Physical Science CP
Seton Hall Preparatory School
Mr. Greene
Final Exam Review Sheet
For your final exam, you should be familiar with the following terms/concepts:
Measurement and Conversions Unit:
Assigned metric prefixes (i.e. kilo, centi, etc.)
Mass (scientific definition) plus units (i.e. g, kg)
Gravity (scientific definition)
Temperature (scientific definition) plus units and conversions
Density (scientific definition) plus density calculation (know formula)
Area calculation and units
Volume calculation and units
Conversion factors and their proper use
Steps in the scientific method
Hypothesis definition
Description of peer review
Scientific model plus examples
Difference between scientific theory and law
Properties of Matter/Phase Change Unit:
Physical properties of matter (definition and examples of)
Weight (as it relates to gravity)
Escape velocity
Inertia (and how it relates to mass)
Thermal conductivity
Solubility
Chemical properties of matter (definition and examples of)
Physical change (definition and examples of)
Chemical change (definition and examples of)
Physical states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma)
Atom
Molecule
Solid (definition and properties of)
Crystalline solid
Amorphous solid
Liquid (definition and properties of)
Surface tension
Viscosity
Gas (definition and properties of)
Gas pressure
Boyle’ Law (be able to explain and run calculations)
Charles’ Law (be able to explain and run calculations)
Gay-Lussac’s Law (be able to explain and run calculations)
Combined Gas Law (be able to explain and run calculations)
Plasma (definition and properties of)
Ionization
Phase changes (scientific definition)
Heat transfer (definition, occurrence, and modes; convection, conduction, and radiation)
Heat (definition of)
Melting and melting point
Freezing and freezing point
Exothermic change
Endothermic change
Vaporization and boiling point
Evaporation
Condensation and condensation point
Sublimation
Triple point
Meteorology Unit:
Weather
Climate
Relative humidity
Adiabatic cooling/heating
Atmospheric pressure
Dew point
Fog, dew, and frost formation
Cloud formation
The past/present composition of Earth’s atmosphere (know when and how O2 was added to Earth’s atmosphere)
Photosynthesis formula
Layer’s of the atmosphere; troposphere and stratosphere
Solar radiation and the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface
Occurrence of seasons; Vernal and Autumnal equinox, Winter and Summer solstices
Short-wave solar radiation vs. long-wave terrestrial radiation
CO2, water vapor, and methane as greenhouse gases
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Planetary albedo
Pressure-gradient force
Coriolis force
Cloud types
Convectional lifting
Cold front/Warm front (types of precipitation and conditions that result from each)
Global air circulation; doldrums (ITCZ), horse latitudes, trade winds, westerlies, and easterlies
Jet streams (polar and tropical)
Monsoons (winter and summer)
Composition of Matter Unit:
Matter
Atom; protons, neutrons, nucleus, and electron
Element
Atomic number
Atomic symbol
Compound
Molecule
Molecular formula
Diatomic and triatomic molecules
Chemical reactions; reactants, products
Chemical equations; subscripts, coefficients
Chemical properties of substances
Conservation of mass
Evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place
Phase indicators in chemical equations
Physical properties of substances
Mixture
Methods for separating mixtures; distillation, magnetic, centrifuge, filtration
Solutions; solute, solvent
Concentration; concentrated vs. dilute
Saturated vs. unsaturated solutions
Solubility (revised definition)
Solubility of solids vs. gases
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures
Colloids
Types of chemical reactions; exothermic vs. endothermic
Examples of reactions; respiration, photosynthesis, electrolysis of water
Energy in chemical reactions; conservation of energy, activation energy
Calculations/problems involving:
Balancing chemical equations
Calculations involving mols
Concentrations in solutions
Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table Unit:
Development of Atomic Theory; Democritus, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr
Atomic number (Z)
Mass number (A)
Atomic Mass Units (AMU)
Isotopes
Calculation of the number of neutrons/protons contained in an isotope
Ions; cations vs. anions
Periodic Table:
Period
Group
Properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Periodic trends; atomic radius, electronegativity, and metallic character
Major groups; alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases
Valence electrons
Core electrons
Electron orbitals and configurations
Atomic weight (know definition and be able to run calculations)
Natural abundance
Bonding Unit:
Ionic bond
Ionic compound
Ionic crystals
Covalent bond
Covalent compound
Octet rule
Lewis dot diagrams (be able to draw for single atoms and molecules)
Single, double, and triple covalent bonds
Dipole
Nonpolar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Calculation of bond type using ∆E
Dipole-dipole interaction
Hydrogen bond
Nuclear Unit:
Radioactive Decay
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
Nuclear equations involving alpha and beta radiation
Half-life
Fission vs. Fusion
Nuclear chain reaction