emphasise a particular word or passage within a quote you cite.

If you cite a quote more than three lines long, it must be indented from the rest
of the text, for example:
If the author omits something from a quote they will indicate this by
using […]. If you omit something yourself from a quote, you must also
use the same symbol. The term ibid. is not used with the Harvard
referencing system. If any words from a quote you are citing has been
emphasised, you must indicate this by using the words ‘original
emphasis’. If you emphasise something yourself, you must indicate
this by using the words ‘emphasis added’. (Green, 2007: 2)
2

When using a long quote, like the one above, the full-stop appears at the end
of the quote, and no quotation marks are needed.

When using a shorter quote, then quotation marks are needed and the full-stop
appears after the bracketed reference, for example, ‘if you cite a quote more
than three lines long, it must be indented from the rest of the text’ (Green,
2007: 2).

If you are using a text with more than three authors, you must give the first
author’s name and then add ‘et al’, for example, Bynner et al (2007).

[sic] is used when you are citing some text that has a spelling or other mistake
in it. You must cite the quote as it is writen, and not correct it, entering [sic]
after their mistake. For example: ‘you must cite the quote as it is writen [sic]
and not correct it’ (Green, 2007: 3).

(ibid.) indicates a quote used/paraphrasing is from the same source as last one
that was cited.

(op. cit.) is referring the reader back to a previously cited work.
NB ibid. and op. cit. are not used with the Harvard referencing system (the preferred
system of referencing for CLL students), but you may come across them in some of
the texts you read for your course.
Paraphrasing
When paraphrasing (putting something into your own words) you must reference the
source you have used, for example:
You must show whether an author you are using in your work has emphasised a
particular passage of the text, or whether you have emphasised it yourself. This
information should appear in the brackets, after the reference. Quotes that are longer
than three lines need to be indented, whereas those less than three lines are
incorporated within the text. In the latter case, quotation marks must also be used
(Green, 2007).
Useful websites:
www.hull.ac.uk/lib/infoskills
www.studyadvice@hull.ac.uk
3