Chapter 11 – THE TWENTIES 1919-1929
Chapter 11.1 – BOOMING ECONOMY
Note specific economic changes of the 1920.
MASS
PRODUCTION
INCREASED
WAGES
ECONOMY OF
THE 1920s
INSTALLMENT
BUYING
ADVERTISING
BULL
MARKET
FOCUS QUESTIONS: Answer each question completely.
How did the booming economy of the
1920s lead to changes in American life? The workweek shortened to 40 hours and allowed people extra leisure time.
People used credit to buy new machines and stocks. Many prosperous
Americans relied on cars for transportation and moved to the suburbs where
they could enjoy more space.
Chapter 11.2 – THE BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT
Note the similarities and differences between Presidents Harding and Coolidge.
HARDING
• Fun-loving
BOTH
COOLIDGE
• Serious
• Republican
• Not Intellectual
• Not particularly
moral
• Raised tariffs
• Laissez-faire
approach to
business
• Quiet
• Pro-business
• Honest
• Opposed to social
reform laws
• Frugal
FOCUS QUESTIONS: Answer each question completely.
How did domestic and foreign policy
change direction under Harding and
Coolidge?
Both men refused to use legislation to make social changes. Unlike the
Progressives, their economic policies favored big business. Both Presidents
also maintained isolationist stances in world affairs.
Chapter 11.3 – SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TENSIONS
As you read, look for issues that divided Americans in the 1920s.
DIFFERING VIEWPOINTS
Education
View Point 1 – Urban Americans tended to value education highly.
View Point 2 – Rural Americans placed less value on formal education.
View Point 1 – Fundamentalists opposed the theory of evolution.
Evolution
Immigration
View Point 2 – Modernists stressed the importance of science, including the theory of evolution, and
secular life.
View Point 1 – Nativists sought to limit immigration.
View Point 2 – Others viewed immigration as essentially American.
View Point 1 – Fundamentalists tend to oppose social change.
Social
Change
View Point 2 – Modernists tended to accept social change.
View Point 1 – “Drys” supported Prohibition.
Prohibition
View Point 2 – “Wets” opposed Prohibition.
FOCUS QUESTIONS: Answer each question completely.
How did Americans differ on major
social and cultural issues?
Many rural Americans were more religious and traditional, and many urban
Americans were more interested in science and modernity. Rural Americans
often opposed evolution and new roles for women, and supported
Prohibition.
Chapter 11.4 – A NEW MASS CULTURE
Look for ways in which culture changed during the 1920s.
MASS MEDIA
SOCIAL
TRENDS
CHANGING
CULTURE
Radio
Flappers
Movies
Phonographs
F. Scott
Fitzgerald
ART,
LITERATURE, and
THOUGHT
Ernest
Hemingway
Women
Challenging
Boundaries
National
Heroes
Psychologist
Sigmund
Freud
Modernist
Painters
As you read, classify the various types of changes that took place in women’s lives in the 1920s.
WOMEN IN THE 1920s
SOCIAL CHANGES
• Wore shorter skirts
POLITICAL CHANGES
• Won the right to vote
ECONOMIC CHANGES
• Joined the workforce
• Tended to live longer, marry later,
and have fewer children
• Ran for political office
• Challenged boundaries
• Enjoy more leisure time as new
appliances reduce housework
• Enlarged their intellectual world
FOCUS QUESTIONS: Answer each question completely.
How did the new mass culture reflect
technological and social changes?
Movies, radio, and records all reached a national audience, and created
celebrities and trends at the same time across the country. The new
American society was reflected in action movies and radio shows, and fast
dance music on records.
Chapter 11.5 – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
As you read, identify the main ideas.
I. New “Black Consciousness”
A. New Chances, New Challenges
1. Migration to North continues
2. Migrants seek better opportunities and social advancement
3. Many African Americans are drawn to Harlem
B. Garvey Calls for Racial Pride
1. Urges blacks to support black-run businesses
2. Calls for blacks to separate from whites
3. Promotes “Back to Africa” movement
II. The Jazz Age
A. A Unique American Music Emerges
1. Jazz migrates from the South to the North
2. Musicians Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith find success.
B. Jazz Wins Worldwide Popularity
III. The Harlem Renaissance
A. African American Literature Flowers with Works from Claude McKay, Langston Hughes,
and Zora Neale Hurston
B. The Harlem Renaissance Defines African American Culture.
FOCUS QUESTIONS: Answer each question completely.
How did African Americans express a
new sense of hope and pride?
African Americans created art that reflected their own experiences and
presented it to the world with pride. Jazz and African American literature
were known around the world, and African Americans demanded recognition
for their cultural contributions.