PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Teacher’s Answer Key
United States Geography
Program based on the
National Football League
schedule from
September 12, 2010 – January 2, 2011
presented by
Gannett Ohio Media
serving Central Ohio, Greater Cincinnati and
Northern Kentucky
TEACHER’S EDITION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
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STUDENT’S STUDY HINT SHEET
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TWO-LETTER STATE ABBREVIATIONS
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UNITED STATES TIME ZONE MAP
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UNITED STATES AND NFL CITIES POPULATION TABLE
SEATING CAPACITY OF NFL STADIUMS
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MATH & GRAPHING WITH STADIUM CAPACITY FIGURES
NFL CITY LOCATION MAP
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
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ADDITION-SUBTRACTION, GRAPHING INSTRUCTIONS
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WEEKLY QUIZZES
Week # 1
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Week # 2
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Week # 3
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Week # 4
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Week # 5
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Week # 6
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Week # 7
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Week # 8
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Week # 9
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LATITUDE and LONGITUDE Answer Key
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Week # 11
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Week # 12
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Week # 13
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Week # 14
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Week # 15
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STUDENT REFERENCE INFORMATION
Fun with the CEREAL CHARACTER matching exercise
Matching STATES with CAPITALS_
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CITY, STATE, TEAM NAME Quiz and Answer Key _
VERBS and the SPORTS PAGE _
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1
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
FIVE THEMES IN GEOGRAPHY
Source: National Geographic Society
LOCATION: (Absolute and Relative): Location answers the basic question: Where? Absolute and relative
location are two ways of describing the positions of the Earth's physical and cultural features. For example,
knowing the absolute, or exact, location of Tucson, AZ, showed us where the forest fires occurred. A grid
system representing latitude and longitude is one way of showing absolute locations. Another way of looking at
location has to do with the interaction of places. This is relative location-the way a city is connected to other
places. A map can provide a starting point for gathering information. IN WHAT MOUNTAIN RANGE IS MT.
RAINIER LOCATED? Exactly where did Hurricane Alex hit Mexico?
PLACE: (Physical and Human Characteristics): All places on Earth have special features that distinguish them
from other places. Geographers usually describe places by their physical and human characteristics. Los
Angeles, CA, and its neighboring communities, for example, are known for such physical characteristics as
sandy beaches, abundant sunshine, and a mild climate. Human characteristics such as the density of population
and its ethnic makeup also play an important role in shaping the image of Los Angeles. WHAT PHYSICAL AND
HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS MAKE THE PLACE YOU LIVE DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER? HOW DO
THESE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECT YOUR LIFE? HOW IS LIFE IN BAYOU COUNTRY DIFFERENT FROM
LIFE IN YOUR CITY?
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS: (Relationships Within Places): People interact with their
environments and change them in different ways. Large-scale agricultural development of the dry Texas
Panhandle, for instance, did not occur until the invention of circular irrigation systems that distribute water from
underground wells. But such change has a price: The region's water supply is rapidly diminishing. Geographers
examine how human-environment interactions develop and what their consequences are for people and the
landscape. LOOK AROUND YOU: HOW HAVE PEOPLE CHANGED YOUR ENVIRONMENT? WHY HAVE
THEY MADE SUCH CHANGES? WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES?
MOVEMENT: (Mobility of People, Goods, and Ideas): People everywhere interact. They travel from place to
place, they communicate, and they depend upon other people in distant places for products, ideas, and
information. A good example of movement exists in the highly urbanized northeast corridor between Boston and
Washington, D.C. Here, people can quickly fly from one city to another. Midwest floods of 1993 and 2008
closed rivers to barge traffic and bridges to truck and rail traffic. Tons of California produce rotted in rail cars
waiting to get across the Mississippi River. The distribution network of tomatoes and jalapenos is so diverse and
intricate, it made tracking the salmonella source almost impossible. Geography helps us understand the nature
and effects of such movement. HOW DO YOU AND YOUR FAMILY DEPEND UPON PEOPLE IN OTHER
PLACES? HOW DOES MOVEMENT AFFECT WHAT YOU CAN BUY IN STORES IN YOUR CITY OR TOWN?
REGIONS: (How They Form and Change): Regions are areas on the surface of the Earth that are
defined by certain unifying characteristics. These characteristics may be physical, or they may be
human. The peaks and valleys of the Rocky Mountains, for example, form a physical region. The
Corn Belt, on the other hand, forms a human region. Large farms and similar crops unite several
midwestern states into this region, where corn has been the mainstay. Regions provide an organized
way to study Earth's landscapes and peoples. CAN YOU IDENTIFY SOME PHYSICAL AND HUMAN
REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES? DRAW A MAP OF THESE REGIONS. DO ANY OF THEM
OVERLAP?
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Student’s Study Hint Sheet
Student Reference Information
CAPITALS --DENVER
ATLANTA
INDIANAPOLIS
NASHVILLE(TN)
PHOENIX (AZ) --Stadium is in Glendale, but we use the capital.
BOSTON (N.E.) --Stadium is in Foxboro, but we use the capital.
Washington, D.C. is the nation's capital.
RIVERS --
Mississippi River cities:
Minneapolis(MN), St. Louis, New Orleans
Ohio River cities:
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati
Missouri River city:
Kansas City
Detroit River city:
Detroit
Delaware River city:
Philadelphia
Cumberland River city:
Nashville(TN)
Pittsburgh: Ohio River formed at confluence of Allegheny and Monongahela
Philadelphia is at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill
St. Louis is near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri
ATLANTIC OCEAN CITIES:
MIAMI
BOSTON (N.E.)
JACKSONVILLE
NEW YORK JETS
NEW YORK GIANTS
PACIFIC OCEAN CITIES:
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
LANDLOCKED CITIES:
DALLAS
DENVER
ATLANTA
PHOENIX
CHARLOTTE
INDIANAPOLIS
STATES--MORE THAN ONE TEAM:
FLORIDA
(3)
NEW YORK
(3)
CALIFORNIA
(3)
OHIO
(2)
TEXAS
(2)
MISSOURI
(2)
PENNSYLVANIA
(2)
BAY CITIES:
PENINSULA STATES
TAMPA ON TAMPA BAY
FLORIDA
MIAMI ON BISCAYNE BAY
MICHIGAN
SEATTLE ON ELLIOTT BAY
WASHINGTON
GREEN BAY ON GREEN BAY
DELMARVA formed by
SAN DIEGO ON SAN DIEGO BAY
Delaware, Maryland & Virginia
BALTIMORE ON CHESAPEAKE BAY
OAKLAND ON SAN FRANCISCO BAY
SAN FRANCISCO ON SAN FRANCISCO BAY
GREAT LAKE CITIES:
BUFFALO ON ERIE
CLEVELAND ON LAKE ERIE
CHICAGO ON LAKE MICHIGAN
PANHANDLE STATES
TEXAS
IDAHO
FLORIDA
OKLAHOMA
WEST VIRGINIA
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
T wo - L e t t e r S t at e A b b r e vi a t i o n s
Student Reference Information
Alabama
AL "Heart of Dixie"
Montana
MT "Treasure State"
Alaska
AK "Last Frontier"
Nebraska
NE "Cornhusker State"
Arizona
AZ "Grand Canyon State"
Nevada
NV "Silver State"
Arkansas
AR "Land of Opportunity"
New Hampshire
NH "Granite State"
California
CA "Golden State"
New Jersey
NJ "Garden State"
Colorado
CO "Centennial State"
New Mexico
NM "Land of Enchantment
Connecticut
CT "Constitution State"
New York
NY "Empire State"
Delaware
DE "First State"
North Carolina
NC "Tar Heel State"
Florida
FL "Sunshine State"
North Dakota
ND "Flickertail State"
Georgia
GA "Peach State"
Ohio
OH "Buckeye State"
Hawaii
HI "Aloha State"
Oklahoma
OK "Sooner State"
Idaho
ID "Gem State"
Oregon
OR "Beaver State"
Illinois
IL "Prairie State"
Pennsylvania
PA "Keystone State"
Indiana
IN "Hoosier State"
Rhode Island
RI "Little Rhody"
Iowa
IA "Hawkeye State"
South Carolina
SC "Palmetto State"
Kansas
KS "Sunflower State"
South Dakota
SD "Rushmore State"
Kentucky
KY "Bluegrass State"
Tennessee
TN "Volunteer State"
Louisiana
LA "Pelican State"
Texas
TX "Lone Star State"
Maine
ME "Pine Tree State"
Utah
UT "Beehive State"
Maryland
MD "Old Line State"
Vermont
VT “Green Mt. State”
Massachusetts
MA "Bay State"
Virginia
VA "Old Dominion State"
Michigan
MI "Wolverine State"
Washington
WA "Evergreen State"
Minnesota
MN "Gopher State"
West Virginia
WV "Mountain State"
Mississippi
MS "Magnolia State"
Wisconsin
WI "Badger State"
Missouri
MO "Show Me State"
Wyoming
WY "Equality State"
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Population Table
THE WORLD ALMANAC 2010 - Page 618 - 619
Student Reference Information
CITIES
1. New York
2. Los Angeles
3. Chicago
4. Houston
5. Phoenix
6. Philadelphia
7. San Antonio
8. Dallas
9. San Diego
10. San Jose
11. Detroit
12. San Francisco
13. Jacksonville
14. Indianapolis
15. Columbus, OH
18. Charlotte
20. Baltimore
22. Boston
24. Denver
25. Seattle
26. Nashville
27. Washington, D.C.
33. Atlanta
39. Kansas City
41. Cleveland
43. Miami
44. Oakland
47. Minneapolis
52. St. Louis
53. Tampa
56. Cincinnati
59. New Orleans
60. Pittsburgh
69. Buffalo
??. Green Bay
METROPOLITAN AREAS
8,363,710
3,833,995
2,853,114
2,242,193
1,567,924
1,447,395
1,351,305
1,279,910
1,279,329
948,279
912,062
808,976
807,815
798,382
747,755
687,456
636,919
609,023
598,707
598,541
596,462
591,833
537,958
451,572
433,748
413,201
404,155
382,605
354,361
340,882
333,336
311,853
310,037
270,919
101,025
1. New York
19,006,798
2. Los Angeles
12,872,808
3. Chicago
9,569,624
4. Dallas
6,300,006
5. Philadelphia
5,838,471
6. Houston
5,728,143
7. Miami
5,414,772
8. Atlanta
5,376,285
9. Washington, D.C. 5,358,130
10. Boston
4,522,858
11. Detroit
4,425,110
12. Phoenix
4,281,899
13. San Francisco
4,274,531
14. Riverside, CA
4,115,871
15. Seattle
3,344,813
16. Minneapolis
3,229,878
17. San Diego
3,001,072
18. St. Louis
2,816,710
19. Tampa
2,733,761
20. Baltimore
2,667,117
21 Denver
2,506,626
22. Pittsburgh
2,351,192
23. Portland, OR
2,207,462
24. Cincinnati
2,155,137
25. Sacramento
2,109,832
26. Cleveland
2,088,291
27. Orlando
2,054,574
28. San Antonio
2,031,445
29. Kansas City
2,002,047
30. Las Vegas
1,865,746
31. San Jose
1,819,198
32. Columbus, OH
1,773,120
33. Indianapolis
1,715,459
34. Charlotte
1,701,799
35. Virginia Beach
1,658,292
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
National Football League-2010
Seating Capacity of Stadiums
Student Reference Information
University of Phoenix Stadium
Glendale, AZ
Cardinals
65,000
Georgia Dome
M & T Bank Stadium
Ralph Wilson Stadium
Bank of America Stadium
Soldier Field
Paul Brown Stadium
Cleveland Browns Stadium
Cowboys Stadium
Invesco at Mile High Stadium
Ford Field
Lambeau Field
Reliant Stadium
Lucas Oil Stadium
Jacksonville Municipal Stadium
Arrowhead Stadium
Sun Life Stadium
Mall of America Field at the Metrodome
Gillette Stadium
Louisiana Superdome
New Meadowlands Stadium
New Meadowlands Stadium
Oakland Coliseum
Lincoln Financial Field
Heinz Field
Edward Jones Dome
Qualcomm Stadium
Candlestick Park
Qwest Field
Raymond James Stadium
LP Field
FedEx Field
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Orchard Park, NY
Charlotte, NC
Chicago, IL
Cincinnati, OH
Cleveland, OH
Arlington, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Green Bay, WI
Houston, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO
Miami, FL
Minneapolis, MN
Foxborough, MA
New Orleans, LA
E. Rutherford, NJ
E. Rutherford, NJ
Oakland, CA
Philadelphia, PA
Pittsburgh, PA
St. Louis, MO
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Tampa, FL
Nashville, TN
Washington, DC
Falcons
Ravens
Bills
Panthers
Bears
Bengals
Browns
Cowboys
Broncos
Lions
Packers
Texans
Colts
Jaguars
Chiefs
Dolphins
Vikings
Patriots
Saints
N.Y. Giants
N.Y. Jets
Raiders
Eagles
Steelers
Rams
Chargers
49ers
Seahawks
Buccaneers
Titans
Redskins
71,228
71,008
73,967
73,504
61,500
65,515
73,300
80,000
76,125
64,500
72,928
71,054
63,000
67,246
76,416
75,192
64,121
68,756
68,000
82,500
82,500
63,132
69,144
65,050
66,000
70,000
69,732
67,000
65,908
69,143
91,704
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Math with the Stadium Capacity
The seating capacity table of the NFL stadia may be used for math lessons with your newspaper. Every
boxscore of NFL games will include an attendance figure, and some may include stadium capacity along
with that figure. Students may subtract the actual attendance from the stadium capacity to determine
how many empty seats were in the stadium on any given game day. For example, at the bottom of a
boxscore you may see: A - 56,623(62,518). The figure within parentheses is stadium capacity, and
56,623 is actual attendance.
More advanced classes/students may divide the actual attendance by the stadium's capacity to
determine the percentage of capacity for a particular game. Having students figure the percentage of
attendance is an interesting and quick exercise to do with a calculator. After calculating the percentage
of stadium capacity each week, portray this on a line or bar graph. Send these graphs to the coach or
team owner at season's end. THIS DEED WILL BE APPRECIATED.
MAKE A COLORFUL BAR GRAPH. Round-off the attendance of your favorite team to the nearest five
hundred(500) and construct a vertical bar graph for the 16 weeks "your team" plays. This bar graph will
be bright and colorful if you suggest the students draw the bar each week in the color of the opposition’s
dominate team color. For example, Pittsburgh's colors are black and gold, Green Bay's are green and
yellow, St. Louis’ are blue and gold, etc.
The attendance figure may be used for simple place value lessons, or for practice in writing exponents.
Primary students can look at the scores of Sunday's games to determine if the numbers are odd or even.
Intermediate grade students may determine that the scores are prime or composite numbers. Composite
numbers should be factored to their prime components.
ANOTHER MATH SUGGESTION THAT MIGHT BE DEVELOPED FROM ANY SECTION OF THE
NEWSPAPER. Simple or more challenging subtractions lessons can be developed from the many tables
of information that appear frequently in all sections of the newspaper. When any information is
presented in a descending numerical order, have a subtraction lesson by determining the difference
between the first number and the second number in the listing; between the second and third, third minus
fourth, fourth minus fifth, etc.
Request a “Stat Sheet” from this author via your NIE Coordinator if you want to follow your favorite team
with a weekly spreadsheet application. The sheet is completed by having the students obtain seven(7)
bits of information from the sports page boxscore and writing them down in the proper columns. Then
after the first week, the students make seven simple ADDITIONS to keep a RUNNING total of the
points, yards rushing, yards passing, and attendance as the season progresses. Then seven
DIVISIONS by the game number to figure the average points, yards rushing, yards passing, and
attendance per game as the weeks whirl by.
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Enrichment Activities
1. This makes me Unusual! Challenge your students to find an article(s) about each NFL city that
distinguishes it from the other NFL cities. South Mountain Park in Phoenix is the world’s largest
municipal park. Stone Mountain Park near Atlanta is the largest granite dome in North America.
Phoenix is the most populous state capital. Atlanta’s Hartsfield Airport is now the world’s busiest.
2. County Counting! Mount a large map of your state in the classroom and find a dateline or article
representing each county in your state. You may not be able to do this for all of the 254 counties
in Texas; maybe for the 102 counties in Illinois; and certainly for the 21 counties in New Jersey.
Contact a city or state official for a map.
3. What’s important in each State? During the course of the NFL season, clip articles daily and
weekly from your newspaper that show unique, unusual or important products or features from
each state. Attach these articles to a large outline map of the United States. For example,
cherries in Michigan, diamonds and rice in Arkansas, Mt. Rushmore in South Dakota, wheat in
Kansas, or corn in any of the Corn Belt states. Kalamazoo, MI, grows 75% of the bedding plants
in the U.S. You should cover every state during the NFL season. California produces 90% of
the garlic in the nation. Where is Gilroy? See sample state product exercise on page ??
4. Which quarterback was the best on Sunday? Each boxscore in Monday’s newspaper will tell you
about the quarterback’s efficiency with figures that read as: 16-30-2. This means that the QB
completed 16 passes out of 30 attempts with two(2) interceptions. Forget about the
interceptions. Write 16/30 as a common fraction and reduce it to lowest terms, 8/15; or change it
to the decimal equivalent rounded to thousandths place, .533. Of course, not all completionattempts fractions can be reduced. This math exercise will have the students solving 20-30
problems every Monday or which ever day you choose to do the assignment.
5. Which team was best on Sunday? This is a simpler version of the quarterback exercise. A
headline may read “Bears maul Ravens, 36 - 14.” Write each game score as a common fraction,
14/36, and reduce when possible. Again, 12-15 problems each Monday.
6. How many Empty Seats? Included in each boxscore is an attendance figure. Use the Stadium
Capacity table you have and subtract the actual attendance from the capacity to determine how
many unoccupied seats there were on game day. Taking math to a higher level, use these
figures to determine the per cent of capacity. Calculators?
7. Be Weather Wise! Have a simple subtraction lesson from the weather page of the newspaper by
having students find the difference between the high temperatures in the cities of all the
competing teams. Will a team be flying into warmer or colder weather to play their game? Will
you do this one or five times a week?
8. Identify those States. From the weather page, select 10-15 cities from around the nation that have
their high and low temperatures listed. Make sure the selected cities are in different states.
Calculate the difference between the high and low temperature in each city. On an outline map
of the U.S., write the difference within the appropriate state.
9. Math practice with the Population. Supply the students with the population table provided in the
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY packet, and let them determine the difference in the size of the cities of
the competing teams. For other cities, see THE WORLD ALMANAC, 2010, pages 618 - 619.
continued
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10. Population movement from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt. Draw a rectangle from Boston to
Minneapolis to St. Louis to Baltimore. This is the Rust Belt. During the course of the NFL
season, clip newspaper articles related to population and employment movement away from the
Rust Belt and toward the Sun Belt. Assign a couple of students to be demographers and clip any
articles related to trends in population shifts in the U.S. Indianapolis is the “Cinderella of the Rust
Belt,” or the “Shining buckle on the Rust Belt.”
From the revised census estimate of July 2008, only two states had declining populations--Michigan, Rhode Island. See THE WORLD ALMANAC, 2010, pages 579-606.
From the revised census estimate of July 2008, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore,
Cleveland, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Pittsburgh and Buffalo are NFL cities with negative
population growth. See THE WORLD ALMANAC, 2010, page 618. All are Rust Belt cities except
for New Orleans, and New Orleans is recovering from Hurricane Katrina.
11. Headline Vocabulary. Select two or three headlines from the newspaper that have a challenging
vocabulary word in them. Using a dictionary or thesaurus, replace the selected word in each
headline with a simpler synonym. Make sure the synonym fits in context. “Flood decimates corn”,
“Pounding storms cause tumultuous waters.” Not trying to have the students become a
sesquipedalian, but these are interesting activities to do with the class.
12. Pronouns from the Lovelorn. Read Dear Abby on any day, and pick out the pronouns to discuss
their usage. Find pronouns in the comics.
13. Contractions with the Comics. Everyone reads the comics. Did you ever think about the many
contractions used each day? Identify 10 - 12, and have the students write the two words each
contraction stands for.
14. Homonyms and Headlines. Look at headlines and subheadlines on just the front page. How
many words can you identify for which you know homonyms?
15. Weekly ranking of the football teams in the NCAA. The Associated Press, CNN or Coaches
ranking of the top college football teams will appear in your newspaper every Monday or
Tuesday. The total number of votes each team received will be listed from high to low. How
many more points/votes did #1 get than #2, #2 than #3, #3 than #4, etc.? Do 10 subtraction
problems one day, and 10 the next. Write the votes each team received in Roman Numerals.
16. Non-native ecological problems in the United States. Have students research the threat to our
ecosystem caused by non-native specimens. Nutria, zebra mussels, fire ants, kudzu, Asian carp,
Africanized bees, wild(feral) hogs, Formosan termites, Sea Lamprey, African frogs, tamarisk
bush, Indo-Pacific lionfish, emerald ash borers, hydrilla, soy bean rust and Atlantic cordgrass..
From what country did they come? When did they first appear in the United States?
Did they come into the United States intentionally or by accident?
If intentional, what was their intended purpose?
If intentional, how long did it take to realize the idea, theory or concept was not
working and had gone awry?
These specimens have no natural enemies or controls in the United States.
What were the natural enemies or controls in the originating country?
See: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Attack of the alien Invaders”, March 2005,
pages 92 - 117. Research at: www.usda.gov Search for invasive species.
continued
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17. Ethanol. Clip newspaper articles to study the pros and cons of the ethanol debate in the United
States during the NFL season. Is the American public being scammed? See notes on page ??
Congress is mandating we have automobiles with BETTER gas mileage, but this same Congress
is mandating the use of more ethanol that gives us LESS gas mileage. Hypocrisy?
18. Honey Bees. What is causing the demise of the honey bees? People in the agricultural industry
depend on bees for pollination to the tune of $15 billion a year. Food prices will be higher.
American Beekeeping Federation(www.abfnet.org)(www.americanhoneyproducers.org)
(Texas Apiary Inspection Service) (www.beesurvey.com) Discuss “colony collapse disorder”.
Where do the bees go? The hives are shunned by other bees and insect scavengers.
The workers fly away, leaving the queen and her eggs, larvae and pupae to die. CCD is now in
24 states. Almonds, cucumbers, apples, peaches and more than 80 other American crops rely
on commercial honeybee pollination. 80% of the world’s almonds are grown in California, and
the almond crop requires 1.3 million colonies alone, this is half the colonies in the entire nation.
One man said, “Without bees, we don’t eat.” Google: Heartland Apiculture Society and see:
www.heartlandbees.com
Beekeepers produce $200 million worth of honey annually. September is National Honey Month.
The National Honey Board is in Longmont, CO?
www.honey.com In 2009, North Dakota was
the leading honey producer in the nation for the sixth consecutive year.
19. Five themes of Geography. Divide a bulletin board into five equal parts, and use one of the Five
Themes of Geography as a heading for each section of the board.
LOCATION
PLACE
HUMANMOVEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERACTIONS
REGIONS
Clip articles from your newspaper that would pertain to each section or illustrate each theme.
LOCATION: Clip pictures of things that you know exactly where they are. Liberty Bell, Gateway
Arch, Mt. Rushmore, Time Square, precise latitude and longitude coordinates of hurricanes.
PLACE: Cable cars make you think of San Francisco, mountains of Colorado, corn fields of
Iowa. Cape Hatteras. Locate a few datelines each day. Where is it happening?
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS: Too many people in south Florida! How is the
area being affected? How are cities changing? Find articles about urban decay or downtown
revitalization. Rural areas change as suburbs grow. How is the Hispanic immigrant movement
affecting cities, schools, hospitals, governmental agencies, etc.?
MOVEMENT: People, goods and ideas move. People moving to the Sun Belt or from cities to
suburbs. However, cities are being renewed as people are tired of traffic congestion and high
gas prices. People are moving where there is public transportation. Via computers and
satellites, ideas are communicated across the nation and around the world in seconds.
REGIONS: Physical regions are easy to identify, but human regions are not. Have students
thinking about ethnic, language and social regions within their own state or city.
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY is a powerful framework for students to understand the people, places,
and environments of the United States and the connections to the students’ own lives.
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Addition-Subtraction, Graphing Instructions
Dear Teacher:
Students will enjoy the Addition and Subtraction Exercise in connection with PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY.
There are usually 15 games played on Sunday in the National Football League, and the scores of these
games will be reported in the sport section of your Monday's newspaper. However, be reminded that there
are some open dates for all teams, and only 12 or 13 games will be played on certain Sundays.
This exercise sheet is completed by simply taking the scores of the first two competing teams and adding to
determine the total number of points scored in the game; then subtracting the same scores to determine the
margin of victory. Repeat the process with the second set of scores, etc. until all 15 games are calculated.
This is a practical and meaningful math assignment for 1st through 6th graders. It should NOT be a timed
exercise for grades 1-3, but can be for grades 4 and above. The ability of your class should determine the
time allotted for completion, but it is generally recommended that 6th graders be given four(4) minutes to
complete the drill, 5th graders five(5) minutes, and 4th graders six(6) minutes. Reduce the time allowed to
complete the drill by 10-15 seconds when the weekend schedule is reduced to 13 games on Sunday.
Now graph the results of the addition and subtraction assignment. This is a project probably best suited for
6th graders and above, but you must be the one to determine how appropriate this may be for your class.
Your students are being timed as they work with the NFL results on Monday, and they raise their hand to
signal they are finished. Their time is quickly called to them when they raise their hand, and they note this
exact time on their exercise sheet. For example, you call 3:19. This means they completed the exercise in
3-minutes and 19-seconds.
Round-off the time to the nearest three seconds(3:18), and graph the results as a bar graph for that
particular week of the football season. The bars should be colored in RED in the weeks the exercise is not
completed with 100% accuracy, and colored in GREEN when it is done with 100% accuracy. When there
are less than 14 scheduled games, add 10 seconds to a student's time for each game not played. This will
make the graph present a more realistic picture of consistent improvement from week to week, instead of so
much weekly fluctuation when there are open dates.
What you hope to see as the weeks pass it that more and more of the bars are becoming green, and there
is a stair step pattern downward to the right as computational speed increases.
The results might more appropriately be graphed with a line graph, but experience has shown that students
are more enthused about making bar graphs than line graphs.
Enjoy!
14
15
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17
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
September 12, 2010 - Week #1
Plan to recognize GRANDPARENTS’ DAY in some way on Sunday, September 12th.
State Geography Standards = SGS
1. Boston(N.E.) (Any Herald students going to the game?), Nashville(TN) SGS
2. Houston (Any Chronicle students going to the game?), Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Jacksonville SGS
3. Dallas Cowboys
Appreciate the reading comprehension skills that are required to answer the questions.
Make sure you get the correct response when students are asked for the “will be visited”
or “will visit” team(s) as in questions #2, #3 and #7. Don’t allow this to drive you nuts.
You have been warned.
4. New York *
5. Pennsylvania, Missouri, Florida
6. New Orleans
7. Illinois. Granite City, IL, is just across the Mississippi from north St. Louis. ** Granite City is the
location of the last lock & dam(#27) on the Mississippi River. After this, it’s clear sailing to New
Orleans and/or the Gulf of Mexico. SGS
The forerunners of the steel mills in Granite City made the old cookware called graniteware,
therefore, the name Granite City. No real granite here like in St. Cloud. Anyone have an old
piece of graniteware cookware to bring into class? Any ST. CLOUD TIMES students have
parents working at ATS Trucking?
Any trip down the Mississippi River would necessitate a stop in Memphis to visit Mud Island so
you can understand the lower Mississippi. Commercial Appeal students might even give you a
tour. Search for Mud Island and you will find many websites. And the BBQ is fine in Memphis.
8. CO, KS, OK, AR, MS, AL, GA, FL *** SGS
9. Miami Dolphins. Many website related to Flight 93.
10. Greensboro, NC.
11. Pittsburgh. No game in Cincinnati this week, but are you Enquirer students going to Oktoberfest in
Covington? Hope you have fun. www.mainstrasse.org
American history teachers should check out the Ohio River Sternwheel Festival going on in
Marietta, OH. www.ohioriversternwheelfestival.org
12. Kansas City. Kansas City Star students will tell you were the good BBQ places are in town.
13. Lake Michigan, Lake Erie
14. Buffalo on Lake Erie SGS
15. New York, NY. First Labor Day parade was in NYC in 1882. Oregon made it a legal holiday in 1887,
and President Cleveland made it a national holiday in 1894.
16. Hope this question will be a practical writing assignment for you. The SAT test now requires
more essay type writing. Your first chance to see the compositional skills of your students.
Hope your FORUM students in Fargo recognize Roger Maris’ birthday on September 10th. Have
Ms. Kava advise us as to what the emerald ash borer is doing to the 19,000 ash trees in Fargo.
continued
18
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
September 12, 2010 - Week #1
* Be advised, in case some student tries to “wise you up”, that the NY Giants and NY Jets play in the
Meadowlands in New Jersey. However, they will be from NYC as long as they have New York in
their name. As a point of reference for measuring direction or distance in the future, The location
of New York City will be considered as the tip of Manhattan.
** Questions identified as Beyond the 10, 20, 30, or 40, are more difficult, and indicate the
students will have to consult some reference source. This source may be some type of reference
book or mom, dad, grandma or grandpa. Strive to get the family involved. As in kicking field
goals, a 40-yarder is more difficult than a 10-yarder, so more extra credit should be given for this
extra effort. Some of you may choose to ignore these questions.
*** OBJECTIVE: To teach state identification. Be flexible on grading these questions as cartographers
will tell you all maps are not the same. If a student can prove that by the map he/she is using
that the corner of a state is or is not touched, allow the answer. Some students will realize that
airplanes fly the “Great Circle Route” above the Earth’s surface, but for these questions they will
be considered to fly in a straight line, or the “Crow Flight” route. IDEA. Challenge your students
to be able to point out and name each of the 50 states on an outline map of the U.S. in one(1)
minute by the 12th week of the NFL season. This will be a great public relations activity for you.
Parents will love what their child is learning and accomplishing.
To facilitate grading, demand the states be listed in the order they are traversed en route to a
city. This is good mental discipline for the students. The state of departure and the state of
arrival will always be the first and last, respectively.
Click on: www.sheppardsoftware.com/ and explore this wonderful website
Click on: www.travelpod.com/traveler-iq, but you have to be fast to play this state game.
If you want, have a few students or the class keeping the PASSES ATTEMPTED/PASSES
COMPLETED GRAPH. THIS GRAPH WILL ALLOW YOUR STUDENTS TO GRAPH THE PASSING
SUCCESS OF THEIR FAVORITE QUARTERBACK FOR THE 17 WEEKS OF THE NFL SEASON. The
QB graph is on page 20. Objective for math: Figuring percentages by converting common fractions to
their decimal equivalent.
SPECIAL SCIENCE/GEOGRAPHY PROJECT Does your newspaper provide time of sunrise and sunset
on the weather page? Start an HOURS OF DAYLIGHT graph on Monday, September 13th to plot the
descending hours of daylight leading to the autumnal equinox. www.almanac.com/rise/rise.html. Fall
arrives at 11:09 p.m. EDT on September 22nd. Do this if studying the changing seasons, rotation and
revolution of the Earth, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn and Equator are part of your curriculum.
Figure the hours of daylight even if you don’t graph them. SGS
NEXT WEEK:
Many state capitals - Many peninsulas - Golden aspen trees of Colorado
“Johnny Appleseed” buried in Ft. Wayne, IN – Great Lakes –
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal – Branson in the Ozarks of Missouri
“The Star-Spangled Banner written at Ft. McHenry in Baltimore
Pumpkins in Illinois – Turkeys in Minnesota
North Carolina is leading tobacco growing state
Appalachian and Rocky Mountains - NFL Hall of Fame in Canton, OH
Class project to become deltiologists—postcard collectors
Have students enjoy silliness in America at: www.roadsideamerica.com
You might like to look at: sheknows.com and take some quizzes appropriate to your grade level.
19
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PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
September 19, 2010 - Week #2
1. California
2. Ohio
3. Nashville, Atlanta, Indianapolis, Denver
4. Atlanta
5. St. Louis over Topeka, KS; Tampa Bay over Columbia, SC; New Orleans near Baton Rouge, LA
6. Boston(N.E.) Patriots
7. Lake Huron, Lake Michigan
8. Door Peninsula
9. Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Erie
10. Jacksonville Jaguars
11. FL, GA, AL, MS, LA, TX, NM, AZ, CA.
12. Baja California. * Through the reports in your newspaper, make the students aware of the violence
and the drug wars going on in Mexico. There have been incidences of cross-border shooting.
13. New Orleans Saints will “be marching” into San Francisco.
14. San Francisco is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Golden Gate Strait and San Francisco Bay.
15. Golden or yellow color of the aspen trees. Can anyone find out why many aspen trees are dying?
Maybe old age. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, September 2007. See if any student can
find something about the price of real estate in Aspen. Students may be in awe. EXPENSIVE
16. Appalachian Mountains
17. Jonathan Chapman. Mr. Chapman is buried there. You Fort Wayne newspaper students tell Ms.
Brooks you know all about Johnny Appleseed. Hope you enjoy the festival.
Any students in Fort Wayne have parents working in construction at getting the Saratoga Potato
Chip Company up and running?
18. Charlotte, NC. Tampa once had a great cigar making industry in Ybor City. In 2008, North Carolina
produced $686 million worth of tobacco, and that was nearly half of the nation’s total. SGS
19. Morton is near Peoria, and the Miami Dolphins will fly over the city. pumpkincapital.com Illinois
produces 95% of the countries processing pumpkins, but have concerns about blight this year.
20. Minnesota. Some out dated information may say NC, but it’s been Minnesota for the last few years.
21. Baltimore, MD
22. Buffalo, NY
23. Cumberland, MD. www.nps.gov/choh How many steps into American history do you want to take?
The Baltimore & Ohio was the first railroad in America. The Cumberland Road became the
National Road. The C&O Canal was needed for competition with the Erie Canal for markets in
the West. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825.
24. Canton, OH
25. TBD. Alex hit Mexico in June bringing a lot of rain and flooding to south Texas along the Rio
Grande. Hurricane season runs from June 1, to November 30. Here are the numbers for
hurricanes occurring each month since 1851. June 31, July 54, August 226, September 376,
October 187, November 56. Source: NOAA
2009 was a quiet year for hurricanes. There were nine named storms with three becoming
hurricanes and none touched the coast of the United States. In 2008, six consecutive named
storms hit the U.S. mainland, something that had not been seen in recorded history. The word
hurricane comes from the Caribbean word Huracon, who was the god of evil.
continued
21
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
September 19, 2010 - Week #2
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “In Hot Water”, August 2005, pages 72-85, is about
the potential of hurricanes for the next decade. Be a storm spotter at
www.nws.noaa.gov/skywarn
Obtain more weather information from the Storm Prediction Center: www.spc.noaa.gov
Thunderstorm and possible tornado data at National Severe Storm Lab: www.nssl.noaa.gov
26. Ozarks a.k.a. Interior Uplands and the Ozark Plateau. Branson is the C&W entertainment capital of
the nation now. Nashville, TN, is called “Music City” but Branson is where the performers are.
www.Branson.com ** A castle is being built in Leeds Hill, AR, near Harrison and Branson on the
AR-MO border. www.ozarkmedievalfortress.com
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Ozarks Harmony”, April 1998, pages 76-99.
27. A deltiologist is a postcard collector. Try to display a postcard in your classroom from every state
and/or as many cities and states as possible. Please let your NIE coordinator know about your
project.
* Some answers are written on solid lines like this: __________. Other answers are to be written on
broken lines like this: _ _ _ _ _. The solid lines are used for very general answers. The
broken line is a way of being more helpful to the student with the number of spaces matching the
number of letters in the correct answer.
** Demographers in the Census Bureau now use the term “micropolitan” to describe the 573 cities in
the U.S. like Branson, a city between 10,000 and 49,999. Branson is too urban to be call rural,
too rural to be called urban. Have you heard the term exurbs? It means on beyond the suburbs.
Exurbs tend to be small, affluent areas. Someone call them Mayberrys with BlackBerries.
Micropolitan areas are somewhere between rural and exurbs. Who knows where to draw the
line? SGS
September 13 – 18, is Potato Bowl Week in Grand Forks, ND. potatobowl.org. How many
French fries will you GRAND FORKS HERALD students eat at the Potato Bowl this week?
Ms. Lindlauf said you give free taters to out-of-staters. Is this true?
Hope you HERALD-WHIG students in Quincy, IL, have fun at Riverfest. Want to hear a
bunch of good reports on you from Ms. Kelling.
NEXT WEEK:
National Punctuation Day on September 24th. nationalpunctuationday.com
National Keep Kids Creative Week. brucevanpatter.com/keepkidscreative.html
More on peninsulas
Study of many state capitals
Lewis & Clark Expedition from St. Louis
Columbia River
Vasco de Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean
Autumnal equinox
Harvest Moon
Have a farrier standing by in case a horseshoe is thrown
Sequoia / Kings Canyon National Park in California
Students will want to spend some time looking at: www.nationalatlas.gov
22
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
September 26, 2010 - Week #3
1. Three games in Florida
2. Chesapeake Bay
3. Philadelphia Eagles. The Jets will skirt the Delmarva, but they will not fly over it. However, count
the Jets as a correct answer.
4. Cape Cod Peninsula
5. Oakland Raider, Buffalo Bills, Green Bay Packers
6. Denver, Phoenix, Boston
7.
Nashville(TN) Titans near
Atlanta Falcons near
San Francisco 49ers near
Buffalo Bills over
Detroit Lions over
Indianapolis Colts near
Charleston, WV. Students in Lancaster, PA, watch out,
they’re coming right over you.
Montgomery, AL
Topeka, KS
Albany, NY
Lansing, MI and St. Paul, MN
Springfield, IL
8. St. Louis Rams. There is now an observation tower at Camp DuBois so visitors to the park can see
the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine “Lewis and Clark” October 1998, pages 76 – 93
9. Columbia River.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine “Columbia River, A River Dammed”,
April 2001, pages 2 -33 SGS
Newspaper reports in July indicated that this year’s salmon run in the Columbia River was 140%
above a 10-year average. However, reports from the Sacramento River run are not so positive
Biology: Have a student report on the life cycle of salmon. Search for NOAA Fisheries.
On June 2, 2010, American Rivers released their list of 10 most endangered rivers in the U.S.
Check out the rivers in trouble at: www.amrivers.org
10. Vasco de Balboa. Pacific means peaceful.
11. TBD. www.almanac.com/rise/rise.html
12. Harvest Moon. The song, “Shine on Harvest Moon” was written in 1908 by Jack Norworth.
The Harvest Moon is the full moon closest to the autumnal equinox.
13. Colts vs. Broncos.
14. San Diego Chargers. www.nps.gov/seki/whitney
Any of you students in Lancaster, PA, have parents that are members of the Schwenkfelder
Society? Since 1734, September 24th, has been their traditional day for giving thanks for their
lives in the New World.
NEXT WEEK:
Intermediate and cardinal directions - Cartoonist Thomas Nast
Yosemite National Park – Erie Canal - Source & mouth of Missouri River
Vidalia onions from Georgia. Have the students to ask the grocer to
compare the Vidalia with the 10-15(ten fifteen) from Texas.
Sonoran Desert of Arizona, Imperial Valley of California
Detailed map of the Detroit area needed
Cape Hatteras and Outer Banks of North Carolina, plus lots of information
for the American history teacher. www.lighthousefoundation.org
23
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 3, 2010 - Week #4
1. New York, Pennsylvania, California
2. Detroit Lions, Baltimore Ravens, Phoenix(AZ) Cardinals. Good time to review the Upper Peninsula.
3. Buffalo, Cleveland
4. Denver Broncos
5. St. Louis, New Orleans
6. San Francisco 49ers. Yosemite Park has tallest waterfall in North America, but it may not run all year
as it can go dry in late summer. It is 2,425 ft. in three drops. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
magazine, “Yosemite-Grace Under Pressure”, January 2005, page 98.
7. Memphis, TN. Maybe the COMMERCIAL APPEAL NIE students will ask the 49ers to stop in to be
treated to some good BBQ. Memphis has a great reputation as a BBQ city.
8. CA, NV, UT, CO, KS, OK, AR, TN, MS, AL, GA
9.
Boston(N.E.)
Indianapolis
= S.W.
= S.E.
Cincinnati
Houston
= N.E.
= N.W.
10. NY Jets. Search the Internet for the Erie Canal song. Your students will enjoy it.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Erie Canal--Link to Our Past”, November 1990, pages 39-65.
You students in Toledo and Cincinnati know about the Miami-Erie Canal.
11. Sweet Vidalia onions are an herb-vegetable belonging to the lily family. Find out about the “1015”
onion developed in Texas. SGS
12. The Lions would sail north on the Detroit River, across Lake St. Clair, up the St. Clair River, across
Lake Huron, through the Straits of Mackinac, across the north end of Lake Michigan, around the
tip of the Door Peninsula, and south into Green Bay. *
13. Sonoran Desert of Arizona, and the Imperial Valley in California.
14. Houston Texans
15. Boston(N.E.) Patriots NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Makes Tracks”,
May 2000, page 98. After two years of repairs, the 151-year-old Cape
Lookout Lighthouse near Morehead City was reopened to the public in July.
16. Missouri River. Remember the new tower at Camp DuBois for viewing the confluence.
17. Editorial Page **
* Point out that the Lions are actually going through three straits. The St. Clair River and the Detroit
River are straits. Yes, the Detroit River is a strait. Antoine de la Cadillac founded d'etroit,
literally "the straits." It is said that: “Cadillac gave us Detroit, and Detroit gave us the Cadillac.”
Detroit was founded on July 24, 1701.
** Nast popularized the political symbol of the Democratic donkey and originated the Republican
elephant and Tammy Tiger. His cartoons help break up the notorious “Boss” Tweed ring in New
York City. Tweed is supposed to have said, “My thugs can’t read, but they can understand them
damn pictures.” Nast gave us our present day image of Santa Claus.
NEXT WEEK:
Interstate highways - Cumberland Gap for American history
Leif Erikson Day on October 9th
San Andreas Fault - San Joaquin Valley
Frederic Remington and Damon Runyan
Diamonds in Arkansas www.craterofdiamondsstatepark.com
24
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 10, 2010 - Week #5
1. New York, Texas, Ohio, California
2. Buffalo, Cleveland
3. Columbia, SC
4. Columbus, OH
5. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, CO. October 13, 1775,
was the authorization date(birthday) of the navy. See: www.history.navy.mil
6. Saints on I-10
7. Chiefs on I-70
8. Buccaneers on I-75 *
9. Atlanta Falcons. The Cumberland Gap is a natural pass in the Appalachian Mountains. Pioneers
used the gap as a passage to the west. Daniel Boone blazed the Wilderness Road via the gap.
10. Minneapolis(MN) Vikings. They will be celebrating Leif Erikson Day in New York on Monday,
October 11th. www.vikingship.org Ms. Jenko’s students better not say this is too easy.
11. Hagar the Horrible. Some newspapers just call the strip Hagar.
12. San Andreas Fault and San Joaquin Valley. **
SGS
13. You can dig for diamonds. Murfreesboro is where the only public mine in the world is found. ***
Diamonds are igneous. Diamonds found in Africa and Arkansas come from a rock called
peridotite, and this type of rock is igneous. A list of latest finds is on the website. ***
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, March 2002, Page 118. Also in this issue, the story of
how diamonds are mined in Africa. Not a pretty story. What might happen to the price of
diamonds on the world market if President Mugabe of Zimbabwe follows through on his threat to
flood the market with diamonds from his country? One carat equals 1/142 of an ounce.
14. Buffalo Bills, Washington Redskins, Kansas City Chiefs, Dallas Cowboys, Houston Texans,
Denver Broncos, Indianapolis Colts and San Francisco 49ers.
www.fredericremington.org
15. Sports section. Mr. Runyan was born in Manhattan, KS. Do you think he was a Wildcat fan?
From Manhattan, it would be heretical if he were a Jayhawk fan.
* There are about 47,245 miles of interstate highway in the United States. They are America's
circulatory system, the modern Main Street. How do you remember how mile-markers
count on interstate highways? The sun comes UP in the east and goes DOWN in the
west. Markers count mileage UP as you travel east, and DOWN as you travel west. On a
map, north is always UP and south is always DOWN. Mile-markers count UP as you
travel north, and DOWN as you go south.
** It has been said the United States could feed the world, and the San Joaquin Valley could feed the
United States. Drought and labor shortages are reducing the production of some California
crops. Speak with your grocer to see the affect of price of the food on your table.
*** About 85,000 tourists a year come to Crater of Diamonds State Park to scrounge for the stones, and
2006 was the 100th anniversary of the finding of the first diamond there. About 20% of the
diamonds are of gem quality. What design do you see on the Arkansas state flag? What do you
see on the back of the Arkansas quarter?
continued
25
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 10, 2010 - Week #5
NEXT WEEK:
Beginning in Week #6, question numbers followed by a hyphen or dash(-)
are easier, repetitive questions. Knowledge and information students
should have obtained by now.
Corn Belt of the United States
Knoxville, TN, is near the source of the Tennessee River
The USS Constellation is located in Baltimore, MD.
The USS Constitution is located in Boston, MA.
Salton Sea and Chocolate Mountains in Southern California
Everglades(“River of Grass”), Lake Okeechobee, Okefenokee Swamp
Plotting the Appalachian Trail
The 3rd Saturday of October is Sweetest Day. It began in Cleveland in
1922, a day to do something nice to make someone say, “Oh, that’s so
sweet.”
October 17-23 is National Character Counts Week. Do something for
someone to show your strength of character.
To be sweeter, build character and pay it forward, you might want to order
a deck of Boom Boom cards to help with intentional acts of kindness, and
to make us mindfully considerate and serendipitously generous.
www.boomboomcards.com
The June/July 2010 issue of READER’S DIGEST(page 126) has a story on
Tyler Kellogg who drove from New York to the Florida Keys and back with
the sole intention of bestowing 100 random acts of kindness on strangers.
In his 55-day adventure he bestowed 115 acts of kindness upon people.
He said, “You don’t have to be a billionaire to be a philanthropist.”
You might consider giving the City, State, Team Name quiz on page 56. Have fun with it.
26
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 17, 2010 - Week #6
1- Florida, Pennsylvania
2- Cleveland Browns
3- South
4. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska are the main Corn Belt states, but allow any combination
from these states. SGS Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, western Ohio, Nebraska, southern Minnesota,
eastern South Dakota, Kansas; and northern Missouri. (Did you remember the team name for
the University of Nebraska is Cornhuskers?) *
5- Columbus, OH
www.santamaria.org NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Search for Columbus”,
January 1992, pages 2-39. Eight states of the U.S. have Columbia counties. At least 11 states
have towns named Columbia, and at least 12 states have towns named Columbus. Have
students determine if there is one or the other in your state.
6. I-35. Oklahoma City, OK; Des Moines, IA. I hope someone mentions they are close to St. Paul, MN.
7. Tennessee River
8. Ravens vs. Patriots.
The USS Constellation is located in Baltimore, MD.
The USS Constitution is located in Boston, MA.
9- WA, ID, MT, SD, MN, IA, WI, IL
10. Salton Sea and Chocolate Mountains. The Salton Sea really isn’t a sea, it’s a lake. SGS
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Salton Sea”, February 2005, pages 88 – 107
11. The Everglades, Lake Okeechobee, Okefenokee Swamp. “River of Grass” **
SGS
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “The Everglades--Dying for Help”, April 1994.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, "Our Disappearing Wetlands", October 1992.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, "South Florida Water: Paying the Price," July 1990.
12- Appalachian Mountains. See www.museumofappalachia.com www.blueridgeinstitute.org SGS
13. Springer Mountain, GA, to Mount Katahdin, ME. Have a couple of students use some yarn to
mark the trail on a map from Springer Mountain, GA; Fontana Dam, NC; Damascus, VA;
Pearisburg, VA; Waynesboro, VA; Harpers Ferry, WV; Wind Gap, PA; Danbury, CT; Great
Barrington, MA; Hanover, NH; Monson, ME; Mount Katahdin, ME.
SGS
www.appalachiantrail.org. Many websites about the “AT”. Don’t get lost on the “AT”, you might
end up in Argentina.
* Did we have a record corn harvest in 2010? This surge is fueled by the high demand for corn
as food, fuel, feed, fiber and foreign trade.
Between now and the end of school, have your class become very knowledgeable about
every issue in the controversial ethanol debate. Is it a hoax on America like MTBE?
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Global Food Crisis”, June 2009, pages 26 – 59.
Ethanol production isn’t helping. If there is global warming, is ethanol production a
contributing factor? A writer for Business Week magazine says, “Global Warming has
now morphed from a fringe threat into an apocalyptic movement based entirely on faith
and not much science.”
continued
27
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 17, 2010 - Week #6
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Growing Fuel—The wrong way, The right way”, October
2007, pages 38-59
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Our Polluted Runoff”, February 1996, pp 106 – 125
Some maintain ethanol production is a waste of food, time, soil and water. By how much does it
reduce your gas mileage? 20-25%? Latest figures indicate it costs $1.29 to make a dollars worth
of ethanol in the U. S. This isn’t true in Brazil where it’s efficiently made from sugar cane.
A Cornell University study found that corn ethanol takes up to 40% more energy to produce than
it provides as fuel. Can ethanol efficiently be refined from cellulous? The health of the
Chesapeake Bay is precarious. Scientists think the demand for ethanol will cause more corn to
be grown in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This runoff will contain more nitrogen further
weakening the ecosystem of the bay. Search and see what the Chesapeake Bay Foundation
has to say.
Think about the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico. There has been a dead zone in the Gulf since
1985, that is the size of New Jersey, but reports are just now showing concern about it. Most
recently an article in the San Francisco Chronicle. Things that cause the dead zone in the Gulf:
Nitrogen runoff from the Corn Belt, animal manure, municipal and domestic waste, atmospheric
deposition from power plants and vehicles. Farmers are not likely to reduce the amount of corn
they grow because of the high price caused by the demand for ethanol.
** Everglades---Students will find it interesting to research to see if the federal government is going to
allow python hunts in the Everglades. This invasive species endangers native wildlife, and could
be deadly to humans. It is estimated there are 100,000 pythons in the Everglades. It is thought
they were released here when pets became too big to keep.
African rock pythons have been found in rural Miami-Dade County. Wildlife officials fear the rock
python might cross breed with the thousands of Burmese pythons causing even a greater danger.
Hope you HERALD-WHIG students in Quincy, IL, enjoy the Architectural Tour on the 16th. Be careful if
you have to cross Maine Street.
NEXT WEEK:
Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans
Catskill Mountains and Rip Van Winkle
Gold in North Carolina and California.
“Life” of Paul Bunyan for English and literature teachers
Royal Gorge Bridge and the Arkansas River
Population center of the United States
Mammoth Cave in Kentucky
Landlocked cities
Sierra Nevada, Rocky and Appalachian Mountains
Toledo, Ohio, is/was the “Glass Capital of the World”
Population table needed
Panhandles of West Virginia
A long, intense lesson next week. You might want to be selective with the questions.
28
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 24, 2010 - Week #7
1- Boston(N.E.) Patriots
2- The Browns will fly in over Lake Pontchartrain. Pontchartrain really isn’t a lake, it’s an estuary.
The lake is connected to the Gulf by two passes. The Rigolets is a winding passage of about 10
miles, and the Chef Menteur is about nine miles.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Should New Orleans Rebuild?” Aug. 2007, pages 32–67
3- I-75
4. Catskill Mts. are part of the Appalachian range as are the Adirondack Mts. in N.E. New York.
Do any students have an Adirondack brand baseball bat to show the class? Do the students
know what an Adirondack chair is? SGS
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “The Lure of the Catskills”, November 1992,
pages 108 – 130.
5. San Francisco 49ers going to Charlotte(CAR) Panthers. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine
“California Trails—Blazing the Way West”, September 2000, pages 34-57.
6. San Francisco 49ers. Arkansas River SGS
7. World's highest suspension bridge soars 1,053 ft. above the Arkansas River.
8. Many possible answers. Have any students in Eau Claire worked part-time in the horseradish
industry?
9. TBD. For you TIMES UNION students in Albany: Who will take possession of the WOODEN
SHOES in the game between Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Union College to be played on
October 30th? This game reflects the Dutch Heritage and tradition of the Albany, NY, area.
10. Jacksonville Jaguars * Based on the continuing population shift to the south and west, have students
guess where the center of population will be when it is determined from the 2010 census count.
Will it be near Springfield, MO? Will it even be in Missouri?
11. Mammoth Cave National Park. Report anyone? It is unique because it is the longest recorded cave
system in the world. Might be a whole geography/geology lesson on discussing how caves are
formed. www.nps.gov/maca or www.mammoth.cave.national-park.com
Do the students know the difference between stalactites and stalagmites? What is your memory
trick for this? Stalagmites grow up mighty from the floor. Stalactites hang tight from the ceiling.
12- Atlanta, Charlotte, Denver
13- Atlanta, Denver
14- CA, NV, UT, CO, KS, MO, KY, TN, NC. There may be some discussion on Illinois, so allow the
answer a student can support.
15. Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Cairo is pronounced Care-o or Karo(like the syrup). Not like Ki-ro in
Egypt SGS
16. Sierra Nevada = California, Rocky = Colorado, Appalachians = Tennessee or North Carolina
Ansel Adams’ photographs of the Sierra Nevada Range are world-famous. Do you remember
that last July, it was revealed that negatives purchased at a garage sale for $45 in 2000, are
thought to be pictures taken by Adams, and may be worth $200 million. Experts say these are
pictures taken by Adams. Adams’ family says they are not. Has the debate been settled yet?
continued
29
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 24, 2010 - Week #7
17. “Glass Capital”. You BLADE students do not have to answer this.
18- 8,363,710 – 1,279,910 = 7,083,800
19- 537,958 – 333,336 = 204,622
20- 382,605 – 101,025 = 281,580 Practice subtraction with all competing cities as much as necessary
to master the skill. There will be no other subtraction questions.
21. Washington Redskins
* Have a student(s) plot the shifts in the center of population on a map from 1790 to 2000 by
consulting THE WORLD ALMANAC-2010, page 615. On April 23, 2001, a brass marker was
placed in concrete at Edgar Springs, MO, to commemorate it being the population center of the
United States based on the 2000 census. This new center is 12.1 miles south and 32.5 miles
west of the 1990 center which was 9.7 miles southeast of Steelville. The new center is bases on
a population count of 281,421,906. We now have over 300, 000, 000 people.
October 23rd, is the traditional date when the swallows leave Mission San Juan Capistrano. Let this date
be an awareness factor for studying the fall migration of fowl, especially in the Mississippi River
flyway. The Mississippi delta and the Louisiana coast are made up of bayous, estuaries,
saltwater lakes, bays and barrier islands. What impact will the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico have
on fowl that unsuspectingly come to nest and feed is the delta and coastal areas? Migrating birds
cannot be steered from their instinctive destinations.
NEXT WEEK:
Several questions related to the Great Lakes
Niagara Falls and the Welland Canal
59ers vs. 49ers or Denver going to San Francisco
The “Bootheel” of Missouri
Earthquake along the New Madrid fault
Crater Lake and the caldera within
Metropolis, IL, is “Superman City”
Be a horologist next Saturday with DST ending
In preparation for Halloween next week, a national survey of travelers ranked the spookiest places in the
United States.
Salem, MA
New Orleans
Roswell, NM
Death Valley
Forks, WA
41%
31%
13%
12%
3%
What’s in each of these places that would make them spooky?
For a math exercise, can you project these percentages with a pie / circle graph?
30
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 31, 2010 - Week #8
1- California
2- Missouri
3- Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie
4- Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario *
5- Lake Michigan does not share a common border with Canada, or is totally within the United States.
6- Niagara Falls
7. Ships get around Niagara Falls by going through the 27 mile Welland Canal. ** SGS
8. Denver Broncos visiting the SF 49ers. www.museumca.org/goldrush Curriculum on this site.
Gold was discovered in Colorado along Cherry Creek, now Denver, in 1858 and the rush was at
its peak in 1859. "Pike's Peak or Bust" was the slogan of the "59ers" as they rushed to Colorado.
Zebulon Pike sighted the peak that bears his name on November 15, 1806. The largest silver
nugget ever found in North America was found near Aspen in 1894. Gold and silver mining gave
the Denver Nuggets, the NBA team, their name.
9. Green Bay Packers
10. The “Bootheel” of Missouri
11. An earthquake with quakes that lasted to February 12, 1812. It is reported the Mississippi River ran
backwards, and this earthquake created Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee. Madrid is pronounced
Mad’ rid. Not Ma drid’ as in Spain.
12. At 1,932 ft., it is the deepest lake in the United States. Wizard Island in Crater Lake is an extinct
volcano, too. SGS
13. Caldera. NAT’L GEOGRAPHIC TRAVELER, “Oregon’s Crater Lake”, Jan/Feb 2005 pages 53-56.
The Okmok Caldera on a remote Alaskan island erupted on July 12, 2008, just hours after the
Alaska Volcano Center detected small seismic tremors.
14. “Superman” AKA Clark Kent was a reporter in “Metropolis.” Superman is 62-years-old. Trivia
for you: Metropolis is the only city in the United States so named. There is a Superman
Celebration in Metropolis each June. Google Metropolis, Illinois for lots of information.
On June 13, 2010, the city of Metropolis, IL, unveiled a statue of Lois Lane to go with the 15-foot
statue of Superman that Metropolis already had.
* H-O-M-E-S is an acronym to remember the names of the Great Lakes. Four lakes have a common
border with Canada. Lake Michigan does not.
SGS
Lake Superior, 1,333 ft. deep, is the largest body of fresh water in the world.
Lake Michigan, 923 ft. deep, is the only one wholly within the U.S.
Lake Ontario, 802 ft. deep, is the smallest.
Lake Huron, 750 ft. deep.
Lake Erie, 210 ft. deep, has its waters plunge 193 ft. over Niagara Falls to feed Lake Ontario.
Ships get around Niagara Falls by going through the 27 mile Welland Canal. Lake Erie is 326 ft.
higher than Lake Ontario, so eight locks take ships from one lake to the other.
continued
31
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 31, 2010 - Week #8
Lake Huron is the second-largest in area, but Lake Michigan is second in volume.
You students living in the Great Lakes watershed must be informed about the Great Lakes
Water Resource Compact.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Down the Drain?-The Incredible Shrinking Great Lakes”,
September 2002, pages 34 - 51.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “The Great Lakes’ Troubled Waters”, July 1987, pages 2 - 31.
The National Wildlife Federation is opposing any diversion of water outside the lakes’ natural
region. The Federation states, “There is a perception that because the Great Lakes are so vast,
they are immune from harm. That is not the case.”
Will the electric barriers continue to keep the Asian carp out of the Great Lakes? On July 19,
2010, the states of MI, WI, OH, MN and PA filed suit in a lower court demanding tougher federal
and municipal action to keep the carp out of the lakes. This request had been rebuffed twice by
the Supreme Court. Search for: “Alliance for the Great Lakes” and see what this website says.
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia(VHS), a deadly virus, is killing fish in the St. Lawrence Seaway,
Lake Ontario, Lake, Erie and Lake Huron. The virus was unexpectedly found in the Great Lakes
in 2005. It causes fish to hemorrhage like the Ebola virus does to humans in Africa.
The Asian carp and disease could be catastrophic to a $4.5 billion commercial and sports fishing
industry. Scientists are not sure how VHS entered the Great Lakes, but suspect it was the
dumping of water from an international cargo ship. Any information about the health or problems
in the Great Lakes you BLADE readers can pass on to Ms. Geyer will be passed on to all Pigskin
Geography students. Get more information from: Great Lakes Fishery Commission www.glfc.org
** Lake Erie, 210 ft. deep, has its waters plunge 193 ft. over Niagara Falls to feed Lake Ontario. Ships
get around Niagara Falls by going through the 27 miles Welland Canal. Lake Erie is 326 feet
higher than Lake Ontario, so eight locks take ships from one lake to the other.
Can you Toledo BLADE students tell us about the smelly algae in Lake Erie exacerbated by the
phosphorous runoff from farm fertilizer? Any impact on your life?
continued
32
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
October 31, 2010 - Week #8
Other items that you might be aware of this week in case they are mentioned in your newspaper.
October 26: The Erie Canal was completed in 1825. Search for the Erie Canal song. Students will
enjoy it. Maybe get the music teacher involved.
October 26: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in 1881.
October 26: Mule Day. A pair of mules arrived in Boston on this date in 1785. They were a gift from
King Charles III of Spain. George Washington bred mules from this pair of jacks.
You might challenge the students with this question: Two games will be played in a state
most likely to recognize Mule Day. What state is this? A very vague question, but it might
lead to an interesting discussion of this old saying: He’s as stubborn as a Missouri mule.
Mules were introduced into Missouri in 1820, and quickly became a favorite work animal
with farmers because of their strength. Missouri became the leading mule producing state
in the nation. An Internet search for Missouri Mules will provide much information.
October 28: Anniversary of the Donner Party famine in 1846-1847. See: Donner Pass in California.
This could result in a good American history lesson related to pioneers settling the West.
October 31: The death date of Harry Houdini in 1926. What a great tie-in with Halloween.
October 31: The completion date of Mount Rushmore in 1941.
Civic Involvement
In May of 2010, Kiplinger’s Magazine released their list of the 10 best cities in the United States for the
next decade. The cities are: #1 Austin, TX; #2 Seattle, WA; #3 Washington, D.C.; #4
Boulder, CO; #5 Salt Lake City, UT; #6 Rochester, MN; #7 Des Moines, IA; #8 Burlington,
VT; #9 West Hartford, CT; #10 Topeka, KS.
Cities not doing so well and have their municipal bonds reduced to junk status are: Harrisburg, PA;
Woonsocket, RI; Detroit, MI; Pontiac, MI; Harvey, IL; Littlefield, TX; Central Falls, RI.
How could your students get involved in civic pride to keep your good city GOOD, or to make your
depressed city BETTER?
NEXT WEEK:
Have some fun! Nov. 3rd, is Cliché Day. Do an Internet search for clichés
and discuss the many that we use in our everyday language.
Many state capitals
Unique “Y” bridge in Zanesville, OH, and Zane Grey’s birthplace
Rain shadow of the Cascade Range. Good science lesson.
Lake Itasca is the source of the Mississippi River
Leadville, CO, is near the source of the Arkansas River, and a unique city
Detailed map of Detroit area needed
Latitude and longitude – Time zones – Venus Flytraps in North Carolina
Imperial Valley, Sonoran Desert, Chihuahuan Desert
Be a horologist next Saturday with DST ending
Intense quiz next week. Plan carefully. Maybe just a few questions a day.
33
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 7, 2010 - Week #9
We are passing the half-way point of the season. Which quarterback is leading the NFL in passing
accuracy? Is anyone matching or surpassing these statistics at this time? Check periodically during
the rest of the season to see which QB might be eclipsing these records.
Drew Brees
Ken Anderson
Sammy Baugh
Steve Young
New Orleans Saints
Cincinnati Bengals
Washington Redskins
San Francisco 49ers
2009
1982
1945
1994
363-514
218-309
128-182
324-461
70.62%
70.55%
70.33%
70.28%
1- Ohio
2- Cincinnati
3- Pittsburgh Steelers, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
4- Tampa Bay Buccaneers
5- Cincinnati, Detroit. You ENQUIRER students in Cincinnati should know this. This should be easy for
BLADE readers in Toledo. OAKLAND PRESS students, if anyone gets to Pontiac tell them they
have passed Detroit.
6- NY Giants near Bismarck, ND; New Orleans Saints near Montgomery, AL; San Diego Chargers over
Austin, TX; Dallas Cowboys over Madison, WI; Indianapolis Colts over Columbus, OH. The
Colts will by zooming right over you students in Lancaster, PA.
7. A famous “Y” bridge is there. This is one place in the world where you can cross a bridge and still be
on the same side of the river. A place where you can go to the middle of the bridge and turn left.
Amelia Earhart called Zanesville “the most recognizable city in the country,” referring to the
bridge’s usefulness as a navigational aid to pilots.
Zane Grey was born here, and literature teachers might like to introduce his novels to students.
8- NY, NJ, PA, Ontario, Canada, MI, WI, MN, ND, MT, ID, WA. Enrichment—Have the students list all
the provinces of Canada.
9. As clouds rise and cool to get over the Cascades, they drop their moisture on the west side. The
Great Plains are divided into the short grass prairie to the west and the wetter tall grass prairie to
the east. Things are drier just east of a mountain because of the rain shadow. * SGS
You students in Kansas know about the Tall Grass Prairie around Emporia.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Tallgrass Prairie”, April 2007, pages 120- 141
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “The American Prairie--Roots of the Sky”, October 1993,
pages 90-117. Great map of grasslands on page 100. www.nps.gov/tapr is tallgrass prairie.
10. Lake Itasca SGS
11. Arkansas River SGS
12. May be other answers related to mining, but at 10,152 ft., Leadville is the highest incorporated city in
the United States.
13. Bears could go north on Lake Michigan, through the Straits of Mackinac, across Lake Huron, down
the St. Clair River, across Lake St. Clair, south on the Detroit River, then across Lake Erie.
The Anchor Bar in Buffalo is where chicken wings were founded.
continued
34
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 7, 2010 - Week #9
14. The cities are: Indianapolis vs. Philadelphia. Give credit if they say Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati. **
15. Phoenix(AZ) Cardinals going to Minneapolis
16. New Orleans Saints
17. 4:05
18. 12:00 ***
19. Miami Dolphins
20. North Carolina, within a 60 mile radius of Wilmington. A real mystery of science. Flytraps will grow
other places, but they are only natively grown in NC.
21. Manatee. Search for Crystal River, FL, and you will find lots of information.
22. San Diego Chargers. See: www.cdri.org for Chihuahuan Desert information.
23. “On the whole, I’d rather be in Philadelphia.”
24. Horology is the science of measuring time and making clocks. You are in charge of setting the
clocks back one hour. Standard time will return. Phoenix is starred on the time zone map
because they never go on DST. Phoenix will be right with its time zones now.
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil Some people report this website may be taken down.
Europe has horology stores; in the United States we have jewelry stores/shops.
25. Snuffy Smith. Some newspapers call it Barney Google and Snuffy Smith. This strip reflects life of
the Hatfield’s and McCoy’s without the family feud.
* The Olympic Mountains, on the western peninsula of Washington, are not very high, but they rise
almost from the water’s edge and intercept moisture-rich air masses that move in from the
Pacific. As the air is forced over the mountains, it cools and releases moisture in the form of rain
or snow in a process called adiabatic cooling. The mountains wring precipitation out of the air so
effectively that areas on the northeast corner of the peninsula experience a rain shadow and get
very little rain. The town of Sequim gets only 17 inches a year. Twelve miles from Forks on the
western side of the peninsula is the Hoh Rain Forest, and this rain forest receives 140 inches of
rainfall a year. Sequim and Forks are about 70 miles apart.
** The distance between latitude lines is always 68.9 miles. The distance between longitude lines
varies depending on the latitude. At the Equator(zero degrees latitude), longitude lines are 69.2
miles apart. At 45 degrees latitude, lines of longitude are 48.8 miles apart, and at 85 degrees
latitude, longitude lines are 6.1 miles apart. Remind your students the Earth is not a perfect
sphere. It is an oblate ellipsoid; meaning it is slightly egg-shaped.
*** On November 1, 1884, a 25 nation meeting in Washington, D.C. made it the standard for the world.
Please inform the students that a.m. is an abbreviation for ante meridian, and p.m. means post
meridian as measured from the Greenwich Meridian or prime meridian.
"Time flies across the country from east to west. Time zones keep all clocks in an area ticking to
the same time. Until railroads laid out time zones in 1883, most places set their own time.
Philadelphia's clocks were five minutes behind New York's, and 19 minutes ahead of Pittsburgh's.
Time zones are about 900 miles wide, and are based on a worldwide system that uses longitude
as zone borders. But the borders bend to tie together natural areas, such as mountain states.
And the borders zigzag in some places so neighboring communities can be neighbors in time,
too." Source: National Geographic's OUR FIFTY STATES.
Latitude and longitude exercise you might want to use this week, or perhaps a later week.
35
Latitude and Longitude Exercise
ANSWER KEY
Note: Students might enjoy working with www.hometownlocator.com
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
Atlanta
33 degrees
45' N = 34
84 degrees
23' W = 84
Baltimore
39
"
17' N = 39
76
"
36' W = 77
Boston(N.E.)
42
"
21' N = 42
71
"
04' W = 71
Buffalo
42
"
53' N = 43
78
"
53' W = 79
Charlotte(CAR)
35
"
13' N = 35
80
"
50' W = 81
Chicago
41
"
53' N = 42
87
"
38' W = 88
Cincinnati
39
"
06' N = 39
84
"
31' W = 85
Cleveland
41
“
29’ N = 41
81
“
41’ W = 82
Dallas
32
"
47' N = 33
96
"
49' W = 97
Denver
39
"
44' N = 40
104
"
59' W = 105
Detroit
42
"
20' N = 42
83
"
03' W = 83
Green Bay
44
"
31' N = 45
88
"
00' W = 88
Houston
29
“
45’ N = 30
95
“
21’ W = 95
Indianapolis
39
"
46' N = 40
86
"
09' W = 86
Jacksonville
30
"
19' N = 30
81
"
39' W = 82
Kansas City
39
"
03' N = 39
94
"
30' W = 95
Miami
24
"
47' N = 25
80
"
11' W = 80
Minneapolis(MN)
44
“
58’ N = 45
93
“
15’ W = 93
Nashville(TN)
36
“
09’ N = 36
86
“
46’ W
New Orleans
29
"
58' N = 30
90
"
04' W = 90
New York
40
"
43' N = 41
74
"
00' W = 74
Oakland
37
"
48' N = 38
122
"
15' W = 122
Philadelphia
39
"
57' N = 40
75
"
09' W = 75
Phoenix(AZ)
33
"
27' N = 33
112
“
04' W = 112
Pittsburgh
40
"
26' N = 40
79
"
59' W = 80
St. Louis
38
"
37' N = 39
90
"
12' W = 90
San Diego
32
"
43' N = 33
117
"
09' W = 117
San Francisco
37
"
47' N = 38
122
"
25' W = 122
Seattle
47
"
36' N = 48
122
"
20' W = 122
Tampa
27
"
57' N = 28
82
"
27' W = 82
Washington
38
"
55' N = 39
77
"
00' W = 77
36
= 87
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 7, 2010 - Week #9
Do you CINCINNATI ENQUIRER readers recognize the November 5, birthday of native son Roy
Rogers? Old West nostalgia is bringing top dollar with collectors.
Roy Rogers paid $2,500.00 for Trigger in 1938. At a July auction this year, a collector purchased the
stuffed Trigger for $266,000.00. Math: What was the percentage of return on this investment?
Any LEADER-TELEGRAM students in Eau Claire, WI, have parents or grandparents that are collectors?
Obtain more information at www.cowboyday.com and www.eauclairebitandspur.com
Search for information at:
National Bit, Spur & Saddle Collectors Association.
Tom Mix Museum in Dewey, OK
Gene Autry Museum
Hopalong Cassidy
www.fortworthstockyards.com
Western nostalgia ties in with the Butterfield Stagecoach Line next week.
NEXT WEEK:
White sand beaches of the Florida panhandle(We hope they are still white.)
See the note on beaches below.
Margaret Mitchell’s birthday
Booker T. Washington www.tuskegee.edu
Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Indianapolis
Vexillology is the study of the science and history of flags
Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River
Robert Fulton and the Clermont on the Hudson River. Good American history.
Latitude and longitude
Time zones
American history with the Butterfield Stagecoach Line
Each year Stephen P. Leatherman, “Dr. Beach” of Florida International University’s Laboratory for
Coastal Research, compiles a list of the best beaches in the USA. Here is his list for 2010. Can you
have students put a push-pin in the location of all the beaches?
1. Coopers Beach, South Hampton, NY
2. Siesta Beach, Sarasota, FL
3. Coronado Beach, San Diego
4. Cape Hatteras, Outer Banks, NC
Duncanville students, have Mr. Eck tell you all about NC.
5. East Beach, East Hampton, NY
6. Kahanamoku Beach, Waikiki, Honolulu
7. Coast Guard Beach, Cape Cod, MA
8. Beachwalker Park, Kiawah, SC
9. Hamoa Beach, Maui, Hawaii
10. Cape Florida State Park, Key Biscayne, FL
37
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 14, 2010 - Week #10
1- Chicago, Cleveland, Buffalo
2. Tina Fey will receive the award.
3- Little Rock, AR; Topeka, KS
4- Baton Rouge, LA; Tallahassee, FL
5. White, or at least we hope it still is.
6. Atlanta Falcons
7. Booker T. Washington was the most influential black leader and educator of his time. He was the
founder and head of the Tuskegee Institute. Know anything about the Tuskegee Airmen? *
Rosa Parks was born in Tuskegee.
8. Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Indianapolis. Monument Circle is why Indianapolis is called
“Circle City”. It’s not because of the race track.
9. A vexillologist is a person who studies the science and history of flags, so you would be studying and
trying to learn about the history of our flag. Something you might learn. Myth has it that Betsy
Ross sewed our first flag, but she didn’t. Francis Hopkinson probably designed the first flag.
The 929.9 shelf is the flag section in the library.
“God Bless America” was written especially for Kate Smith. She first sang it on Nov. 11, 1938.
10. Charlotte(CAR) Panthers going to Tampa Bay.
11. 3:05 in Kansas City. Hope all you KANSAS CITY STAR students are watching the game.
12. Denver **
13. Hudson River. Clermont
14. St. Louis Rams vs. San Francisco 49ers. A historical marker in front of the Daisy Airgun Museum in
Rogers, AR, recounts that Rogers was a changing station for the teams of horses on the
Butterfield Stagecoach route.
* Mr. Washington gave us great words to live by. "I believe that any man's life will be filled with
constant and unexpected encouragement, if he makes up his mind to do his level best each day
and as nearly as possible reaching the high-water mark of pure and useful living."
** Parallel is a synonym for latitude. Memory hint: The first syllable of latitude sounds the same as
ladder. And rungs of a ladder are--parallel. Lines of longitude are also called meridians, as in the
Greenwich Meridian which is the prime meridian from where all time is measured.
Are you BOSTON HERALD students aware of the big Boston fire of November 9, 1872? It is strange
It came exactly one year, one month and one day after the Great Chicago Fine.
NEXT WEEK:
State capitals with “City” as part of their name
Akron, OH, is “Rubber Capital of the World”
Hells Canyon carved by the Snake River on the Oregon-Idaho border
Civil War and Appomattox Court House
Heritage of New York, New England and New Orleans
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Want to study Louisville, KY?
38
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 21, 2010 - Week #11
1- Boston. Will any BOSTON HERALD students be at the game?
2- Indianapolis is larger than Boston 798,382 – 609,023 = 189,359
3- 1:00 in Seattle
4- 4:00 in Tampa Bay
5-
Seattle Seahawks over
Tampa Bay Buccaneers over
NY Giants over
Cleveland Browns
Green Bay Packers
Oklahoma City, OK
Santa Fe, NM
Trenton, NJ
Charleston, WV
St. Paul, MN
6. Carson City, NV
Salt Lake City, UT
Jefferson City, MO
7. “Rubber Capital of the World” Soap Box Derby www.aasbd.org About 45% of the entrants in the
Soap Box Derby are girls. SGS
8. Hells Canyon or Grand Canyon of the Snake River is 40 miles long and from 7,900 to 8,032 feet
deep. If you dropped a rock from the top it would take a half minute for it to hit the river. Try to
get the students to realize this is a mile and a half deep. The length of 26 football fields.
Go to www.nps.gov and search for Hells Canyon SGS
9. Nevada. Do you LAS VEGAS REVIEW-JOURNAL students know anyone that has participated in the
wild horse roundup each year? What’s your opinion on the controversy that surrounds this event
each year? Math: To prevent them for going to the slaughterhouse, last July 172 horses were
purchased for $31,415.00. What was the average price per horse? $182.65 *
On July 20, 2010, it was estimated that 1,137 to 1,197 horses had been removed from the Elko,
NV, area, and 337 to 561 were allowed to remain in the area. Source: BLM
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Spirit of the Shrinking West—Mustangs”, February
2009, pages 100 – 117
10. Beaver Moon, but understand full moons have different names. The Indians of the Northeast named
this moon because the beavers were busily preparing themselves for the coming winter.
11. Appomattox Court House is where General Lee surrendered to General Grant to end the Civil War.
12. New England = English. New York = English. New Orleans = French. New York was first named
New Amsterdam, and this = Dutch. As part of the Anglo-Dutch Wars, on September 8, 1664, the
Duke of York(later called James II) captured New Amsterdam and changed the name. **
continued
39
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 21, 2010 - Week #11
Who took possession of the WOODEN SHOES in the game between Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute and Union College played on October 30th?
13. Philadelphia Eagles
14. Louisville, KY ***
15.
A. Boston
B. Nashville
C. New Orleans
D. New York
E. Saint Louis
F. San Francisco
_D_ Empire State Building
_E_ Gateway Arch
_F_ Golden Gate Bridge
_A_ Old North Church
_B_ Parthenon
_C_ Vieux Carre’ or French Quarter
* For more information, search for U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Interior
or the Nevada Department of Agriculture.
** Ask the TIMES UNION students in Albany, NY, about the Dutch heritage. Some of them may
still wear wooden shoes to school. Who named the Hudson River? You students in Guilderland
know. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. magazine “Heart of the Hudson River”, March 1996, pages
72 - 95. NY State Museum has acquired all the colonial Dutch artifacts from the South Street
Seaport Museum in NYC. Was Albany once called Beverwyck? Think so!!! If Albany has Dutch
roots, why does the capitol look like a French Chateau?
*** A social studies lesson for your students, perhaps for some extra credit points. An old airline ad
stated:
“For bats
bets
boats
bourbon www.kybourbonfestival.com
burley, or for whatever reason you may be going to Louisville, we get you there
best." Can your students do some research and determine how all these things relate to
Louisville?
A. The Louisville Slugger baseball bat is made here.
B. Maybe $2.00 on a horse in the Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs.
C. Many boats and barges on the Ohio River.
D. Kentucky is the leading bourbon producing state. Mint Julep anyone?
E. Grows a lot of burley tobacco.
Other “B” words students might find are Braille and Bellarmine. The American Printing House for
the Blind, the world’s largest publisher of Braille products, is located in Louisville. Bellarmine
University is in Louisville.
NEXT WEEK:
JFK assassinated in Dallas, TX
Many rivers of the United States
Fall Line cities. “Keeping your nose to the grindstone”
Meridians run north and south, but measure distance east and west
Mt. Whitney and Death Valley
Sequoia trees
40
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 28, 2010 - Week #12
1- New York
2- Texas
3- New Orleans Saints, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers.
4- Harrisburg, PA
5. Dallas, TX
6- _3_ Arkansas, _1_ Colorado _6_ Illinois, _5_ Mississippi, _4_ Missouri, _2_ Rio Grande
7- Minneapolis(MN) Vikings
8. Raleigh, NC; Richmond, VA
9. The Fall Line marks the farthest point inland a ship can go up a river. The Fall Line of the
Eastern United States goes from Newark, NJ, to Alabama, and is a great source of electric
power. The falling water can be used to turn turbines to generate electricity.
For these reasons many important cities are found along the Fall Line. Some of the cities are:
Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Columbia, SC, Raleigh, NC, Richmond, VA, Fredericksburg, VA,
Washington, DC, Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA, and Newark, NJ, and into southern New York.
Have two students connect these cities with push-pins and yarn on a map. * SGS
Just 12 miles from the heart of Washington, D.C., you’ll find Great Falls National Park where a
series of waterfalls drops the Potomac 76 feet over a granite escarpment in a distance of 3,500
feet. A wonderful illustration of the Fall Line. www.nps.gov/grfa/
SGS
Search for George Washington Memorial Parkway, and click on Great Falls Park.
Students at Liberty High School are raising money to restore a 19th century gristmill on
Monocacy Creek in Bethlehem, PA. For information on this project, contact:
Karen Dolan, Liberty High School
1115 Linden Street Bethlehem, PA 18018
www.illicksmill.org
10. Washington, D.C.
11. Teacher, you may hear that Death Valley is:
SGS
A. 282 feet below sea level, lowest point in Western Hemisphere.
B. Highest temperature ever recorded in United States of 134 degrees on July 10, 1913.
Temperatures of 125 degrees are common. Death Valley is in the rain shadow of the
Panamint Range. The most rainfall ever received was 4.6 inches in 1941, and there
was no rainfall in 1929 and 1953.
C. Borax discovered here in 1873. Are students aware of the 20-mule teams?
D. Death Valley is a national monument.
Mt. Whitney, at 14,494 feet above sea level, and Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level,
are the highest and lowest points in the 48 states; and they are only about 80 miles apart.
Mt. McKinley in Alaska is the highest point in the U.S. at 20,320 ft.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Death Valley”, November 2007, pages 76 – 95.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “California Desert Lands”, May 1996, pages 54 – 79.
12. Sequoia trees are cousins to the Redwoods. ** SGS General Sherman is the largest tree in the
world.
13. Synonyms for latitude and longitude on page 38. Meridian Street would run north & south, but
measure distances east & west. SGS
continued
41
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
November 28, 2010 - Week #12
* Tell your students to "keep their noses to the grind stone." Falling water was a source of power for
turning millstones to grind corn and wheat. If the stones became too close the friction would burn
the grain. Therefore, keeping your nose to the grind stone made it possible to smell if the finely
ground grain was being scorched. The Fall Line cities are on the eastern side of the Appalachian
Mts. in the Piedmont or hilly section. The Fall Line marks the dividing line between the
Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Piedmont means "foot of the mountain."
** Sequoias do not grow as tall as Redwoods, but their trunks are larger. The General Sherman is the
world’s biggest living thing, 274.9 feet tall and 102.5 feet around, with a trunk weighing about 2.8
million pounds. See if someone has a picture of the highway built through the trunk of a sequoia,
but that tree has fallen and the picture was taken in Yosemite. SGS
In August 2009, it was reported that the 254.7 ft. Robert E. Lee is rotting and you may need a
hard hat if viewing it as falling bark may hit you. www.sequoiahistory.org
NEXT WEEK:
Looking for hurricane data and information
Louisa May Alcott born in Philadelphia
Mason-Dixon Line
Cumberland Gap
Who are the presidents on Mt. Rushmore?
Mark Twain and the Mississippi River
Calaveras County in Northern California. Northeast of Stockton.
Have the American literature teacher get involved with you in giving
the Mark Twain quiz.
Corn Palace in Mitchell, SD
Rust Belt of the United States
PLANNING AHEAD AND GETTING CREATIVE: In Week #14, Rust Belt cities are discussed.
Many cities across the country, especially Rust Belt cites, are into “destination branding”,
especially since “Staycations” are being heavily promoted. They are trying to advertise their
cities as being a tourist destination city. They are trying to come up with catchy slogans like,
“What Happens in Vegas, Stays in Vegas”, “I Love New York”, “Virginia is for Lovers”, etc.
For example, the world’s largest buffalo has stood near I-94 in Jamestown, ND, for 50 years, but
in July it was finally given a name. Winning contest submission was “Dakota Thunder”.
What could you do to promote your city? Can your class come up with some catchy slogans
that might help your city with destination branding? Speak with your mayor or your Chamber of
Commerce. Does you city have a Convention and Visitors Bureau?
You might check out the websites for: www.northstarideas.com or www.destinationmarketing.org
Please let your NIE coordinator / director / marketing person know if your class is taking this challenge.
In July, a well known travel magazine announced the results of a poll they conducted.
Most beautiful city in the world:
Favorite family vacation place:
Favorite national park:
Favorite city for shopping:
San Francisco
Williamsburg—pollsters were surprised it was not Orlando.
Yellowstone
New York City
42
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 5, 2010 - Week #13
Now that hurricane season is over, look for newspaper articles that compared the predictions made in
July with the number of hurricanes that actually occurred. How many named storms? How many were
major? How many touched the U.S. mainland?
1- Atlanta Falcons, Pittsburgh Steelers, NY Jets
2. Pittsburgh Steelers *
3- Phoenix, Nashville, Indianapolis, Boston
4. Philadelphia Eagles
5. I – 94. Corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats. www.roadsideamerica.com/story/13038
The word cereal is from Cerealia, the name of ancient Roman ceremonies that
honored Ceres, the goddess of grain. **
6- San Diego. Hope the Raiders don’t party in Gaslamp Quarters. Mr. Whipple won’t let them.
7. Houston Texans. The Cumberland Gap is a natural pass in the Appalachian Mountains. Pioneers
used the gap as a passage to the West. Daniel Boone blazed the Wilderness Road via the gap.
Do you students in Lancaster know that Daniel Boone was born in Berks County?
8. G. Washington, A. Lincoln, T. Jefferson, T. Roosevelt. SGS The presidents were given
a “facial” in July of 2005 to remove decades of damaging dirt, grime & lichens.
Washington = Liberty/Independence; Lincoln = Unity/Preservation; Jefferson =
Growth/Expansion; Roosevelt =Courage/bravery/conservation. www.nps.gov/moru
9. Missouri River
10. Minneapolis for “Life on the Mississippi”.
11. San Francisco 49ers. ***
12. Corn Palace
13. Eight(8) games. Philadelphia, Baltimore, Detroit, Minneapolis, NYC, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Boston
Clip newspaper articles related to population and employment movement away from the Rust Belt
and toward the Sun Belt. **** However, be aware of this trend in cities. Young professionals,
retired elderly, empty nesters and baby boomers are moving back into the cities. They don’t
need the traditional familial setting with a big yard. Traffic congestion and high gasoline prices
have people seeking housing closer to jobs and public transportation. SGS
Poor, mostly minority, urban areas continue to make up the American Rust Belt in cities such as
Buffalo, NY; Flint, MI; Columbus, OH; and Indianapolis. A neighborhood on the western side of
Columbus is the nation’s emptiest. Source: Associated Press May 5, 2009.
* A boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. It was popularly known as the dividing line
between the free and slave states, but this was not its purpose. It was the result of a dispute
between the Penns of Pennsylvania and the Calverts of Maryland. Milestones brought from
England were set along the line. Referred to as “crown stones,” every fifth stone bore the arms of
the Calvert family on one side and the Penn family on the other. This 233-mile line does not
extend west of the Ohio River. Can they still be seen anywhere? This line was later used in the
Missouri Compromise to settle an issue of free and slave states, and the term is generically used
to mean a line between the North and the South.
continued
43
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 5, 2010 - Week #13
** THE WORLD ALMANAC stopped including grain production figures after 2008. This information
may be correct but it is not certain. This could be a good research project for some students.
Remember, there are many varieties of wheat, so one state could lead in one type and another
state in another type. The following information is for 2009 from the USDA.
The leading ____corn_______
The leading ____wheat______
The leading ____rice________
The leading ____oats_______
The leading ____barley_____
producing state is ___Iowa_________.
producing state is ___North Dakota_______.
producing state is ___Arkansas_____.
producing state is ___Wisconsin_____.
producing state is ___North Dakota_____.
http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/SmalGraiSu/SmalGraiSu-09-30-2009.pdf The USDA
estimates for 2010 is that Kansas will again be the leading wheat growing state in the nation.
*** This was Isaac Asimov’s Super Quiz on Mark Twain of July 20, 2010
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What was Mark Twain’s birth name? Samuel Langhorne Clemens
Which of his works is called “The Great American Novel”? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Which of Twain’s character had a half brother named Sidney? Tom Sawyer
Which novel was about two physically identical boys? The Prince and the Pauper
Which of his novels featured a time traveler? A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
His first great success was a story about this jumping animal. Frog. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County
What kind of a license did he receive at age 23? Steamboat pilot license
Why did Twain stop working on riverboats in 1861? Civil War stopped river traffic
His family home and museum can be visited in this city. Hartford, CT
Where is Mark Twain buried? Elmira, NY. elmira.edu
marktwainhouse.org - marktwainriverboat.com - marktwainmuseum.org - marktwaincave.com
**** Assign a couple of students to be demographers and clip and collect any articles related to trends in
population shifts in the U.S. from now to May 31. Your population table shows seven of the top 10
cities in the U.S. are in the Sun Belt. SGS
Look at THE WORLD ALMANAC 2010, page 612, and see the states with the greatest
percentage of population increase are all out of the Rust Belt. The biggest losers of the youth
population were: VT, ND, ME, MI, RI. The biggest gainers of young people were: NV, AZ, UT,
GA, TX. Source: Census Bureau report on January 8, 2010.
NEXT WEEK:
French heritage of St. Louis and New Orleans
Mississippi River forms a natural boundary between 10 states
Ste. Genevieve, MO, oldest city west of Mississippi River
Ohio River forms a natural boundary between five states
New Madrid in the “Bootheel” of Missouri
Earthquake in New Madrid created Reelfoot Lake in TN
Crater Lake – Redwood Empire – Orange growing states
Mountains of the Cascade Range
Minneapolis, “Land of Hiawatha”, New Orleans, “Evangeline Country”
44
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 12, 2010 - Week #14
1- Nashville, Phoenix
2- Detroit, Charlotte, Phoenix, Pittsburgh
3- Cleveland Browns
4- New York City
5- New Orleans. French heritage. You might want to visit Mud Island in Memphis again.
6. Eastern border(West side of river) MN, IA, MO, AR, LA
Western border(East side of river) WI, IL, KY, TN, MS
7. Popeye, the sailor man. www.popeye.com
8. Oldest permanent European settlement west of the Mississippi River. Ste. Genevieve was settled in
1735, but this date is disputed by some. www.ste-genevieve.com
9. I-55
10. An earthquake with quakes that lasted to February 12, 1812. It is reported the Mississippi River ran
backwards, and this earthquake created Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee. Madrid is pronounced
Mad’ rid. Not Ma drid’ as in Spain.
11- Cincinnati Bengals
12. WV, KY, OH, IN, IL
13. Atlanta Falcons vs. Charlotte(CAR) Panthers *
14. Foot of the Mountain
15. Atlanta Falcons vs. Charlotte(CAR) Panthers. Accept Georgia & North Carolina.
Most of the carpet in the U.S. is made in a 50 mile radius of Dalton, GA. Mother probably knows
that North Carolina is the leading furniture manufacturing state in the nation. However, people in
North Carolina bemoan that much furniture manufacturing is being done in other countries. SGS
16. Kansas City Chiefs. Unlike other trail into the West, this was a trail for trade and commerce.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Along the Santa Fe Trail”, March 1991, pages 98-123.
17. At 1,932 ft., it is the deepest lake in the United States. This is a review from Week #7.
18. Redwood Empire. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “The Tallest Trees—Redwoods”, October
2009, pages 28 – 63.
19.
1. Mt. Adams
__5__ 8,366 **
2. Mt. Hood
__3__ 10,457
3. Lassen Peak
__2__ 11,239
4. Mt. Rainier
__1__ 12,277
5. Mt. St. Helens
__6__ 14,162
6. Mt. Shasta
__4__ 14,410
Search for Cascades Volcano Observatory and find lots of sites and information, or look at
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html Why is “vulcan” a good name to be a part of this URL?
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Cascade Mountains—Living on Fire”, May 1998, page 6 – 37.
20. Florida and California.
Most of the oranges from Florida are squeezed for juice.
Most of the oranges from California are used as table fruit. SGS
Florida and California are the leading tomato producing states, too. By contrast, most of Florida’s
tomatoes are to be eaten. Most of California’s tomatoes are used for catsup/ketchup, sauces and
juice. Florida grows tomatoes during the winter, but California does not start growing until
February or March.
continued
45
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 12, 2010 - Week #14
21. Minneapolis, “Land of Hiawatha”, New Orleans, “Evangeline Country”, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
magazine, “Cajuns”, October 1990, pages 40-65.
22. Four Corners ***
23. I-85. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “North Carolina’s Piedmont: On a Fast Break”,
March 1995, pages 114-138 SGS
* Researchers have created a fungus that may kill kudzu. It is Myrothecium verrucaria. Researchers
are trying to mix the fungus with a herbicide to make it safe enough for home use. This is an
invasive species from Japan that was brought here with good intentions that went wrong.
** NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Mt. St. Helens”, May 2000, page 106. See this volcanocam:
www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/mshnvm
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Mount St. Helens—New Life in the Blast Zone”, May 2010,
pages 34 – 53
*** This is a picture of the actual marker at Four Corners.
More accurate GPS measurements in the spring of 2009, changed the exact location of Four
Corners by about 200 yards. However, we will not worry about the exact location until we all get
new maps. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “State of Rock”, May 2005, pages 32 – 47, is
about beautiful rock formations in the Four Corners region.
NEXT WEEK:
The Allegheny and Monongahela rivers form the Ohio River
Mt. Mitchell, in NC, is the tallest peak east of the Mississippi River
Outer Banks of North Carolina and Wright Brothers
Boston Tea Party, and the Tea Party impact of November 2010
Yellowstone National Park – Continental Divide
Ft. Sumter in Charleston, SC
Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee
Produce and farming in California
Calculating mileage
On Monday, December 13th, start calculating the decreasing hours of daylight from the weather page of
your newspaper leading down to the winter solstice on Dec. 21st, the shortest day of the year. The
solstice occurs at 6:38 P.M. EST. Figure the hours of daylight one more time when you return from
Christmas break. The length of the day will have increased by several minutes.
Do this if studying the changing seasons, rotation and revolution of the Earth, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of
Capricorn and Equator are part of your curriculum.
46
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 19, 2010 - Week #15
1- Pittsburgh, Cincinnati
2. The Allegheny and Monongahela rivers come together at the Golden Triangle. SGS
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Pittsburgh--Stronger than Steel”, December 1991, pages 125 – 145
3- St. Louis, Cincinnati * Can you take a world tour in your state?
4- I-70, Columbia, MO
5- I-71, Columbus, OH. I think you will find it was Charles Dickens that called Cincinnati the “Queen
City of the West”. Can you EQUIRER students confirm this statement? Let Ms. Garrison know.
6. Mt. Mitchell, at 6,684 ft., is the tallest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. Mt.
Washington gets all the publicity, but Mt. Mitchell is the tallest. SGS Going west, you do not find
a higher peak in the U.S. until you get to Harney Peak near Mt. Rushmore in South Dakota.
7. Kill Devil Hills **
8. The Wright Brothers ran a bicycle shop in Dayton, OH, where they built the first airplane. They took
it to Kitty Hawk, NC, to fly it. So, they are both telling the truth. Look at the back of the new
quarters for North Carolina and Ohio. Ohio protested the design of North Carolina, but North
Carolina, in so many words said, “We were here first, so shove it.” Having Wright-Patterson Air
Force base in Dayton makes sense, too. The University of Dayton’s team name is the Flyers.
9- Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario
10. Boston. Try to review and have the class assess the impact of the Tea Party movement of 2010 on
the November elections.
11- Yellowstone National Park. This was our first national park.
12- _2_ Mississippi, _3_ Missouri, _4_ Platte, _1_ Tennessee, _5_ Yellowstone. You LA CROSSE
TRIBUNE students should know the Falcons will fly over La Crosse, WA.
13- Appalachian Mts. accept Georgia or Alabama. Rocky Mountains: accept Wyoming, Montana or
Idaho. Cascade Range: Washington. An interesting assignment would be to have two students
plot the Continental Divide from Mexico to Canada. If this is done, then the answer to crossing
the Rocky Mountains would be Montana. See: THE WORLD ALMANAC-2010 page 454.
14. NY Jets going to Pennsylvania. Philadelphia Eagles going to New York.
15. Buffalo Bills
16. Civil War began
17. Oak Ridge National Laboratory was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project to build the
atomic bomb. All chemistry, physics and other science teachers will want to find out about all the
kinds of research going on in Oak Ridge now. The American Museum of Science and Energy is in
Oak Ridge, TN. SGS
18. San Andreas Fault and San Joaquin Valley. **
SGS
continued
47
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 19, 2010 - Week #15
19.
1. Castroville
2. Fallbrook
3. Fresno
4. Gilroy
5. Indio
6. Lompoc
7. Napa Valley
8. Oxnard
9. Richvale
10. Sacramento
11. Salinas
12. Stockton
13. Tulare County
14. Tulelake
15. Ventura County
16. Watsonville
17. Yuba City
_10__ almonds & pears
This website may help. www.cfaitc.org
__1__ artichokes
www.artichoke-festival.org
_12__ asparagus
www.asparagusfest.com
__2__ avocados
__5__ dates
__6__ flowers
__8__ fruit & vegetable seeds
__4__ garlic
www.gilroygarlicfestival.com
__7__ grapes
_13__ horseradish
_14__ lemon festival in September
_13__ “milk it for all it’s worth”
_17__ prunes
__3__ raisins
__9__ rice
www.mbsf.com
_11__ spinach
_16__ strawberries SGS
NOTE: You may not choose to do the above matching activity as students may care little about Calif.
If this is the case, you are encouraged to have your students do research and come up with the
same type of activity for cities within YOUR STATE. It doesn’t have to be about produce. Let it
be about whatever a city is noted for. Just an example of what you might do for Illinois.
1. Belleville
2. Bloomington
3. Carbondale
4. Chicago
5. Collinsville
6. Granite City
7. Moline
8. Peoria
_8_ Caterpillar
_2_ Insurance
_7_ John Deere Co.
_4_ John Hancock Building
_1_ Scott Air Force Base
_3_ Southern Illinois University
_6_ Steel mills
_5_ World’s largest catsup bottle
www.catsupbottle.com
20. Jacksonville = N.W.; Washington = S.W.; New Orleans = N.E., Green Bay = S.E.
21. South
22. 657 miles + or - ***
* You can make a world tour within Ohio by visiting Amsterdam, Antwerp, Athens, Berlin, Calcutta,
Cambridge, Dover, Dresden, Dublin, Elba, Essex, Ghent, Geneva, Glandorf, Greenwich,
Macedonia, Malta, Mesopotamia, Paris, Parma, Rome, Sparta, Stratford, Syracuse, Toledo,
Toronto, Troy, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw, Waterloo, Yorkshire. If you don’t like finding all these
cities, then just forget about it and go to Utopia.
** The Wright Brothers chose Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina for the following reasons:
The barrier islands offered steady winds.
The high dunes were good for launch elevation.
The sand made for a soft landing.
*** You will always be given a plus or minus figure with the mileage. How many miles allowed "+" or "-"
the figure given will depend upon the ability of your class. Sixth to 12th graders that can measure
continued
48
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 19, 2010 - Week #15
to the 1/16th of an inch and divide fractions and/or decimals should only given about 10 miles
leeway. 4th and 5th graders or other students who have to use the edge of a paper marked with
the scale of miles may be given 40-50 miles.
IT IS INTENDED THE STUDENTS LEARN TO USE THE SCALE OF MILES ON THE MAP TO
CALCULATE THE MILEAGE. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A REFERENCE QUESTION WHERE
THEY GO TO AN ATLAS OR SOME INTERNET SOURCE FOR THE ANSWER.
NEXT WEEK:
Sacagawea and the Missouri River
Florida for oranges, and Washington for Apples
Studying the products of many states
The winter solstice occurs on December 21st, at 6:38 p.m. EST
James Oglethorpe settled Georgia and founded the city of Savannah
Richmond, VA, is a Federal Reserve city, but not a NFL city
Great Plains is also “Tornado Alley”
Finger Lakes of western New York
General Washington crossing the Delaware near Philadelphia
In July, six national sports publications made their Super Bowl picks for this year. The picks of the six
were:
Ravens over the Vikings
Ravens over the Cowboys
Cowboys over the Jets
Packers over Colts
Jets over Colts
Vikings over Colts
Who do you think will win the Super Bowl? Why don’t you have each member of your class make a
prediction?
49
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 26, 2010 - Week #16
1- Florida
2- Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri
3. Dallas Cowboys vs. Phoenix(AZ) Cardinals. A full grown saguaro can live 200 years and hold 200
gallons of water.
4. Missouri River
5. Cumberland River, Tennessee River, Ohio River, Mississippi River, Missouri River
Note: The Cumberland flows into the Ohio, too, but ships go from Barkley Lake(Cumberland
River) to Kentucky Lake(Tennessee River) through a canal three miles from Kentucky Dam.
www.kentuckylake.com
6. Seattle Seahawks going to Tampa Bay
7.
__6__ Arkansas
__2__ Florida
__5__ Idaho
__7__ Kansas
__3__ Mississippi
__1__ Washington
__4__ Wyoming
1. apples
2. citrus
3. catfish
4. coal
5. potatoes
6. rice
7. wheat
SGS
8. Atlanta Falcons
9. Savannah, GA. On December 21, 1864, General Sherman’s “March to the Sea” reached Savannah.
Then on December 24, Sherman sent President Lincoln a telegram stating, “I beg to present you
as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah.”
10. Edward L. Drake hit the first oil well in the United States in Titusville. SGS
11. Quaker State and Pennzoil. Wonder where Texaco had its start? On May 27, 1889, the South Penn
Oil Co. was founded, and this later became the Pennzoil Co. Quaker State moved from Oil City,
PA, to Irving, TX, in 1995. They then merged with Pennzoil in 1998, and moved to Houston, TX.
12. TBD. Daylight will be minimal on the shortest day of the year, ranging from 12 hours 8 minutes at the
Equator to zero at the Artic Circle. Hours of daylight will change with the changing latitude.
Trivia: Do any students know about Carhenge in Alliance, NE? www.carhenge.com
13. Richmond, VA. 1) Boston; 2) New York City; 3) Philadelphia; 4) Cleveland; 5) Richmond;
6) Atlanta; 7) Chicago; 8) St. Louis; 9) Minneapolis; 10) Kansas City; 11) Dallas
12) San Francisco.
The Bureau of Engraving prints money at two sites, Washington, D.C. and Ft. Worth, TX. About
60 percent of the money printed in the U.S. is printed in Ft. Worth. On the face of a bill, look on
the right hand side, and if you see a tiny “FW” you know it was printed in Ft. Worth. Bills printed
in Washington have no designation.
14. “Tornado Alley” Consult the National Climatic Data Center www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Also see the Storm Prediction Center is in Norman, OK.
www.spc.noaa.gov
Also see: www.disastercenter.com/tornado.html
continued
50
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
December 26, 2010 - Week #16
Ask students if they know any “ham” radio operators that are a member of RACES. Radio
Amateurs in Civil Emergency Service. If so, ask a “ham” operator to speak to your class. *
15. Boston(N.E.) Patriots Glaciers made the Finger Lakes. ** Of course, you students in Minnesota
know it was glaciers that made the “10,000 lakes” of your state. www.visitfingerlakes.com and
www.fingerlakes.org
SGS
16. Philadelphia Eagles might recall this historic event.
17. 385 miles + or –
18. 880 miles + or –
19. 1:05 in San Francisco
20. Kansas City, MO. Students in KC getting this correct will get a STAR from your teacher.
* The movie TWISTER was made in 1996. Here are some words and phrases from that movie you
might want to discuss, explore and research. Backbuilding, gate-to-gate, microburst, mammatus,
downdraft, unstable, backing, VILs, upslope flow, dewpoint, veering, F-scale, dryline, mesos,
hook, CAP, punch the core, ground clutter, cone of silence, flanking line, lifted indices,
bearscage, mesonet, PRF.
** The area is made up of 11 finger-shaped lakes of different sizes, running lengthwise in a northsouth direction. The region is within a “box” of a line drawn from Rochester to Syracuse to
Binghamton to Corning to Rochester.
Crews excavating the World Trade Center site in the summer of 2008, uncovered features carved
into the bedrock by glaciers about 20,000 years ago, including a 40-foot deep pothole.
Geologists called it an amazing find.
NEXT WEEK:
Natural and political boundaries
Interstate highways
Time zones
Boston was first city to have a YMCA
Mummer’s Parade in Philadelphia
London Bridge in Lake Havasu City, AZ,
Evolution and curtailment of the Pledge of Allegiance
Latitude and longitude exercise.
51
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
January 2, 2011 - Week #17
1- NY Jets
2- Chicago Bears, Phoenix(AZ) Cardinals, Pittsburgh Steelers, Charlotte(CAR) Panthers
3. Phoenix(AZ) Cardinals
4.
Minneapolis(MN) Vikings over
Dallas Cowboys over
NY Giants over
Jacksonville Jaguars near
Oakland Raiders near
Lansing, MI
Little Rock, AR and Charleston, WV
Trenton, NJ
Tallahassee, FL
Topeka, KS
5- The Jacksonville Jaguars on I - 10. The Charlotte(CAR) Panthers on I - 85. *
The Miami Dolphins on I - 95. The Nashville(TN) Titans on I - 65.
6- Seven(7) teams will stay within their own time zone.
7. Boston(N.E.) Patriots. The name of the YMCA was officially changed to just the “Y” on July 12, 2010.
8. Philadelphia Eagles. Have any of you INTELLIGENCER JOURNAL students been to the parade?
Hope all you students in Grand Forks, Toledo, Youngstown, Hanover and York enjoy First Night.
9. London Bridge was disassembled, shipped to the U.S. and reassembled at Lake Havasu City. It
was dedicated on October 10, 1971, and it isn’t falling down. See: www.golakehavasu.com
10. Arkansas River
11.
A . Flathead Lake
B. Lake Michigan
C. Lake Okeechobee
D. Lake Pontchartrain
E. Lake Tahoe
_C_ 27 degrees N. lat & 81 degrees W. long
_B_ 42 degrees N. lat & 87 degrees W. long
_D_ 30 degrees N. lat & 90 degrees W. long
_A_ 48 degrees N. lat & 114 degrees W. long
_E_ 39 degrees N. lat & 120 degrees W. long
SGS
12. December 28, 1945. The words “under God” were added to the Pledge in 1954, but in 2002 a
federal appeals judge found the pledge unconstitutional for use in public schools due to the
“under God” phrase.
In July and August, 2010, atheist groups and church groups were doing battling billboard in
western North Carolina. Atheist groups had billboards in six cities with the Pledge of Allegiance,
but with “under God” omitted. Church groups put up billboards with the Pledge and “under God”
inserted.
* I-85 is called the “Backbone of the Piedmont”. It is believed that I-95 is the busiest Interstate in the
United States. The Santa Monica Freeway (I - 10) is the busiest small stretch of Interstate in the
U.S., but over all, honors go to I - 95.
Related to United States history, you might inform the students that January 1, is the birthday of
Paul Revere(1735), and Betsy Ross(1752).
52
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Enjoy this cereal character quiz!
1. Toucan Sam
____ a. Lucky Charms
2. Dig ‘em
____ b. Cocoa Puffs
3. Snap! Crackle! & Pop!
____ c. Frosted Flakes
4. The Rabbit
____ d. Smacks
5. L.C. Leprechaun
____ e. Cookie Crisp
6. Tony the Tiger
____ f. Rice Krispies
7. Cornelius the Rooster
____ g. Trix
8. The Baker
____ h. Honey Nut Cherrios
9. Sonny,--Cuckoo Bird
____ I. Corn Flakes
10. The Cookie Hound
____ j. Cinnamon Toast Crunch
11. BuzzBee
____ k. Froot Loops
12. Sugar Bear
____ l. Golden Crisp
___________________________________________________________________________________
Fold Here To Hide Answers
1-k, 2-d, 3-f, 4-g, 5-a, 6-c, 7-I, 8-j, 9-b, 10-e, 11-h, 12-L
53
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Matching State and Capital Quiz
1. Alabama
2. Alaska
3. Arizona
4. Arkansas
5. California
6. Colorado
7. Connecticut
8. Delaware
9. Florida
10. Georgia
11. Hawaii
12. Idaho
13. Illinois
14. Indiana
15. Iowa
16. Kansas
17. Kentucky
18. Louisiana
19. Maine
20. Maryland
21. Massachusetts
22. Michigan
23. Minnesota
24. Mississippi
25. Missouri
26. Montana
27. Nebraska
28. Nevada
29. New Hampshire
30. New Jersey
31. New Mexico
32. New York
33. North Carolina
34. North Dakota
35. Ohio
36. Oklahoma
37. Oregon
38. Pennsylvania
39. Rhode Island
40. South Carolina
41. South Dakota
42. Tennessee
43. Texas
44. Utah
45. Vermont
46. Virginia
47. Washington
48. West Virginia
49. Wisconsin
50. Wyoming
___ Albany
___ Annapolis
___ Atlanta
___ Augusta
___ Austin
___ Baton Rouge
___ Bismarck
___ Boise
___ Boston
___ Carson City
___ Charleston
___ Cheyenne
___ Columbia
___ Columbus
___ Concord
___ Denver
___ Des Moines
___ Dover
___ Frankfort
___ Harrisburg
___ Hartford
___ Helena
___ Honolulu
___ Indianapolis
___ Jackson
___ Jefferson City
___ Juneau
___ Lansing
___ Lincoln
___ Little Rock
___ Madison
___ Montgomery
___ Montpelier
___ Nashville
___ Oklahoma City
___ Olympia
___ Phoenix
___ Pierre
___ Providence
___ Raleigh
___ Richmond
___ Sacramento
___ Saint Paul
___ Salem
___ Salt Lake City
___ Santa Fe
___ Springfield
___ Tallahassee
___ Topeka
___ Trenton
54
Matching State and Capital Quiz
Answer Key
1. Alabama
2. Alaska
3. Arizona
4. Arkansas
5. California
6. Colorado
7. Connecticut
8. Delaware
9. Florida
10. Georgia
11. Hawaii
12. Idaho
13. Illinois
14. Indiana
15. Iowa
16. Kansas
17. Kentucky
18. Louisiana
19. Maine
20. Maryland
21. Massachusetts
22. Michigan
23. Minnesota
24. Mississippi
25. Missouri
26. Montana
27. Nebraska
28. Nevada
29. New Hampshire
30. New Jersey
31. New Mexico
32. New York
33. North Carolina
34. North Dakota
35. Ohio
36. Oklahoma
37. Oregon
38. Pennsylvania
39. Rhode Island
40. South Carolina
41. South Dakota
42. Tennessee
43. Texas
44. Utah
45. Vermont
46. Virginia
47. Washington
48. West Virginia
49. Wisconsin
50. Wyoming
32_ Albany
20_ Annapolis
10_ Atlanta
19_ Augusta
43_ Austin
18_ Baton Rouge
34_ Bismarck
12_ Boise
21_ Boston
28_ Carson City
48_ Charleston
50_ Cheyenne
40_ Columbia
35_ Columbus
29_ Concord
6_ Denver
15_ Des Moines
8_ Dover
17_ Frankfort
38_ Harrisburg
7_ Hartford
26_ Helena
11_ Honolulu
14_ Indianapolis
24_ Jackson
25_ Jefferson City
2_ Juneau
22_ Lansing
27_ Lincoln
4_ Little Rock
49_ Madison
1_ Montgomery
45_ Montpelier
42_ Nashville
36_ Oklahoma City
47_ Olympia
3_ Phoenix
34_ Pierre
39_ Providence
33_ Raleigh
46_ Richmond
5_ Sacramento
23_ Saint Paul
37_ Salem
44_ Salt Lake City
31_ Santa Fe
13_ Springfield
9_ Tallahassee
16_ Topeka
30_ Trenton
55
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
City, State, Team Name
Matching Exercise
1. Atlanta
2. Baltimore
3. Boston(N.E.)
4. Buffalo
5. Charlotte(CAR)
6. Chicago
7. Cincinnati
8. Cleveland
9. Dallas
10. Denver
11. Detroit
12. Green Bay
13. Houston
14. Indianapolis
15. Jacksonville
16. Kansas City
17. Miami
18. Minneapolis(MN)
19. Nashville(TN)
20. New Orleans
21. New York
22. New York
23. Oakland
24. Philadelphia
25. Phoenix(AZ)
26. Pittsburgh
27. St. Louis
28. San Diego
29. San Francisco
____Arizona
____California
____California
____California
____Colorado
____District of Columbia
____Florida
____Florida
____Florida
____Georgia
____Illinois
____Indiana
____Louisiana
____Maryland
____Massachusetts
____Michigan
____Minnesota
____Missouri
____Missouri
____New York
____New York
____New York
____North Carolina
____Ohio
____Ohio
____Pennsylvania
____Pennsylvania
____Tennessee
____Texas
____Bears
____Bengals
____Bills
____Broncos
____Browns
____Buccaneers
____Cardinals
____Chargers
____Chiefs
____Colts
____Cowboys
____Dolphins
____Eagles
____Falcons
____Forty-Niners
____Giants
____Jaguars
____Jets
____Lions
____Packers
____Panthers
____Patriots
____Raiders
____Rams
____Ravens
____Redskins
____Saints
____Seahawks
____Steelers
30. Seattle
31. Tampa
32. Washington
____Texas
____Washington
____Wisconsin
____Texans
____Titans
____Vikings
Note: The numbers of the cities may be interchanged in the STATES that have two or three teams. The numerical order of the
CITIES may be interchanged with the matching team NAMES for the two teams from New York City.
56
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
Answer Key
This will be a fun quiz to give the students about the 4th or 5th week of the season.
City, State, Team Name
1. Atlanta
25__Arizona
6__Bears
2. Baltimore
23/28/29__California
7__Bengals
3. Boston(N.E.)
29/23/28__California
4__Bills
4. Buffalo
28/29/23__California
5. Charlotte(CAR)
10__Colorado
6. Chicago
32__District of Columbia
10__Broncos
8__Browns
31__Buccaneers
7. Cincinnati
15/17/31__Florida
25__Cardinals
8. Cleveland
17/15/31__Florida
28__Chargers
9. Dallas
31/17/15__Florida
16__Chiefs
10. Denver
1__Georgia
11. Detroit
6__Illinois
14__Colts
9__Cowboys
12. Green Bay
14__Indiana
17__Dolphins
13. Houston
20__Louisiana
24__Eagles
14. Indianapolis
2__Maryland
15. Jacksonville
3__Massachusetts
16. Kansas City
11__Michigan
17. Miami
18__Minnesota
1__Falcons
29__Forty-Niners
21/22__Giants
15__Jaguars
18. Minneapolis(MN)
16/27__Missouri
19. Nashville(TN)
27/16__Missouri
20. New Orleans
4/21/22__New York
21. New York
22/4/21__New York
5__Panthers
22. New York
21/22/4__New York
3__Patriots
23. Oakland
5__North Carolina
24. Philadelphia
7/8__Ohio
25. Phoenix(AZ)
8/7__Ohio
22/21__Jets
11__Lions
12__Packers
23__Raiders
27__Rams
2__Ravens
26. Pittsburgh
24/26__Pennsylvania
32__Redskins
27. St. Louis
26/24__Pennsylvania
20__Saints
28. San Diego
19__Tennessee
30__Seahawks
29. San Francisco
9/13__Texas
26__Steelers
30. Seattle
13/9__Texas
13__Texans
31. Tampa
30__Washington
19__Titans
32. Washington
12__Wisconsin
18__Vikings
57
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY®
V ER B S a n d t h e S P O RTS P AG E
S t u d e nt R ef e r e n c e I nf or m at i o n
Listed are verbs you might want to utilize with the sports page in your NIE program. Most headlines on
the sports page are written with interesting, exciting verbs, but many are not. Many results are reported
as Buffalo 21, Minnesota 20; Detroit 27, Green Bay 13; Raiders 16, Seattle 14; etc.
Rewrite the headline game results with the verb of their choice inserted. For example, Buffalo edges
Minnesota 21-20; Lions rip Packers 27-13; Raiders nip Seattle 16-14. Make sure appropriate verbs are
used. Do not use a verb like "edge" in a game won by a wide margin, or "clobber" in a close game.
Picking verbs to match the team name is a mental exercise you may enjoy. Examples are: Flames
singe Hawks; Stars outshine Blues; Sabres stab Bruins; Pistons churn past Nets; Blue Jays peck Angels;
Pirates master Cards, Lightning bolts to first Stanley Cup. See if you can select a verb to go with the
name of each NFL team. Lions roar by, Giants stomp, Cowboys lasso, Bears maul, Redskins scalp, etc.
Be creative with some game results as: Magic make Kings look like jesters. Celtics make Wizards look
like dunces. Diamondbacks can’t scale Rockies. Red Sox climbed the Rockies with ease.
VERB LIST
batter
blank
bolt
breeze past
burn
chill
churn past
claw
clip
clobber
club
crush
dazzle
derail
dismantle
down
ease by
edge
explode on
foil
kick
nip
nudge
outdraw
outlast
outshine
outslug
paste
peck
pluck
rally past
repel
riddle
rip
roll past
romps by
romps past
rout
saddle
sear
singe
sink
slam
slap
slash
slaughter
slip past
smite
sneak past
squeeze past
stab
Find more verbs to augment this list.
58
stifle
stun
stymie
subdue
suppress
swamp
thump
top
topple
torpedo
trim
trip
trounce
tumble
whip
wipe out
zap