Multiple choice questions
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February 5, 2010 Multiple choice questions (numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) Are used to determine the position of restriction sites in a genome Are used in physical mapping Are used in genetic mapping Usually occur as multiple (more than 2) alleles in a genome (1) Ribose is found in Nucleic acids Proteins Lipids RNA DNA (2) Most RNA molecules in cells belong to t-RNAs mRNAs ribosomal RNAs repeat elements small nuclear RNAs (1) Hydrogen bonds are covalent bonds stabilize the DNA double helix stabilize protein structures form between two electronegative atoms form between adenin and guanine have a bond energy of 20-30 kcal mol-1 (2) The genetic code is a triplet code consists of 62 codons has three stop codons is used in the process of transcription specifies 25 amino acids is degenerate (3) PCR is used for reverse transcribing RNA into DNA digesting proteins digesting DNA copying plasmids amplifying DNA amplifying proteins (1) Microsatellites are tandemly repeated sequences are not very common in the human genome can be used in genetic mapping of genomes are usually longer than 200 bp are normally found at the end of chromosomes Transcriptomes consist of RNA consist of DNA consist of proteins are translated into proteins do not change differ in different cells -sheets are stabilized by hydrophobic bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds covalent bonds all of the above none of the above (3) The shotgun method is used in analyzing transcriptomes requires computers is more accurate than the clone contig method is normally used with large genomes takes more time than other genome sequencing approaches Restriction endonucleases are located in the nucleus of cells degrade DNA completely bind to DNA are enzymes are proteins were discovered in the 1980s (2) Cloning vectors are always plasmids contain an origin of replication have an average size of 20 kilobase pairs (kb) are always circular molecules contain always an antibiotics resistance gene (1) (1) (3) (1) Transformation converts DNA into RNA converts RNA into proteins joins two DNA fragments cuts DNA into fragments introduces DNA into cells removes genomes from cells is used in cloning of DNA DNA polymerases join DNA fragments replicate RNA replicate DNA synthesize DNA in 5’->3’ direction synthesize DNA in 3’->5’ direction require a primer to function require nucleotides to function require ATP (2) (4) DNA is a positively charged molecule at neutral pH contains phosphate is always double-stranded has a diameter of around 2 µm is stabilized by base stacking (2) Simple sequence length polymorphisms can be minisatellites can be microsatellites can be satellite DNA are used in genetic mapping are typed by oligonucleotide hybridization (3) Bacteriophage lambda is a virus infects several species of bacteria has a genome of about 20,000 bp has three types of infection cycles can only be seen in an electron microscope (2) Total: (34) In addition: Multiple choice and short answer questions from chapters 1-3 of the Genomes 3 textbook.
