2008 Biology Credit Recovery B Unit 8 Exam
Exam should be a total of 50 points.
1 pt. each multiple choice question, 5 pts. each FRQ.
Generate 40 multiple choice questions from all of the objectives combined and 2 FRQ.
Learning Objective 1-1: Name and define the three tissue systems that extend throughout the
plant body.
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1) Which of the following is NOT a plant tissue?
a. dermal
b. ground
c. vascular
*d. none of the above
2) Dermal tissue covers the outer surface of _____, or soft-stemmed, plants.
*a. herbaceous
b. woody
c. both a and b
d. all of the above
3) The ground tissue comprises the bulk of the primary plant
a. xylem.
*b. body.
c. phloem.
d. all of the above
4) Which of the following is transported by vascular tissue?
a. food
b. water
c. hormones
*d. all of the above
Learning Objective 1-2: Distinguish xylem from phloem in structure, function and location.
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5) Which of the following is a vascular tissue in a plant?
a. xylem
b. phloem
c. parenchyma
*d. all of the above
6) The xylem of a plant carries water from the
*a. roots to leaves.
b. leaves to roots.
c. flowers to stem.
d. none of the above
7) _____ absorbed by the roots is transmitted through the plant in the xylem.
a. Mineral
b. Water
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
8) Following photosynthesis, _____ is moved to the roots for storage through the phloem.
a. mineral
b. water
*c. sugar
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-3: Distinguish cuticle, epidermis, endodermis, pericycle and periderm from
one another in structure, plant location, and function.
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9) _____ cells are closely packed cells that secrete a waxy cuticle that helps slow or prevent water loss.
a. Reproductive
*b. Epidermal
c. Photosynthesizing
d. none of the above
10) The _____ tissue of a plant prevents water loss.
a. vascular
b. ground
*c. epidermal
d. none of the above
11) The cuticle is found directly on top of the
*a. epidermis.
b. endodermis.
c. pericycle.
d. none of the above
12) Much like our skin, plant epidermis also acts as a _____ to fungi and other invaders.
a. conduit
*b. barrier
c. helper
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-4: List the principal characteristics that distinguish monocots from dicots,
including their stems.
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13) Which of the following is a type of angiosperm?
a. dicots
b. monocots
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
14) Monocot seeds have one "seed leaf" termed a
a. cuticle.
b. stomata.
*c. cotyledon.
d. none of the above
15) Dicot stems have their vascular bundles arranged in a
*a. ring.
b. straight line.
c. spiral.
d. none of the above
16) Monocot stems have most of their _____ near the outside edge of the stem.
a. seeds
b. reproductive parts
*c. vascular bundles
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-5: Generally describe the internal structure of a leaf; give the function of
stomata.
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17) Plants exchange _____ between the inner parts of leaves, stems, and fruits by openings known as
stomata.
a. spores
b. pollen
c. sugars
*d. gases
18) Guard cells are bean-shaped cells that cover the _____ opening.
a. xylem
b. phloem
*c. stomata
d. none of the above
19) Leaves are the part of the plant that carry out
a. asexual reproduction.
*b. photosynthesis.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. all of the above
20) Which of the following is part of a leaf?
a. petiole
b. axillary bud
c. veins
*d. all of the above
Learning Objective 1-6: Be able to discuss and identify parts of the plant root and root tip and
distinguish the taproot system and fibrous root system.
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21) Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant root?
a. absorption of water and minerals
b. anchoring of the plant to the ground
c. storage of materials
*d. none of the above
22) Roots may take part in _____ reproduction of the plant.
*a. asexual
b. sexual
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
23) The root of a plant is the main area of
*a. storage.
b. photosynthesis.
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
24) Roots absorb _____ to be transported throughout the plant.
a. water
b. minerals
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-7: Define shoot system and root system.
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25) Which of the following is part of the shoot system?
a. rhizomes
*b. buds
c. roots
d. none of the above
26) Which of the following is a part of the root system?
a. stems
*b. tubers
c. flowers
d. none of the above
27) The shoot system is _____ ground.
a. below
*b. above
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
28) The root system includes the parts of the plant _____ ground.
*a. below
b. above
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-8: Distinguish nodes from internodes, tell where buds are located, and
indicate how cross sections of monocot stems differ from those of dicot stems.
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29) Leaves attach to _____ at nodes.
a. flowers
b. roots
*c. stems
d. none of the above
30) Internodes are the spaces between
*a. nodes.
b. buds.
c. seeds.
d. none of the above
31) Which of the following plants have nodes that are NOT close together?
a. cabbage
b. lettuce
c. both a and b
*d. none of the above
32) _____ on plants can be both simple and compound.
a. Stems
b. Roots
*c. Leaves
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 1-9: Be able to identify the various parts of a typical flower and give their
functions.
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33) Flowers are a collection of _____ tissue produced by some plants.
a. sterile
b. reproductive
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
34) The _____ spore develops into the seed.
*a. female
b. male
c. asexual
d. none of the above
35) Meiosis occurs within the
*a. sporangium.
b. roots.
c. xylem.
d. phloem.
36) Which of the following is a flowering plant?
a. rose bush
b. cauliflower
c. broccoli
*d. all of the above
Learning Objective 2-1: Distinguish between plant sporophytes and gametophytes.
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37) The term gametophyte literally means “_____-producing plant.”
a. sugar
b. spore
c. cone
*d. gamete
38) In the plant life cycle, _____ produces haploid spores.
a. mitosis
*b. meiosis
c. fertilization
d. all of the above
39) The gametophyte undergoes _____ to produce gametes.
a. fertilization
b. meiosis
*c. mitosis
d. none of the above
40) In the plant life cycle, meiosis produces _____ spores.
*a. haploid
b. diploid
c. triploid
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 2-2: Be able to identify the various parts of a typical flower and give their
functions.
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41) Which of the following is a sterile part of a flower?
a. petal
b. sepal
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
42) The _____ reproductive part of the flower is the carpel.
*a. female
b. male
c. asexual
d. none of the above
43) Flowers are collections of reproductive and sterile tissue arranged on a stem tip in a tight array with
very short
a. carpels.
b. roots.
*c. internodes.
d. stamen.
44) The receptacle is the part of the stem where _____ are attached.
a. nodes
b. roots
c. stomata
*d. flowers
Learning Objective 2-3: Relate the sequence of events that give rise to microspores and
megaspores.
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45) Microsporangia are long, hollow structures in which _____ are produced by meiosis.
a. vascular tissues
b. stomata
*c. pollen grains
d. none of the above
46) The anther contains four
*a. microsporangia.
b. flowers.
c. nodes.
d. none of the above
47) When the _____ is mature, the sporangium opens.
a. xylem
*b. pollen
c. phloem
d. none of the above
48) The androecium is all of the _____ parts of the flower.
a. sterile
b. female
*c. male
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 2-4: Describe the development of the male and female gametophyte.
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49) The male _____ develops inside the pollen grain.
a. sporophyte
*b. gametophyte
c. anther
d. none of the above
50) The female _____ develops inside the ovule.
a. sporophyte
*b. gametophyte
c. pistil
d. none of the above
51) Which of the following is NOT a type of cell found in a male angiosperm gametophyte?
a. tube cell
b. germ cell
c. both a and b
*d. none of the above
52) There are usually 8 _____ cells in the female gametophyte.
*a. haploid
b. diploid
c. triploid
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 2-5: Describe the “double fertilization” that occurs uniquely in the floweringplant life cycle.
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53) Fertilization results in a _____ cell called the zygote.
a. triploid
b. haploid
*c. diploid
d. none of the above
54) In “double fertilization,” the second sperm fuses with the polar bodies of the
a. endosperm.
*b. embryo sac.
c. ovule.
d. none of the above
55) Which of the following is involved in “double fertilization”?
a. endosperm
b. sperm
c. embryo sac
*d. all of the above
Learning Objective 2-6: How is endosperm formed? What is the function of endosperm?
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56) A sperm fuses with the embryo sac to form the
a. stamen.
b. ovule.
c. haploid cell.
*d. endosperm.
57) The endosperm provides a great deal of _____ to the developing embryo.
*a. nourishment
b. protection
c. heat
d. none of the above
58) The endosperm is the result of the fusion of two _____ and one sperm cell.
*a. polar bodies
b. zygotes
c. pollen grains
d. none of the above
59) The endosperm is a unique tissue to
a. animals.
*b. plants.
c. fungi.
d. all of the above
Learning Objective 3-1: Describe and give examples of phototropism, gravitropism, and
thigmotropism.
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60) Phototropism is the process in which plants bend toward
*a. light.
b. oxygen.
c. touch.
d. gravity.
61) Tropisms are movements that involve the plant moving by growing toward or away from a
*a. stimulus.
b. different plant.
c. unfavorable soil.
d. none of the above
62) ______ is plant response to gravity.
a. Thigmotropism
*b. Gravitropism
c. Phototropism
d. none of the above
63) Thigmotropism is plant response to
a. gravity.
*b. touch.
c. heat.
d. light.
Learning Objective 3-2: Be able to list the five types of hormones found in most flowering plants.
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64) Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone?
*a. estrogen
b. gibberellins
c. cytokinins
d. none of the above
65) Which of the following is a function of auxin?
a. promoting cell division
*b. weed killing
c. promoting seed dominancy
d. none of the above
66) Cytokinins are produced in growing areas, such as _____ at the tip of the shoot.
a. parenchyma
b. roots
*c. meristems
d. none of the above
67) Abscisic acid is a chemical that promotes seed dormancy and is also involved in opening and closing
of ____ as leaves wilt.
a. phloem
b. xylem
*c. stomata
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 3-3: Describe benefits derived by both the root and the fungus in a
mycorrhizal relationship.
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68) Nitrogen in the _____ is not in a form that plants can use.
a. water
b. soil
*c. atmosphere
d. none of the above
69) The process of making _____ in the air usable to the plant is called fixation.
*a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. none of the above
70) _____ fungus increases the area of the root for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
a. Parasitic
b. Mold
*c. Mycorrhizae
d. none of the above
71) The relationship between the mycorrhizae and plant is a
a. parasitism.
*b. mutualism.
c. commensalism.
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 3-4: Explain the location and function of the endodermis and pericycle.
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72) The endodermis separates the _____ and the vascular tissue.
a. epidermis
*b. cortex
c. pericycle
d. none of the above
73) The endodermis functions as a gateway for _____ to flow into the vascular tissue cells.
a. sugar
*b. water
c. sunlight
d. none of the above
74) The Casparian strip is
*a. waterproof.
b. a part of photosynthesis.
c. needed for reproduction.
d. none of the above
75) The Casparian stip allows the _____ cells to regulate the amount of water flowing into the xylem.
a. cuticle
b. epidermal
*c. endodermal
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 3-5: Transpiration is the evaporation of water from stems, leaves, and other
plant parts.
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76) Water is pulled up the _____ by the process of transpiration.
a. phloem
*b. xylem
c. stomata
d. none of the above
77) Transpiration is _____ loss from leaves.
a. sugar
*b. water
c. mineral
d. none of the above
78) Transpiration causes diffusion of new water molecules out of the xylem and into the
*a. leaf.
b. root.
c. phloem.
d. none of the above
79) Which of the following is a type cell found in xylem?
a. vessels
b. tracheids
*c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Learning Objective 3-6: The cohesion-tension theory explains how water moves upward in an
unbroken column through xylem to the tops of tall trees.
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80) Adhesion is the tendency of molecules of _____ to stick together.
*a. different kinds
b. the same kind
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
81) Adhesion of water to the cell walls in _____ keeps gravity from pulling the water back to the roots
when a plant closes its stomata.
*a. xylem
b. phloem
c. stomata
d. none of the above
82) Which of the following does the Cohesion-Adhesion Theory involve?
a. water sticking together
b. water sticking to the walls of the plant
c. transpiration
*d. all of the above
83) Because of ______, water molecules can move upwards against gravity in a plant.
a. cohesion
b. adhesion
c. transpiration
*d. all of the above
Free Response Questions from All Objectives
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Type: E
84) Name and define the three tissue systems that extend throughout the plant body. Be sure to describe
where they can be found as well as their functions.
a. Answers will vary, but need to discuss ground, vascular, and dermal tissue. Example:
The three tissue systems in the plant body are dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. The dermal tissue is
the outer covering of the soft-stemmed plants and includes the epidermis and the cuticle, which is an
outer waxy substance that keeps water inside the plant. The ground tissue makes up the bulk of the plant
body. It helps maintain structure of the plant in the stem. The vascular tissue moves water, food, and
hormones throughout the plant. The vascular tissue includes the xylem, which moves water and minerals
absorbed by the roots to the leaves, and phloem, which is used to move sugar from the leaves to the
roots.
Type: E
85) What are the two main types of angiosperms? Compare and contrast their structures, including the
positioning of the vascular tissues in the stems.
a. Answers will vary, but must include similarities and differences of monocots and dicots, including
vascular structure. Example:
The two main types of angiosperms are monocots and dicots. Both are flowering plants that have at least
one "seed leaf," termed a cotyledon. Monocots have one cotyledon and dicots have two. Dicots have their
vascular bundles of xylem and phloem arranged in a ring structure in the middle of their stems, while
monocots’ vascular bundles are near the outer edges of their stems.
Type: E
86) Identify the various parts of a typical flower and give their functions. Discuss the male and female
reproductive parts within the flower.
a. Answers will vary, but should include the sterile and reproductive parts of the flower and their functions.
Example:
Botanists classify all flower parts as modified leaves. The sterile parts of the flower are the sepals and the
petals and are collectively called perianths. If they look similar, they are called tepals. The petals are
usually specifically colored and have a distinct odor that attracts animals to assist with pollination. The
male parts of the flower are called the stamen and the female part is called the carpel. The pollen, or
male reproductive gamete, is produced in the anther and will fuse with the female ovule during
fertilization.
Type: E
87) What is “double fertilization”? Describe why this is a misnomer.
a. Answers will vary. Example:
“Double fertilization” is a term used to describe what some angiosperms go through. It includes a first
fertilization when the sperm and the ovule fuse to form a zygote, as in typical fertilization. The second
fertilization is not technically a true fertilization because another zygote is not formed. Instead, a second
sperm will fuse with the polar bodies in the embryo sac to form an endosperm. That endosperm becomes
an important source of nourishment for the embryo throughout its development.
Type: E
88) Plants have a variety of ways to respond to stimuli. Name and define three of these responses and
give at least one example and brief explanation of each.
a. Answers will vary, but need to include at least one example and brief explanation for each of the three.
Example:
Tropism is the term given to the response a plant shows after a stimulus is presented. Phototropism is the
bending of a plant toward light. Darwin first observed this phenomenon in plants sitting near a window. It
was later found that placing aluminum foil over the tips of the plant could prevent the bending.
Gravitropism is a plant’s response to gravity. Roots growing downward show a positive gravitropism, and
stems growing upward show a negative gravitropism. The final tropism is thigmotropism, or a response to
contact with a solid object. Thigmotropism is why vines will wrap around objects as they grow.
Type: E
89) What is the Cohesion-Adhesion Theory? Use it to describe how water moves against gravity to the
leaves.
a. Answers will vary, but should explain how water moves against gravity to the leaves based on the
Cohesion-Adhesion Theory. Example:
The Cohesion-Adhesion Theory explains how water can move against gravity through the xylem from the
roots to the leaves. Cohesion is the tendency of like molecules to be attracted to each other, such as
water molecules being held together by hydrogen bonds. Adhesion, on the other hand, is the tendency of
molecules to stick to other types of molecules. This idea can explain how the water sticks to the walls of
the plants. As transpiration (which is loss of water on the leaves) happens, it pulls the water from farther
down the plant by diffusion, up to the leaves to replace the lost water. The water adheres to the side of
the plant as it moves upward, and the cohesive forces between water molecules pulls the water straight
up the xylem in an interconnected line to the leaves.