Boom to Bust
1920’s and 1930’s
1. During the 1920s, controversies
concerning the Scopes trial, national
Prohibition, and the behavior of “flappers”
were all signs of disagreement over
(1) the return to normalcy
(2) traditional values and changing
lifestyles
(3) causes of the Great Depression
(4) the benefits of new technology
2. A major goal of the immigration acts of
the 1920s was to
(1) allow unlimited immigration from
Southeast Asia
(2) assure equal numbers of immigrants
from all nations
(3) favor wealthy and well-educated
immigrants
(4) use quotas to limit immigration from
southern and eastern Europe
3. Which conditions are most
characteristic of an economic depression?
(1) high unemployment and
overproduction
(2) large business investments and low
taxes
(3) too much money in circulation and
high stock prices
(4) high employment and increased real
estate investments
4. The New Deal tried to solve many
problems of the Great Depression by
(1) providing federal aid to many sectors
of the economy
(2) reducing taxes on big business to
stimulate job creation
(3) lowering federal spending to maintain
a balanced budget
(4) decreasing foreign competition by
raising tariffs
5. President Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to
pack the United States Supreme Court, but
Congress did not support him. This
situation is an example of
(1) Congress undermining the separation
of powers
(2) the president using the unwritten
constitution
(3) the use of the system of checks and
balances
(4) how federalism was preserved by one
branch of government
6. Which event of the 1920s symbolized a
conflict over cultural values?
(1) election of Herbert Hoover
(2) transatlantic flight of Charles
Lindbergh
(3) Scopes trial
(4) stock market crash
7. The data in the chart support the idea
that the immigration laws of 1921 and
1924 were primarily designed to
(1) stop illegal entry into the country
(2) admit skilled workers
(3) encourage immigration from southern
Europe
(4) reduce immigration from specific
regions
8. The United States adopted the
immigration policies shown in the chart
mainly because of
(1) pressures from nativists and labor
unions
(2) hardships caused by the Great
Depression
(3) prejudices generated during World
War II
(4) threats from other nations to stop
migration to the United States
9. Which group of Americans generally
failed to experience the economic
prosperity of the 1920s?
(1) farmers (3) consumers
(2) retailers (4) manufacturers
10. A primary objective of United States
foreign policy during the 1930s was to
(1) avoid involvement in Asian and
European conflicts
(2) protect business interests in Africa
through direct intervention
(3) strengthen international peacekeeping
organizations
(4) acquire overseas land as colonies
11. Which statement best illustrates a
basic idea of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal?
(1) Communism provides the only real
solution to economic problems.
(2) Unemployed workers should rely on
the states rather than on the federal
government for help.
(3) The United States reached its
economic peak in the 1920s and is now a
declining industrial power.
(4) The economy sometimes needs public
money to encourage business activity.
12. Which action by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt challenged the principle of
checks and balances?
(1) frequently vetoing New Deal
legislation
(2) trying to increase the number of
justices on the Supreme Court
(3) taking over the Senate’s treaty
ratification power
(4) desegregating defense industries
13. Which heading would be most
appropriate for the partial outline below?
I.
__________________________________
A. Wages lagging behind the cost of living
B. Overproduction of consumer goods
C. Excessive buying on credit
(1) Mercantilist Economic Theory
(2) Features of a Bull Stock Market
(3) Monopolistic Business Practices
(4) Causes of the Great Depression
14. In the 1930s, shantytowns, often called
“Hoovervilles,” sprang up across the
United States because of President Herbert
Hoover’s
(1) support for federal programs to provide
jobs for the unemployed
(2) refusal to provide direct federal aid to
the homeless
(3) efforts to help the residents return to
their farms
(4) emergency relief program to provide
food to the poor
15. Henry Ford produced a more
affordable car primarily because his
company
(1) paid workers lower wages than its
competitors paid
(2) used foreign-made parts
(3) developed a less expensive method of
production
(4) offered a variety of options to buyers
16. Which pair of events illustrates an
accurate cause-and-effect relationship?
(1) Sacco and Vanzetti trial ratification
of the woman suffrage amendment
(2) rebirth of the KKK formation of the
Populist Party
(3) Red Scare demand for limits on
immigration
(4) high food prices start of the Great
Depression
17. Which situation helped cause the stock
market crash of 1929?
(1) excessive speculation and buying on
margin
(2) unwillingness of people to invest in
new industries
(3) increased government spending
(4) too much government regulation of
business
(4) Gilded Age
21. Which conclusion is best supported by
the information on the graph?
(1) The level of automobile production
remained constant.
(2) The average American family found
the automobile too expensive to purchase.
(3) By 1929, most of the automobiles in
the world were produced in the United
States.
(4) Changes in economic conditions led to
changes in automobile production.
18. Which factor contributed most to the
situation shown in the cartoon?
(1) low tariff rates
(2) shortages of consumer goods
(3) nonregulation of banks
(4) creation of a national bank
19. Much of the economic growth of the
1920s was based on
(1) increased trade with other nations
(2) the production of new consumer goods
(3) rising prices of agricultural products
(4) the rapid development of the West
20. Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington
are noted for their contributions to the
cultural movement of the 1920s known as
the
(1) Gospel of Wealth
(2) Lost Generation
(3) Harlem Renaissance
22. The failure of national Prohibition led
to a public awareness that
(1) crime rates decline when the sale of
alcoholic beverages is banned
(2) economic prosperity encourages social
conformity
(3) unpopular laws are difficult to enforce
(4) geographic conditions affect law
enforcement
23. A lasting effect of the New Deal has
been a belief that government should
(1) own the principal means of producing
goods and services
(2) allow natural market forces to
determine economic conditions
(3) maintain a balanced federal budget
during hard economic times
(4) assume responsibility for the wellbeing of its citizens
24. What was a principle reason for rapid
economic growth in the United States
during the 1920s?
(1) prosperity of American agriculture
(2) increase of American imports
(3) development of many new consumer
goods
(4) increased spending on defense
25. What was one factor that led to the
Great Depression?
(1) government limitations on the amount
of money in circulation
(2) high wages paid by employers
(3) increases in the tax rate for
corporations
(4) excessive speculation in the stock
market
26. Much of the domestic legislation of
the New Deal period was based on the
idea that the federal government should
(1) favor big business over labor and
farming
(2) assume some responsibility for the
welfare of people
(3) own and operate the major industries
of the country
(4) require local communities to be
responsible for social welfare programs
(2) President Franklin D. Roosevelt
wanted the Supreme Court to support his
programs.
(3) Justices of the Supreme Court were not
asked for their opinion about New Deal
programs.
(4) The three branches of government
agreed on the correct response to the Great
Depression.
28. President Roosevelt responded to the
situation illustrated in the cartoon by
(1) calling for repeal of many New Deal
programs
(2) demanding popular election of
members of the judicial branch
(3) asking voters to elect more Democrats
to Congress
(4) proposing to increase the number of
justices on the Supreme Court
29. Reducing interest rates to stimulate
economic growth is a function of the
(1) Department of Commerce
(2) Federal Reserve System
(3) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(4) Securities and Exchange Commission
30. The influence of nativism during the
1920s is best illustrated by the
(1) increase in the popularity of the
automobile
(2) emergence of the flappers
(3) expansion of trusts and monopolies
(4) growth of the Ku Klux Klan
27. What is the main idea of this cartoon?
(1) The legislative branch disagreed with
the executive branch during the presidency
of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
“Public Ignores Prohibition
Restrictions”
“Evolution and Creation Debated in
Scopes Trial”
“Women Bring Change to the
Industrial Workforce”
31. What do headlines such as these from
the 1920s
illustrate?
(1) conflict between traditional and
modern values
(2) trend toward mass consumption of
consumer
goods
(3) hostility of certain groups toward
ethnic minorities
(4) debate over the role of government in
the economy
32. The Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC), established
during the New Deal, were important
because they
(1) increased the supply of money in the
economy
(2) guaranteed loans to failing businesses
and banks
(3) attempted to restore public confidence
in financial institutions
(4) provided grants to unemployed
workers
33. At the beginning of World War II,
national
debate focused on whether the United
States
should continue the policy of
(1) coexistence (3) imperialism
(2) containment (4) isolationism
34. In 1920, women gained the right to
vote as a result of a
(1) presidential order
(2) Supreme Court decision
(3) national election
(4) constitutional amendment
35. The Red Scare, the National Origins
Acts of the 1920s, and the verdict in the
Sacco and Vanzetti trial are examples of
negative American attitudes toward
(1) immigrants
(2) business leaders
(3) African Americans
(4) labor union leaders
36. Improved mass-production techniques
affected
the American economy of the 1920s by
(1) reducing prices of consumer goods
(2) lowering the quality of most products
(3) causing higher unemployment
(4) decreasing the quantity of
manufactured
Products
The Scopes Trial of 1925 is an example of
(1) the effects of assimilation on American
culture
(2) a clash between scientific ideas and
religious
beliefs
(3) an increase in violence in American
society
(4) government intervention in racial
conflicts
What were two basic causes of the Dust
Bowl
during the early 1930s?
(1) strip mining and toxic waste dumping
(2) overfarming and severe drought
(3) clear-cutting of forests and
construction of
railroads
(4) overpopulation and urban sprawl
26 Which economic factor was a major
cause of the
Great Depression?
(1) purchase of stocks on credit
(2) increases in taxes on business
(3) reduction of tariffs on imports
(4) failure to produce enough consumer
goods
During President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
administration, the Federal Deposit
Insurance
Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) were
created as a
way to
(1) provide jobs to those who were
unemployed
(2) raise revenue for relief and recovery
programs
(3) limit risks associated with savings and
investments
(4) implement the new income tax
amendment
• Scopes trial
During which decade did these events
occur?
(1) 1920s (3) 1940s
(2) 1930s (4) 1950s
In the 1920s, both Langston Hughes and
Duke
Ellington made major contributions to
(1) economic growth (3) the creative arts
(2) educational reform (4) political
leadership
According to the graph, which was the
first year in which more Americans lived
in urban areas than in rural areas?
(1) 1860 (3) 1920
(2) 1890 (4) 1930\
What was a major cause of the trend
shown in the
chart?
(1) availability of cheap farmland
(2) increased industrialization
(3) end of restrictions on immigration
(4) completion of the interstate highway
system
What common problem did farmers of the
1890s
and farmers of the 1920s face?
(1) failure to plant enough crops to meet
local
needs
(2) government overregulation of farming
(3) low tariffs on crops
(4) overproduction compared to consumer
Demand
• Teapot Dome Scandal
• Harlem Renaissance
The changing image of women during the
1920s
was symbolized by the
(1) passage of an equal pay act
(2) drafting of women into the army
(3) popularity of the flappers and their
style of
dress
(4) appointment of several women to
President
Calvin Coolidge’s cabinet
The economic prosperity of the 1920s was
mainly
the result of the
(1) adoption of lower tariff rates
(2) stricter enforcement of antitrust laws
(3) success of most United States farmers
(4) development of new industries for
consumer
goods
U.S. Hist. & Gov’t.–August ’06 [6]
1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920
10
20
30
40
50
60
Year
Millions of People
Rural Population
Urban Population
Population of the United States,
1860–1920
Source: United States Bureau of the Census
(adapted
The Harlem Renaissance was important to
American society because it
(1) highlighted the cultural achievements
of
African Americans
(2) isolated African Americans from
mainstream
society
(3) provided new political opportunities
for
African Americans
(4) brought an end to racial segregation in
the
North
34 The New Deal programs of President
Franklin D.
Roosevelt changed the United States
economy by
(1) restoring the principle of a balanced
budget
(2) expanding the trustbusting practices of
Progressive Era presidents
(3) encouraging greater production of
agricultural
goods
(4) increasing government involvement
with
both business and labor
Advancement of Colored People
What was one feature of the United States
economy during the 1920s that contributed
to the
Great Depression?
(1) increase in federal regulation
(2) expansion of easy credit
(3) growth of the trade deficit
(4) influence of foreign corporations
27 Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and
Bessie
Smith are most closely associated with
efforts to
(1) expand the Back to Africa movement
(2) fight discrimination through the
judicial
system
(3) promote the cultural identity of African
Americans through the arts
(4) establish the National Association for
the
Which factor contributed most to the
repeal of
national Prohibition in 1933?
(1) the inability of government to enforce
the law
(2) an improvement in the economy
(3) a decline in organized crime
(4) the start of World War II
In which geographic region of the nation
was this
1935 photograph taken?
(1) New England (3) Pacific Northwest
(2) Southeast (4) Great Plains
29 The conditions shown in the
photograph were
mainly the result of
(1) government subsidies to increase crop
production
(2) migrations from farms to cities
(3) poor farming methods and sustained
drought
(4) reduced tariffs on farm machinery and
crops
After World War I, one way in which the
Red
Scare, the passing of the Quota Acts, and
the
growth of the Ku Klux Klan were similar
is that
they all
(1) exploited fears about people who were
considered un-American
(2) encouraged the assimilation of new
immigrants
into American society
(3) supported the goals of the suffrage
movement
(4) exhibited prejudice against African
Americans
Which conclusion is most clearly
supported by
the information in the chart?
(1) President Herbert Hoover’s economic
policies expanded job opportunities.
(2) The United States unemployment rate
reached its highest level in 1938.
(3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New
Deal
programs failed to address the
unemployment
crisis.
(4) World War II ended the high
unemployment
rates of the Great Depression.
As part of the New Deal, the Securities
and
Exchange Commission (SEC) and the
Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
were
created to
(1) allow for a quick recovery of stock
prices
(2) provide direct loans to businesses
(3) protect individual investors from stock
fraud
and bank failure
(4) allow banks and companies to invest in
the
stock market
31 Senator Huey Long, Dr. Francis
Townsend, and
Father Charles Coughlin are best known
as
(1) members of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s
cabinet
(2) outspoken critics of President Franklin
D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal
(3) supporters of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s
reelection campaign in 1940
(4) members of the Supreme Court
nominated
by President Franklin D. Roosevelt