1. In Ms. Merav Zaks -Portal lecture I found most interesting the analogy that she made, which the translator is actually a musical composer, with his own musical notes, he creates his masterpiece. I learned that sometimes in order to fit the translation to the target audience - the smells, the tastes, the translator required to translate with "flat technique". When it's come to translation, the most important thing is to read the whole book you need to translate and ever the background of the culture, so that the translator understand the contact.
In regards to Shai Sendik workshop, I really enjoyed experiencing the hard work. We requested to compare between two translations for the Pollyanna story, we realized that there are a lot of differences between the two versions and that there are several ways to translate the same story and frankly translating is really a hard work.
2. Translation by cultural substitution
This strategy means replacing a culture - specific item or expression with a target language item which doesn't have the exact meaning but will still have a similar impact on the target reader. That way the reader can concept, identify to something more familiar and appealing. When the translator decides to use that strategy, he takes in to consideration the reflection to some extents, the norms of translation prevailing in a given community. The substitution has to be familiar to the target audience that way it will provide a good cultural substitute.
For ex : In English - Cream Tea
In Italian - Pastry
Items mostly used for their expressive value, their literal meaning are not relevant in the context.
Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation
When the translator deals with culture - specific items, modern concepts and buzz words, he uses the following strategy which mostly used when a word repeated several time in the text. The translator assuming that the reader has a previous knowledge.
For ex : Cream Tea Experts.
A loan word follows explanation usually based on modifying a super ordinate / general word.
For ex : Cap - that is a plastic hat which covers the hair.
When the translator wants to emphasis expressive and evoked meaning rather than propositional meaning, he uses mostly loan words that sound more modern, smart and high class.
The freedom with which translators use loan words will often depend on the norms of translation prevailing in their societies.
Translation by paraphrase using a related word
This strategy usually used when the concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the target language but in a different form and frequency when the form is significantly

higher than would be natural in the target language. Basically the related words are for the reader understanding of the paraphrase.
For ex : Creamy
Arabic - that resembles cream.
3. "The Patrick Collection has restaurant facilities to suit every taste - from the discerning gourmet to the Cream Tea expert.
...
לפאלפל םיחמומב הלכו המרוגה ינדעממ לחה ,םיירנילוקה םימעטה לכ תא תווחל ידכב
Then, because the servant - girl two floors down was chattering at the telephone with her young man, her employers being away, he lost his temper, and began to stamp his feet, bellowing "Bitch, Bitch, Bitch"...
ועסנ הלש םיקיסעמה .ריעצה הרבח םע ןופלטב "השקשיק" הטמ תומוק יתש תתרשמה ,ןכמ רחאל
,השאייתה איהש דע הריזח ,הריזח ,הריזח :גואשלו ולגרב עוקרל לחהו ויתונותשע תא דביא אוה תקחרה
הרהמב הרק אלש המ
I think that the weaknesses are the fact that the concept of the words are not existent in our culture, so I had to replaced them with different word Cream Tea- Falafel , although it's a different meaning, at least the point has been made.
The strengths are in the second example, that we can use the word הריזח for a woman, that way the meaning stays the same.