Annex: B
AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS FOR THE EWS
OF SARAPIQUÍ RIVER BASIN, COSTA RICA
Technical Requirements Document
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Contents
1
2
BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1
Objectives ....................................................................................................... 4
1.2
The Scope of the Specification ..................................................................... 5
BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY ........................................................................ 6
2.1
3
General Requirements ................................................................................... 6
DATA COLLECTION EQUIPMENT ........................................................................... 7
3.1
General Requirements ................................................................................... 7
3.2
Environmental Specifications ....................................................................... 8
3.3
Sensor Interfaces ......................................................................................... 10
3.4
Serial communication .................................................................................. 11
3.5
Real Time Clock (RTC) ................................................................................ 11
3.6
Equipment Enclosure .................................................................................. 12
3.7
Powering ....................................................................................................... 13
3.8
Grounding and Transient Protection .......................................................... 14
3.9
Instrument Tower ......................................................................................... 14
3.10 Data Transmission ....................................................................................... 15
3.11 Spare Parts ................................................................................................... 16
3.12 Technical Specifications of AWS Equipment ............................................. 16
3.13 The Data Logger or Central Unit ................................................................. 17
4
5
SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................ 19
4.1
General Requirements ................................................................................. 19
4.2
Data Acquisition and Transmission ............................................................ 20
4.3
Data Quality Control .................................................................................... 21
4.4
Statistical Calculations ................................................................................ 22
4.5
Other Calculations ....................................................................................... 22
4.6
Data Logging and Memory........................................................................... 22
4.7
Power Saving ............................................................................................... 23
4.8
Terminal Software ........................................................................................ 23
4.9
System Software .......................................................................................... 23
SENSORS ............................................................................................................... 24
5.1
Required Measurement Parameters ............................................................ 24
5.2
Generic Requirements for all Sensors ........................................................ 25
5.3
Wind Speed and Direction ........................................................................... 25
5.4
Anemometer ................................................................................................. 26
5.5
Wind Wane .................................................................................................... 26
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5.6
Relative Humidity ......................................................................................... 26
5.7
Air Temperature ........................................................................................... 26
5.8
Radiation Shield ........................................................................................... 27
5.9
Atmospheric Pressure ................................................................................. 27
5.10 Precipitation ................................................................................................. 28
5.11 Solar Radiation ............................................................................................. 28
5.12 Water Level ................................................................................................... 28
6
7
8
TELEMETRY SYSTEMS ......................................................................................... 30
6.1
General Requirements ................................................................................. 30
6.2
Satellite Radio Transmitter and Antenna .................................................... 30
6.3
RF Transmitter ............................................................................................. 30
RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 31
7.1
Reliability ...................................................................................................... 31
7.2
Maintainability .............................................................................................. 31
7.3
Remote Maintenance ................................................................................... 32
7.4
Calibration and Preventive Maintenance .................................................... 32
7.5
Warranty, Spare Parts and Consumables ................................................... 32
7.6
Maintenance Strategy .................................................................................. 33
TRAINING ............................................................................................................... 33
8.1
9
10
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Training ..................................... 33
ACCEPTANCE AND TAKE OVER .......................................................................... 34
9.1
Factory Acceptance Test ............................................................................. 34
9.2
Site Acceptance Test ................................................................................... 34
9.3
Factory Acceptance Procedures ................................................................. 34
DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................ 34
10.1 Equipment/Software Technical Documentation ......................................... 34
11
PAYMENT
11.1 Payment Terms and Conditions ............................................................................ 35
APPENDIX 1: DOCUMENTS TO BE PROVIDED WITH THE TENDER REPLY ............... 36
APPENDIX 2: EVALUATION CRITERIA ......................................................................... 38
APPENDIX 3: STATIONS ................................................................................................ 39
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1
BACKGROUND
In Costa Rica, the Sarapiquí River and several of its tributaries have had a
long story of recurrent overflows, generally related to the intensity of the rainy
season in the Northern Caribbean. Many of the communities are exposed to the
river flooding which is being exacerbated by the growing population in the flood
prone areas, which increases the overall vulnerability of the community in the
affected areas.
The 6.2 magnitude earthquake of January 8th 2009, in the Cinchona area,
had an important impact on the landscape and hydrological variability in the
Sarapiquí Basin. The earthquake and associated landslides changed the basin risk
scenario by changing drainage patterns, and has coupled with new risk areas of
flash floods, mudslides and fallen trees in the riverbed. The regular behavior of the
river has been changed by the accumulation of sediments, resulting from landslides
blocs and increasing the level of the riverbed. For these reasons, it is necessary to
update the knowledge that we have of the Sarapiquí riverbed, to identify new risks
and to support the organization of the communities in the areas of potential impact.
In this regard, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the National
Meteorological Institute (IMN), the National Commission of Risk Prevention and
Emergency Response (CNE), and the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE)
are combining efforts for the organization of this Early Warning System (EWS in
English and SAT in Spanish) at the Sarapiquí River Basin, in order to support the
strengthening of the local capacities for the prevention and response of these type
of hazards, through the “Costa Rican Early Warning System for HydroMeteorological Hazards Project”, funded by the World Bank Global Facility for
Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR). This Project will be implemented in close
coordination with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP),
The purpose of this project is to develop an effective framework for an
operational Early Warning System at the pilot site of the Sarapiquí River Basin to:
(a) Strengthen cooperation efforts between IMN and CNE in collaboration with
other national government agencies and non-governmental organizations at local
level; (b) promote replication at other sites; (c) integrate the Costa Rican legal
framework and policy tools with existing operational procedures and protocols
standards; (d) develop a feedback mechanism aimed to improve the preventive
approach, overall coordination and operation during its design and implementation;
and (e) provide IMN and CNE with the necessary tools to optimize information for
decision making.
1.1
Objectives
The purpose of this project is the procurement and installation of three
standard Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and one hydrological automatic
weather station (hydrological AWS), taking into account the highest quality
standards, in order to guarantee a continuous and reliable operation of each and
every component and sensor which comprises each station. The stations will be
installed in locations previously selected by the IMN (see Appendix 3). The four
AWS to be installed will have the capability to transmit information locally to a
Base Station via radio, where a Personal Computer (supplied by this project) will
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store and display the information, and remotely to the IMN headquarters via GOES
satellite.
The project is a turn-key system in which, besides de provision of all
components of the AWS and their installation, computer software might also be
needed for the management of the recorded information, as well as training for the
staff to be involved in the operation and management of the stations to be installed.
Taking this into account, the selected company will have to provide as a whole, all
the components which make up each station, as well as the necessary services
described in the following paragraphs:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.2
Provision of three AWS and one hydrological automatic station
(limnigraph) with all the necessary structures for their integration in the
places indicated by IMN, as indicated in Appendix 3, as well as the
protective devices for electronic equipment against power surges derived
from lightning.
Put into operation the automatic stations; perform the initial calibration
of the sensors and program the automatic stations, including the satellite
transmitter. Satellite IDs and transmitting hours will be provided by
IMN.
Deliver and install the transportation and installation of each and every
component of the stations in the specified sites.
Provide the necessary computer software for reception, organization,
recovery and display of all the automatic stations recorded and
transmitted data.
Train the staff involved in all aspects of the operation and maintenance
of the automatic stations network, including hardware and software
issues, to guarantee that staff from IMN and ICE be capable of
diagnosing and solving possible failures.
The Scope of the Specification
1.2.1 It is very important that the offered equipment and sensors must be fully
(100%) compatible with the existing operational equipment already installed in
Costa Rica by IMN, or EQUIVALENT in order to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Guarantee the homogeneity of the long-term observation data;
Secure most economical operational cost in regards of staff training,
maintenance, calibration and spare parts during the life time of the
network investment;
Take maximum advantage of already obtained training and operational
experience; and
Take the full and optimum use of the already made investments in data
transmission activities, staff training, software and database
development, calibration equipment and facilities at IMN.
1.2.2 The offered equipment must meet the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) Guide to Meteorological Instruments an Methods of Observation
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1.2.3 (WMO-No.
8,
Part
I,
Chapter
1,
Annex
1D,
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/CIMO-Guide.html), in addition
to fulfilling the following requirements:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
The automatic weather monitoring system shall operate completely
autonomously all the time, using solar power through solar panel and
back-up batteries.
It shall be possible to choose between several different selected
communications alternatives for the monitoring stations depending on
the availability of services, optimum cost, reliability as well as policy
and interest of the IMN.
In addition to the satellite transmission module, a provision to equip the
system with a redundant communication device is a strong advantage.
It has been envisaged that the scope of the observations will be
expanded in the future. Therefore, the offered equipment must include
interfaces for additional analog sensors, especially for smart sensors
with serial interfacing.
The offered system must include the following optional sensor inputs for
future use: Minimum four differential inputs for analog sensors (such as
soil/grass temperature, soil moisture, additional solar radiation, etc)
individually configured.
These optional sensor interfaces must be included in such a way that
the user does not need to purchase any additional hardware and/or
software modules when installing these new sensors. Neither the
equipment needs to be returned to the manufacturer for upgrade.
2
BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
2.1
General Requirements
a.
b.
c.
d.
The company offering equipment for this project shall have a long
history (10 years or more) and proven track record in design,
manufacture and after sales support of meteorological sensors and data
collection systems. The company shall have sufficient and documented
financial and technical resources to implement large-scale system
deliveries:
If the company supplying equipment to the project has the approved ISO
9001 Quality Assurance System, certified by an accredited authority, the
copy of this certificate attached to the technical proposal will be
considered an advantage.
As part of their Quality Assurance System, the company shall have
laboratory facilities for sensors testing and calibrations. These facilitie s,
and the primary standards used, shall be traceable to international
standards. The quality assurance system shall be documented in writing
in the technical proposal.
The company shall have a spare parts policy and sufficient financial
resources for ensuring the availability of the spare parts for minimum of
ten (10) years after finishing the deliveries of the tendered equipment. In
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order to show this compliance, the financial statements of the last two
(2) years must be included together with the proposal price.
e.
The company shall have financial and technical resources to
successfully complete even the most demanding projects. Therefore, the
company submitting the proposal shall have the annual revenue of
minimum ten (10) times larger than the total value of the tender
proposal.
f. It will be an advantage, and taken into consideration, if the company has
sufficient technical and other resources for supporting the installed
system locally in Costa Rica. Description of these resources (specify)
shall be included in the technical proposal or its appendixes. The bidder
will provide details (descriptions, addresses, and contacts) of its branch
offices, partners, or affiliates that would provide technical support and
assistance to IMN during and after the installation of these stations.
g.
The interested companies are required to submit detailed description of
the proposed hardware and software implementation, according to the
specifications of this document. See the Appendix 1 for documents to be
supplied along with the tender reply.
3
DATA COLLECTION EQUIPMENT
3.1
General Requirements
This section presents the minimum functional requirements, including
hardware functions and operating environment, for the offered automatic
monitoring stations.
3.1.1 The monitoring stations shall have:
a.
A data logger for data acquisition/processing and enough memory for
data storage. The data logger o central unit shall be equipped with a
liquid crystal (LCD) or alphanumeric type (LED) display, a waterproof
keypad, an ON/OFF switch; it shall be possible to display at least the
input data, the program parameters and technical operating parameters.
The display/keypad can be portable.
b.
An autonomous power supply device with battery and solar panel;
c.
All necessary connectors, protections, enclosures, and towers/masts.
d.
If necessary or requested, the appropriate software for on-site AWS set
up, operation and maintenance.
e.
The requested environmental sensors.
f. A satellite radio transmitter, transmitting at 300 bps, and its directional
antenna with surge protections.
g.
A RF Transmitter with antenna and protections.
3.1.2 The design of the system shall make maximum use of the commercial-offthe-shelf equipment with proven operating record and long expected lifetime. To
guarantee the advances of the latest technology, the design of the system shall not
be more than 5 years old. However, the equipment shall be fully developed and
operationally proven design, which can be placed into operation without extended
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evaluation trials. A primary characteristic of the system will be high availability
and accuracy of the reported data.
3.1.3 The design shall be modular, enabling the change of the modules and system
components without any special tools. Easy-to-use DIN - rail mounting shall be
used in mounting system components.
3.1.4 All sensors and peripherals will be totally compatible with all other
components of the Automatic Weather Station, including the data logger.
3.1.5 The data logger shall have the low power consumption due to solar power
operation. Statement in item 1.6.2 is enough: “The automatic weather monitoring
system shall be capable of operating completely autonomously all the time, using
the solar panel and back-up batteries.”
3.1.6 Provide maintenance terminal functions, for a maintenance technician to
access the internal diagnostics, including sensors data.
3.1.7 Provide the configuration software running in Windows 7 environment,
allowing the user to access all the necessary parameters of the system without the
need of reprogramming the system.
3.1.8 The equipment shall support various kind of communication equipment,
including modems, satellite, radio and cellular phone.
3.1.9 It is very important that the central unit or data logger MUST have the
following basic requirements (see section 3.13):
a.
b.
c.
3.2
The user should be able to modify the data logger program and/or
system components including sensors, according to future needs.
The system should be flexible enough to allow the user to make changes
in the data logging program without depending on external personnel.
The data logger processing instructions must support algebraic,
statistical and transcendental functions for onsite processing.
Environmental Specifications
3.2.1 The AWS shall be designed and manufactured to have protection against
severe environmental conditions in which it will be operating. A facility to earth the
AWS shall be provided. The instruments must be able to operate for long periods
without supervision, and the level of technical skills required for supervision must
be as low as possible.
3.2.2. The AWS shall withstand the environmental conditions expected during
normal shipping by air, land or sea including road transportation on unpaved roads.
The AWS shall be fully protected against dust and temporary immersion.
3.2.3 Electronics shall be in a dust and waterproof box (i.e. meeting the IP65
standard or better). The AWS shall withstand storage temperatures in the range of 25°C to +60°C, without any deterioration or further related malfunctions.
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3.2.4 It shall be designed and manufactured (within EMI and ESG standards) to
operate as close as possible within the range of the environmental conditions listed
in the table below. The relative humidity range of 0 to 100% shall be no
condensing at +50°C and without any alteration of the data measured:
Environmental condition
Operational limits
Temperature
- 25° … + 60°C
Relative Humidity
0 to 100 % RH
Wind Speed
Up to 60 m/s
Rain
Up to 2000 mm/hour
Pressure
500 … 1100 hPa
EMI and ESD protection
Standard
Emissions
CISPR 22 class B (EN55022) or
compatible
RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-3 or compatible
EFT immunity
IEC 61000-4-4 or compatible
ESD immunity
IEC 61000-4-2 or compatible
Surge (lightning pulse)
IEC61000-4-5 or compatible
Conducted RF immunity
IEC 61000-4-6 or compatible
3.2.5 The system shall be designed to operate in those conditions 24 hours a day,
365 days a year.
3.2.6 All exterior equipment shall be constructed of durable corrosion resistant
materials, including, but not limited to, stainless steel, anodized aluminum, and
high impact plastic. Exterior equipment shall also be UV resistant. All interior
equipment shall be finished without sharp edges or loose components. The
Supplier must clearly demonstrate and justify the characteristic qualities of the
materials used for all equipment
3.2.7 Mounting hardware, bases, and fasteners, shall be made of durable corrosion
and UV resistant materials, including but not limited to stainless steel, or hot
dipped galvanized steel, or treated aluminum.
3.2.8 All cables used shall be flexible down to -35C, and UV resistant. Cables
shall use established shielding methodologies to limit EMI and RFI effects,
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including, but not limited to individually shield twisted pairs, overall shielding, and
drains. The supplier will clearly describe the methods used to protect against
interference in cables.
3.2.9 Because all stations are located in a tropical environment, the printed boards
shall have conformal coating to prevent unreliability and inaccuracy caused by
potential condensation inside the equipment enclosure.
3.3
Sensor Interfaces
3.3.1 The electronic acquisition board shall be designed in order to offer different
interfaces, analogical, numerical, logical and counting interfaces and allow the
possibility of adding new sensors according to the evolving needs of the project.
The acquisition board shall support the following sensor types: Analog voltage and
analog current, thermocouples, resistive bridge, pulse output, period output,
frequency output, serial smart sensors and RS-232 sensors.
3.3.2 The system shall be capable of supplying switched voltage and current to
peripherals, sensors, or control devices.
3.3.3 The use of different types of sensors shall be possible and the user shall
define the relevant configurations according to the needs, without sending back the
AWS to the factory.
3.3.4 As already stated, the configuration shall be able to accept 16 sensors
including, in some cases, more than one pressure probe, type water level sensor, as
well as housekeeping variables sensors.
3.3.5 All proposed connectors shall be of the highest standard and be adapted to
the type of sensors to be connected.
3.3.6 Analog and Digital Interfaces: The system shall have minimum eight (8)
differential sensor inputs, which are individually and freely configurable by the
user. These interfaces are for the minimum set of sensors and additional differential
interfaces for the future use. The sensor interfaces shall provide the following
features:
a.
b.
c.
d.
At least 16 bit Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion
Each sensor input should have independently configurable gain, scaling
factors, and calibration coefficients and data quality validation
parameters.
The data logger shall provide switched voltage outputs for control of
peripherals and sensors.
The data logger shall provide fixed or scalable voltage references for
excitation of sensors.
3.3.7 Sensor with potentiometric interface:
When measuring a sensor with
potentiometric output and using the excitation voltage as reference voltage, there
shall be possibility to compensate any inaccuracies of this output voltage. This
feature shall be an option, which is configurable by the user whenever needed.
3.3.8 Interfacing sensors with serial interfaces:
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a.
b.
3.4
The offered automatic weather station shall provide all software and
hardware options necessary to communicate with future smart sensors
having serial data output. These functions shall include retrieving data,
retrieving self-diagnostic information (if available) and controlling the
sensor’s activity.
These sensor interfaces shall support SDI-I2, RS-232 and RS-485
standards.
Serial communication
The electronic acquisition board shall have at least 8 digital I/O ports
selectable as binary inputs or control outputs.
3.4.1 Characteristics of the Serial I/O Lines:
a.
Each system shall contain a dedicated communication port to allow a
laptop type PC, in the field, to be connected to the system and through
this interface perform initialization, upload of software and configuration
files, download stored data and monitor unit operation.
b. Once connected there shall be full access to all programming features:
sensor definitions, processes, calculations, communication operations as
well as displaying/downloading stored data and monitoring the system
operation.
c. Operation from the communication port shall not interfere with the
automatic operation of data acquisition, data register and data
transmissions (telemetry).
d. The access to this maintenance port shall be possible without opening the
logger’s enclosure and shall be made via a ready-made connector. The
cable for this connection shall be included in the delivery.
e. For interfacing with the present and future communication equipment,
user terminals, maintenance equipment and smart sensors, the offered
equipment shall have minimum of 4 serial communication channels and
8 digital control ports.
f. Each system shall be able to communicate with a PC via direct connect,
Ethernet interfaces, multidrop modems, short-haul modems, phone
modems, RF telemetry and satellite transmitters: The electronic
acquisition board shall be designed to provide the necessary
communication interfaces, including at least one for modem transmission
or RF transmitters and one external keyboard.
g. The interfaces shall be configurable by the user as to baud rate, number
of data bits and stop bits, parity and check sum. The nominal baud rate
shall be 9600 but configurable up to 115,200 baud.
h. The supplier shall provide the software, Windows 7 compatible, to read,
recover, archive and display the data, and to initialize and monitoring of
the automatic stations system through the communication port and also
remotely via modem.
3.5
Real Time Clock (RTC)
3.5.1 The system shall integrate a time base system, which is protected against
station's power cuts.
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3.5.2 The time base shall generate complete local or UTC time, which synchronize
the stand-alone operation of the station.
3.5.3 To support real-time messaging and alarm generation, the accuracy of the
internal Real-Time Clock (RTC) must be better than twenty (20) seconds per
month.
3.6
Equipment Enclosure
3.6.1 All AWS system parts including data logger or central unit, memory card,
sensor interfaces, telemetry equipment, back-up batteries and its regulator shall be
placed inside one environmentally sealed enclosure or box, sealed against rain,
humidity, dust and insects, complying with the standards of NEMA-4X or IP-66 or
compatible. The equipment enclosure shall be versatile and have its appropriate
fixing, allowing installations in secure shelters and externally attached, without any
additional protection to a mast, wall or tower.
3.6.2 The AWS system enclosure must be of an adequate size to easily
accommodate all the components. The enclosure should be large enough to
facilitate maintenance and replacement of Field Replaceable Units (FRUs). The
enclosure should also be large enough to allow for expansion and addition of
alternative telemetry options.
3.6.3 To address ease of service, the back-up battery might be located in a
secondary and properly vented enclosure.
3.6.4 All the electrical connections outside the main protective enclosure shall be
made through waterproof connectors, one connector for each sensor located at the
bottom of the equipment enclosure. Cable glands and screw terminals will be
allowed. However, all cables and terminals must be clearly identified, or keyed in
such a way that it is not possible to connect a sensor in the wrong terminal of the
data logger.
3.6.5 All ports shall be clearly labeled as to their functions.
3.6.6 The connectors shall be installed at the bottom side of enclosure to reduce
the risks of water or humidity penetration, and at least two additional sensor
terminals shall be provided for future use. All terminals shall be provided with a
weatherproof cap that can be installed when a sensor is not connected to protect the
equipment inside the enclosure.
3.6.7 The main enclosure shall be vented following equipment requirements.
3.6.8 The enclosure design and material shall be such that it reduces condensation
caused by large daily temperature differences inside the enclosure. The use of
desiccant material (silica gel) requiring regularly change is allowed.
3.6.9 The equipment enclosure shall be made of corrosion resistant material with
high resistance to UV radiation and chemicals.
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3.6.10 To connect to the antenna cable, the Supplier shall use N type connectors,
which are corrosion resistant. The Supplier shall install all necessary protections to
the equipment.
3.6.11 The enclosure shall be equipped with necessary mounting accessories for a
pole mast or tower.
3.6.12 All hardware and installation accessories shall be compatible and suitable
for the existing 10m meteorological towers and/or pedestals used by IMN at
monitoring sites. (Details to be provided by IMN)
3.6.13 The enclosure shall have an air pressure sensor outlet and provision to install
a static pressure head for minimizing the error caused by the wind turbulence.
3.6.14 The system enclosure shall have the necessary holes to allow addition of
sensors. The additional holes shall be protected with hermetic plugs. All external
connections from the box to the solar panels, sensors, antennas, batteries, etc., shall
be sealed.
3.7
Powering
3.7.1 Solar panel and backup batteries shall fulfill the following requirements:
a.
The automatic meteorological system shall be battery operated in
conjunction with a solar panel. Power supply shall be done using a 12
volts lead type battery; it shall be sealed, maintenance-free and
rechargeable. The batteries shall be deep cycle and utilize technological
solutions to reduce maintenance and venting of explosive and corrosive
gases into the enclosure.
b.
All power connections to the data logger and peripherals shall have
reverse voltage protection and short circuit protection to prevent against
accidental damage to the system. This shall be in the form of keyed
connectors, or electronic devices such as diodes, Positive Temperature
Coefficient fuses, or fold back circuits.
c.
The system power consumption shall be minimal, with the 12V nominal
voltage and a good working order, guarantee between 10 and 16 V.
d.
It is desirable that the battery shall have capacity to supply energy for
the system during 14 (fourteen) days (minimum) without recharging.
e.
The solar panel(s) shall be able to provide, at least, 3 (three) times the
average power consumption of the entire system plus sensors when
exposed to normal daytime solar radiation. The battery must be fully
rechargeable in 12 hours when the solar panels are illuminated by the
sun. A silicon solar panel 20W maximum, type mono or polycrystalline,
shall be enough to provide sufficient autonomy. The assembly of the
solar panel shall allow its orientation as needed. It shall have a regulator
or an overcharge limiting device.
f. The back-up battery capacity shall be 50 Ah as minimum.
g.
The solar panel subsystem shall include the solar panel, minimum 6
(six) meters cable with connector and mounting hardware for the pole
mast.
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h.
The Automatic Weather Station shall have low power consumption, and
the solar panel should be matched to the power requirements of the
AWS.
i. The solar panel shall be of a rugged corrosion and UV resistant construction.
The surface of the solar panel should be shatter resistant and coated to
provide optimal solar radiation transfer to the cells. The surface should
not fade or deteriorate when exposed to ambient conditions. The solar
panel must survive and continue to function in winds up to 60 m/s (216
km/h).
j. The AWS design has to include the location of the rechargeable battery.
3.7.2 Characteristics of the battery regulator
a.
b.
c.
The battery regulator shall have temperature compensation function and
protection against overcharging of the battery.
It is desirable that the charger have an indicator on battery condition and
charging state.
The battery regulator shall have optional input from the mains power
supply operating parallel with the solar panel input.
3.7.3 Power Budget: The Supplier will provide within the proposal documents a
calculation of the energy budget for the station describing in detail the performance
characteristics of the solar panel, and regulator system, accounting for all loads, and
the worst case daylight scenario to demonstrate the correct engineering of the
power system.
3.8
Grounding and Transient Protection
3.8.1 The equipment enclosure shall contain a secure grounding stud at the bottom
of the enclosure to serve as the common tie point for static and safety grounding.
3.8.2 The AWS system shall be protected against damage of operational
interruptions due to electrical disruptions and lightning-induced surges on all sensor
input lines, power supply lines and incoming power and communication lines. The
transient protection design shall be modular allowing an easy change of protecting
device without any special tools. No common protective printed board for all
signals is allowed.
3.8.3 The Supplier shall provide options for primary and secondary surge
protection, including a system of grounding the AWS tower or mast, lightning rods,
and alternate grounding technologies for a variety of soil types. IMN reserve the
right to utilize existing towers, or procure this equipment from alternate sources.
3.8.4 The equipment should be protected against polarity inversion on the power
supply line and the necessary fuses must be integrated in this line in order to protect
individual units.
3.9
Instrument Tower
3.9.1 IMN would like to make use existing infrastructure for implementation of
this network. Existing anemometer towers would be used wherever possible. IMN
may also wish to consider new tower installations and requests that the Supplier
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provide details on an anemometer instrument tower for consideration. IMN reserve
the right to use existing infrastructure for the installations or procure this eq uipment
from a separate supplier.
3.9.2 The tower proposed shall have the following characteristic qualities
a.
b.
c.
d.
10m in height.
Composed of three, triangular, structurally engineered 3.3 m sections
Structurally engineered to withstand winds up to 60 m/s (216 km/h)
Structural components are preferably to be constructed of high grade hot
dipped galvanized structural steel, meeting the industry standards NOM
J-151, ASTM A-123, ASTM A-143, ASTM A-394, and ASTM E-376.
Equivalent high quality corrosion and UV resistant materials of equal
strength may be considered. Treated aluminum is also acceptable.
e.
All hardware and fasteners (bolts, screws, clamps, washers, etc.) shall be
constructed of Stainless Steel or hot dipped galvanized materials,
meeting or exceeding the aforementioned standards.
f. The tower shall be anchored to an engineered base (concrete, rock anchor,
helical screw anchor) adequate to suit the terrain and engineered
loading. Materials connecting the tower to the base must be positively
anchored to the base, and not pull out.
g.
The tower shall be guyed to a minimum of three guy points. Guy
anchors shall be positively installed, in concrete bases with “duck -bill”
anchors or equivalent.
h.
The tower must permit easy servicing of all equipment, and safely
support a maintainer who may have to climb the tower for servicing of
the wind equipment. Alternately technologies such as a tilting tower, or
alternative means of scaling the tower safely (a fixed ladder, fall arrest
system, staircase), may be considered, as long as the tower still meets
the required performance characteristics.
i. The Supplier shall provide a proposal for primary lightning protection for
the tower, including lightning rods, cables, and grounding schema.
j. The Supplier must provide an acceptable engineering plan for the tower
proposed, detailing the materials, engineering calculations for loading,
bases, hardware and methods for ensuring safety and reliability of the
tower.
3.10
Data Transmission
3.10.1 The station shall support minimum two different modes of data
transmission:
a.
b.
Data messages shall be sent automatically by the system at the user set
intervals. There shall be possibility to configure several data messages
to serve different purposes and/or users.
The system shall support an ALARM function.
3.10.2 The AWS system shall have capability to be equipped with several different
telemetry modules such as UHF radio modems, cellular telemetry, PSTN modems
and satellite transmitters.
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3.10.3 The proposal shall specify and describe, in a sufficient and clear manner,
how and which modules would be adaptable in the future. To increase the
reliability and redundancy, the AWS system shall have capacity to inter-face with
minimum of three different telemetry devices at the same time.
3.10.4 ALARM function: Regardless of when the data is transmitted, the user
shall be able to set a threshold(s) for any measured or calculated parameter to detect
whether a threshold has been exceeded. Once a threshold has been crossed the AWS
system shall be able to automatically start using a new user set transmission interval
until the value returns below the threshold level. The user shall be able to
configure alarm messages to be sent automatically when the monitored parameter:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Is exceeding the upper limit set by the user (e.g. when the precipitation
has accumulated more than 15 mm in the last 10 minutes).
Is below the user set value; e.g. water level is less than 2.4 m.
Is above the user set reference value; e.g. 10 minute precipitation rate is
7 mm over the average hourly rate.
Is between the user set limits (e.g. wind direction is between 90 and 180
degrees.)
When the value of the monitored parameter is changing more that the
user set amount, selectable both descending and/ or ascending value.
3.10.5 Each measured and calculated parameter shall have the possibility to have
its own threshold value, which can be set or changed by the user.
3.10.6 The user shall be able to configure the system to send the ALARM message
either:
a.
b.
c.
Only once on the first occasion it is detected, even when, during the
following checks the same alarm condition continues to exist.
Always when the alarm condition is check and the alarm is detected
When the alarm condition stops existing, i.e. the parameter returns to its
normal value.
3.10.7 In addition to sending the alarm message to the user configured destination,
the automatic monitoring system shall have the option to store the alarm event
together with the date, time and value of the measurement. The user shall have an
option to use the alarm event to trig logging of other user defined data group, too.
3.10.8 The Alarm function shall also be used for triggering an external signal e.g. a
relay contact, light switch etc.
3.11
Spare Parts
3.11.1 In the calculation of cost, 10% of the cost of the AWS shall be for
consumables more frequently employed, corresponding to a life-time period of up
to 4 years.
3.12
Technical Specifications of AWS Equipment
3.12.1 It shall have the following main specifications:
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a.
b.
c.
Simple and robust hardware and software suited to extreme conditions
of use (difficult environment, operators with low levels of technical
skills or specialization).
Upgradeable modular hardware and software compatible with a variety
of different sensors.
Very low power consumption.
3.12.2 All designs, materials, manufacturing techniques and workmanship shall be
in accordance with the highest accepted international standards for this type of
equipment. The supplier shall state, where applicable, the National Standards to
which the equipment complies.
3.12.3 The supplier is free to offer any equipment which in his opinion is equal or
superior to the requirements of these specifications. Any such alternative must be
fully defined and justified.
3.12.4 To facilitate a complete understanding of the system offered, each offer
should be supported by adequate technical literature. All the offers shall be
accompanied by a correctly completed Compliance Statement.
3.12.5 The AWS shall meet the needs of the project and notably they shall:
a.
b.
c.
Be automatic and self-powered;
Allow on-site acquisition of hydrologic/meteorological data
The AWS shall be able to be incorporated into NOAA GOES Data
Collection System (GOES DCS). It shall have automatic programmed
transmission of these data through the GOES DCS and/or RF
Transmitters
d.
In their basic configuration, the AWS shall be equipped with sensors for
housekeeping variables (in-side temperature, battery voltage, status of
the memory module) and for the measurement of the variables described
further-on.
e.
The AWS shall be able to interface 16 sensors or more without having to
be sent back to the manufacturer.
f. It shall be possible to connect an external display/keyboard, if necessary, to
manipulate input/output data, parameters and data logging programs.
3.13
The Data Logger or Central Unit
3.13.1 The data logger or Central Unit shall have the following capabilities:
a.
b.
The central unit shall allow the automatic acquisition of data. The
frequency of measurement and threshold variation values shall be
programmable by the user for each sensor or group of sensors.
Calculation of minimum, maximum, standard deviations and average
over user defined periods of time shall be possible and independently for
each sensor.
The central unit shall allow the automatic acquisition of housekeeping
parameters such as in-side temperature, battery voltage, error messages
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generated by compilation or during runtime of the central unit program,
status of the memory, etc.
c.
The central unit shall allow the automatic data recording on-site and on
a removable memory module (memory card) if desired.
d.
The data logger shall allow the automatic reset of the internal clock
through a GPS receiver
e.
The data logger shall allow the installation of a regulator between solar
panel and battery.
a.
The data logger shall read the sensors with 16-bit A/D accuracy or more
and convert the measured data into engineering units.
b.
The data logger shall be able to perform data quality check on the
parameters as specified in the section 4.3.
c.
The central unit shall process the data using calculation and statistical
functions specified more in detail in the section 4.3.
d.
The user should have the freedom to configure multiple output messages
in the central unit and can choose the format of the output data.
e.
The central unit shall log the data at the user configurable formats and
intervals.
f. The display or monitoring software shall be able to provide alarm functions
based on a measured or calculated parameter exceeding its user set
threshold value(s).
g.
The data logger shall return to normal operation without human
intervention after a power break: When power is restored, the logger and
its radio transmission set shall be able to resume automatically to normal
operation, without human intervention. This includes the time resynchronization of the internal clock before restarting transmission and
the central unit shall not output erroneous data.
h.
Data logging sampling intervals shall be freely configurable from at
least 1 sec. to 24 hours, in at least one (1) second intervals. Sensors shall
have the option of different sampling intervals.
d.
As already stated in section 3.1.9 the data logger processing instructions
must support algebraic, statistical and transcendental functions for onsite
processing.
e.
The data logger shall include an internal voltage reference to routinely
calibrate the A/D converter and the measuring electronics. This
calibration shall be automatic and based on an onboard temperature
measurement.
f. The data logger shall be able to accommodate a variety of sensor outputs to
facilitate future expansion and equipment upgrades. This should include
frequency measurement, switch closure, pulse, digital data, and current
loop measurement with the use of easily installed modules provided by
the supplier.
g.
The central unit shall support at least Modbus, DNP3, TCP/IP, FTP, and
SMTP protocols.
3.13.2 Memory Cards and Data Download:
The data logger shall record the data on-site and shall use a removable memory
module if desirable.
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a.
The memory module shall be suitable for severe environmental
constraints, presence of dust, high humidity, extreme temperature within
the range indicated for the technical specifications.
b.
The memory card shall preferably be contactless and shall have a
storage capacity of at least 6 months. Generally 256 Kbytes would be
enough but taking into account the possible addition of sensors, a 512
Kbytes memory card shall be proposed, protected against any risk of
overwriting and erasing.
c.
Downloading of the data stored in the memory card shall be possible
both through a portable computer connected through an RS232 to the
central unit or through a memory card reader.
d.
The necessary software to download the data to a Windows 7 based
computer shall be provided.
e.
Each data recorded in the memory card shall be clearly dated and
uniquely identified. The data shall be distinguished with separators.
f. For each sensor, the data recorded in the memory card may be the result of
screening, compacting or computing (mean, total, extreme values, etc.)
of the data measured. It shall also be possible to have, for each variable,
threshold values for special warnings.
4
SOFTWARE
4.1
General Requirements
4.1.1 The data logger internal software shall perform all data acquisition, data
processing, data transmission, 24 hour archiving, operator interface (optional),
system self-testing and diagnostics and produce data outputs without the attendance
of an operator.
4.1.2 The software shall provide all functionality required to easily and efficiently
interface with commercially available sensors.
4.1.3 The embedded software shall allow modifications, replacement and/or
expansion.
4.1.4 The software loaded in the system shall be installed in non-volatile flash
memory. If power is lost to the system, the program, system parameters and
recorded data shall be kept intact. No SRAM memory requiring backup battery will
be allowed.
4.1.5 Reconfigurations and /or upgrades shall be downloadable. The new software
or setup file(s) shall be downloadable into the system via serial port.
4.1.6 A watchdog timer shall be used to produce a system reset/reboot in the event
of hardware malfunction or unrecoverable data acquisition error.
4.1.7 PC data logger support software shall be available and shall operate in the
Windows 7 environment.
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4.2
Data Acquisition and Transmission
4.2.1 All the monitoring systems shall support several different data acquisition
modes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Scheduled acquisition
On-demand acquisition
Alarm based acquisition
Acquisition by the central data collection system
4.2.2 The data acquisition rate shall be individually configurable for each
environment monitoring station. The rate shall be adjustable from 1 second to 24
hours in steps of 1 second.
4.2.3 Regardless of when the data logger samples, the user shall be able to set a
threshold(s) for any measured or calculated parameter to detect whether a threshold
has been exceeded. Once a threshold has been crossed, the AWS system shall
automatically start using a new user set sampling interval until the value returns
below the threshold level.
4.2.4 It shall be possible to trig any measurement on-demand basis, i.e. whenever
the user wants to have the latest data to be made available.
4.2.5 The user shall be able to set at least two passwords to the data logging unit,
depending on the level of responsibility and technical skill of the user in order to
avoid any hazardous operation.
4.2.6 The data logging software shall allow the user to perform the following
operations:
a.
b.
c.
Set the sensors scan rate or sampling period, the period for the
calculation of specific values (i.e. minimum, maximum, average), the
output data storage period and the data transmission period. The latter
depends directly on the time slot allocated by NOAA GOES DCS and/or
on user defined data retrieval intervals.
For each variable measured, the calculation of minimum, maximum,
average values, totals, comparison with threshold values for alert
messages, etc., shall be possible.
The AWS shall also have the possibility of select different time slots for
data acquisition/processing.
4.2.7 The software should allow the user to perform on-site the following
operations:
a.
b.
Transfer of data files, set-up of AWS data acquisition, change of
calculation and transmission parameters, data and parameters
visualization, change of data logging program, self test and memory
reboot.
It is desirable that these operations shall be conducted through user’s
menus in English or Spanish if possible.
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4.2.8 All measures and data shall be in the International System of Units (SI) or
units defined by the user.
4.3
Data Quality Control
4.3.1 The offered equipment shall comply with the quality controls described in
this section.
4.3.2 The AWS system shall be able to include the following quality control
checks:
a.
b.
c.
For each measured parameter there shall be upper and lower climatolo gic
limits that are within the normal operating limits of the sensor in order to
prevent the reporting of any possibly false values. These parameter limits
shall be user configurable for adjusting them according to the local
weather conditions.
For each parameter there shall be a ‘step change’ validation. If the sensor
output value changes more than the set maximum value between two
consecutive measurements, the value shall be set ‘invalid’ (e.g.
erroneous). This parameter step shall be user configurable to adjust it
according to the local climate conditions.
For each measured parameter there shall be optional "rate of change"
validation. This means that data can be invalidated if it does not change as
it should under normal operational conditions. The validation parameters
shall be user configurable.
4.3.3 The AWS system shall include the following quality control checks for each
calculation:
a.
b.
For each statistical calculation, there shall be the user configurable
parameter for minimum number of the samples available for computing
statistical values. If the number of samples is less that the user set value,
the calculated value shall be set ‘invalid’ (e.g. erroneous).
For each calculated value there shall be an upper and lower weather
limit that corresponds to the normal operating limits of the sensor in
order to prevent the reporting of possibly false values. These parameters
shall be user configurable for adjusting them according to the local
climate conditions.
4.3.4 If the data from any sensor is erroneous or missing (e.g. the sensor loses
power), that the parameter shall be reported as ‘invalid’.
4.3.5 The invalid data shall be replaceable with an error code, which must be user
configurable (e.g. /////, text ‘Missing’, -9999, etc.).
4.3.6 The processor shall continue to sample these invalid parameters, and if the
error condition is corrected, the sensor data shall automatically be reinserted.
4.3.7 The logger software shall be able to provide status values indicating
information about the state of the connected sensors. This indication shall include
both analog sensors as well as sensor with digital serial interface. For each sensors,
there shall be a value in the variable status, which can be included in the report(s)
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and/or monitored in order to produce an alarm, e.g. for maintenance purposes. The
manner how the status information will be presented shall be freely user definable
in the setup software. (e.g. Good, Suspicious, Bad)
4.4
Statistical Calculations
4.4.1 Data logger software shall support, in minimum, the following calculation
functions for measured and calculated values:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Averaging over the user set periods.
Calculations of minimum and maximum values over the user set periods
and report the time and date when those values are registered.
Calculation of standard deviation values over the user set periods.
Calculation of cumulative values over the user set periods.
4.4.2 Calculation periods and intervals shall be individually configurable by the
user. Output data intervals shall be adjustable from 1 second to 24 hours in steps of
1 second.
4.4.3 The minimum and maximum values shall have optional Timestamps. The
Timestamp shall give the date and time of the day for maximum and minimum
values.
4.4.4 For wind calculation it shall be possible to make the calculation in scalar
and vector formats.
4.5
Other Calculations
4.5.1 The AWS system shall be capable to perform as minimum the following
calculations:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.6
Calculation of Dew Point temperature based on the measured air
temperature and relative humidity.
Calculation of Evapotranspiration
Calculation of Sunshine Duration based on data from the global solar
radiation sensor (pyranometer).
Calculation of the wind vector over a user defined time period.
Special user-defined calculations; algebraic equations.
Data Logging and Memory
4.6.1 The AWS system shall have minimum capacity of 2 MB of flash operating
system memory and 4 MB for CPU usage, program storage and data storage.
4.6.2 As already described, the parameters to be logged and intervals shall be user
configurable and data shall be logged in data tables to allow easy file manipulation.
4.6.3 In order to safe guard the most recent logged data, the system shall allow a
minimum number of daily files kept in the memory. Whenever this user set number
is exceeded the oldest daily file will be deleted, and the space will be allocated for
the most recent data to be logged.
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4.6.4 The system shall have an option for installing a removable Compact Flash
memory card to expand the data logging capacity:
a.
b.
4.7
The removable CF memory card shall have the minimum capacity of 32
Mbytes as minimum but upgradeable to 2000 Mbytes and should
function properly at temperatures of -45 to 85°C.
Removing and changing of the memory card shall be easy and should
not require any tools. The data shall be logged using the format that will
be directly readable in any PC computer and any special designed reader
device should be provided, if necessary.
Power Saving
4.7.1 The AWS should be able to monitor its battery voltage continuously and
detect, and set an alarm, when the voltage is getting too low.
4.7.2 In case of low power, it shall be possible for the user to slow the data
transmissions or communication with the system, setting an alternative data
transmission schedule.
4.8
Terminal Software
4.8.1 The AWS system shall be delivered with easy to use terminal software.
4.8.2 It shall be menu-driven and able to automate everyday functions such as
collection of data files from the system’s memory, conversion of the data files in
formats suitable for further analysis with standard commercial software packages ,
and the execution of other especial tasks defined by the user. It shall be able to
download new configuration files to the system.
4.9
System Software
4.9.1 The system shall be shipped with PC based setup software to allow an easy
configuration and modification of all the system parameters and operations. This
software shall be Windows 7.
4.9.2 IMN wants to be independent from the Supplier in support of the delivered
systems. Therefore, it is essential that the system setup software be menu driven
and friendly.
4.9.3 In order to facilitate learning and everyday use, it is preferable that the
software menus are in Spanish, otherwise English is acceptable.
4.9.4 The system software shall have, as minimum, the following functions:
a.
b.
Measurement instructions specific to bridge configurations, voltage
outputs, thermocouples, and pulse/frequency signal.
The software shall include measurement, processing, and output
instructions for programming the data-logger. The software shall have a
library of instructions and help. The processing instructions must
support algebraic, statistical and transcendental functions for onsite data
processing.
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c.
Definition of measuring intervals of, at least, between 1 second to 24
hours in one (1) second steps. Different measuring intervals for
different sensors shall be possible within the same system configuration
program.
d.
The user shall be able to configure the sensors, defining sensor specific
calibration coefficient, powering parameters and data validation
parameters.
e.
The system shall be able to control external devices.
f. Definition of several independent output data tables, with user defined
parameters and output time intervals from 1 second to 24 hours.
g.
Free formatting of output data messages: The data output formats can be
in ASCII text, binary or array compatible CSV. A scheduled data file
collection shall have the option of be appended to the end of the
database file or be overwritten to the existing file. The interval of
creating data messages shall be user set parameter from 1 second to 24
hours. The data messages shall have the options of be polled
automatically or sent by the logger when created or transmitted
whenever a user set alarm threshold is exceeded.
h.
Configuring the serial ports; baud rate, number of stop and data bits
handshaking, parity and checksum as minimum.
i. ALARM functions, which are user configurable in regards of the monitored
parameters, alarm criteria and actions when alarm condition is detected.
j. HELP functions.
5
SENSORS
5.1
Required Measurement Parameters
5.1.1 The required measurement parameters for the AWS are as follows. Three
AWS will have all parameters except water level, while one will have only water
level and precipitation:
a.
Horizontal wind speed and direction
b.
Air temperature
c.
Relative humidity of air
d.
Atmospheric pressure
e.
Precipitation
f. Global solar radiation
g.
Water level
5.1.2 In addition to these, the offered systems shall include interface(s) for
optional sensors and for interfacing intelligent sensors via serial channel in the
future.
5.1.3 All sensors shall be delivered from factory fully calibrated, appending a
factory calibration certificate.
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5.2
Generic Requirements for all Sensors
5.2.1 Sensors shall be interchangeable, i.e. each sensor type shall be able to
operate in all sites.
5.2.2 Alternative equivalent or substantially superior sensing technologies which
meet the performance criteria requested may be considered.
5.2.3 Calibration constants for a sensor may be entered into the system when a
sensor is installed. System inputs/calibrations shall include, but not limited, to the
following:
a.
b.
c.
Sensor calibration constants; offset and gain
Sensors data validation parameters
Sensor linearization parameters, minimum 3rd degree formula
5.2.4 All sensors shall be constructed of high quality, corrosion and UV resistant
materials, including, but not limited to stainless steel, anodized aluminum, and high
impact plastic.
5.2.5 Mounting hardware, bases, and fasteners, shall be made of durable corrosion
and UV resistant materials, including but not limited to stainless steel, or hot
dipped galvanized steel
5.2.6 All sensors shall be independently operated by the weather station so that
the failure of one any sensor or sensors shall not affect the performance of the
remaining sensors of Automatic Weather Station.
5.2.7 All sensors shall be delivered with waterproof cables and connectors ready
for installation.
5.2.8 The sensor cables shall be made of high quality material with all cables used
with adequate flexibility at extreme temperatures and UV resistant. Cables shall
use established shielding methodologies to limit EMI and RFI effects, including,
but not limited to, individually shield twisted pairs, overall shielding, and drains.
The Supplier will clearly describe the methods used to protect against interference
in cables.
5.3
Wind Speed and Direction
5.3.1 The wind observation height shall be installed at 10 meters height, away
from obstacles, with an orientation ring so that the instrument can be removed
easily for maintenance and reinstalled without loss of the wind direction reference.
5.3.2 In order to minimize power consumption the data logger will manage
powering of the sensor.
5.3.3 The software shall sample the wind speed and direction sensor at least once
every 3 seconds. However, the logger or central unit shall be able to sample the
sensor four (4) times per second if desired, to comply with the WMO requirements
and to achieve the accuracy better than ± 3
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5.4
Anemometer
5.4.1 The range of wind speed measurement shall be at least of 0-60 m/s, 0-100
m/s preferable, with an accuracy of ±0.3 m/s, or equivalent.
5.4.2 The wind speed component shall be a fast response, low-threshold
anemometer sensitivity.
5.5
Wind Wane
5.5.1 The wind direction component shall have a range of 0-360° with an accuracy
of ±3°, or equivalent.
5.5.2 The sensor might output wind direction using a precision potentiometer
which shall have good fidelity in fluctuating wind conditions.
5.6
Relative Humidity
5.6.1 The sensor shall be protected by a removable and easily cleaned membrane
filter.
5.6.2 The humidity sensor shall be installed inside of a solar radiation shield,
protecting measurement results from the effect of direct solar radiation and rain.
5.6.3 The humidity sensor head shall be easily detachable without the need to
replace the whole sensor, allowing quick replacement in the field.
5.6.4 If desirable by the user, in order to lower the power consumption, the sensor
shall be powered only when measured.
5.6.5 By default, the sensor will be sampled every 10 seconds. One-minute
average value will be calculated using these samples and this value shall be used as
instant data in subsequent calculations, data logging and reports.
5.6.6 Using relative humidity and air temperature values, dew point temperature
value is calculated.
5.6.7 The sensor operating temperature shall be -25°C to +60°C and the
measurement range at least of 0 to 98% non-condensing. The maximum
uncertainty at 20°C should be no more than ±5% at high humidity readings, or
equivalent. The long term stability shall be better than 1% of relative humidity per
year.
5.7
Air Temperature
5.7.1 Air temperature shall be measured by a platinum resistive (1000 Ω PRT)
sensor, which is installed inside a naturally ventilated solar radiation shield,
protecting measurement result from the effect of direct solar radiation.
5.7.2 Relative humidity and air temperature sensors can be both independent
sensors. However, the use of an integrated system is allowed.
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5.7.3 To minimize the effect of sensor line resistance, the PRT element shall be
measured using the 4-wire resistance measurement technique.
5.7.4 The temperature measurement range shall be -40°C to +60°C
5.7.5 The sensor elements shall be powered only when measured to minimize selfheating effect.
5.7.6 By default, the sensor will be sampled every 10 seconds. One-minute
average value will be calculated using these samples and this value shall be used as
instant data in subsequent calculations, data logging and reports.
5.8
Radiation Shield
5.8.1 Numerous inter-comparisons between different radiation shields have
showed that there can be significant differences between shields from various
manufacturers. To maintain the homogeneity of the long-term data series, the
radiation shield must comply with the following minimum specifications:
5.8.2 Temperature and humidity sensors shall be installed inside a radiation shield
at 1.5 to 2m above the ground, protecting measurement result from the effect of
direct solar radiation.
5.8.3 The radiation shield (stacked plate structure) shall be made of an UV
stabilized thermoplastic material with white outside finishing. Shields made of
metal shall not be allowed.
5.8.4 Shall be easy to install and naturally vented.
5.9
Atmospheric Pressure
5.9.1 Atmospheric pressure shall be measured over a 500 to 1080 hPa range, or
equivalent.
5.9.2 The sensor shall have a minimum drift and long term stability over the
operating temperature range of -40 to 60°C.
5.9.3 The sensor shall have in-built temperature compensation to guarantee the
required accuracy over the operating temperature range.
5.9.4 To minimize errors cause by wind turbulence, the pressure sensor shall be
equipped with a static pressure head device.
5.9.5 If the barometer is vented external to the enclosure, a humidity trap should
be provided to ensure that internal components of the barometer chamber are not
compromised.
5.9.6 In order to lower the power consumption, the sensor shall be powered only
when measured.
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5.9.7 By default, the sensor will be sampled every 10 seconds. One-minute
average value will be calculated using these samples and this value shall be used as
instant data in subsequent calculations, data logging and reports.
5.9.8 The sensor shall be installed at 1.5m – 2.0m above ground.
5.10
Precipitation
5.10.1 The precipitation shall be measured continuously by a tipping bucket or
alternative technology gauge type of sensor.
5.10.2 The rain gauge shall be corrosion resistant and of rugged material. The
sensor design shall minimize the wind-originated airflow which reduces rain catch.
5.10.3 The rainfall sensor shall be installed on a leveled metal platform whose
height is such that the rim of the rain gauge is at 1.5 meters from the ground.
5.10.4 The rain gauge shall have a leveling device.
5.10.5 The user shall be able to replace/change the rain sensor in the system and its
resolution.
5.11
Solar Radiation
5.11.1 The solar radiation sensor shall be suitable for measurement of solar
irradiance on a plane surface (W/m²) in a measurement range of 0 to 2kW/m², or
equivalent.
5.11.2 The pyranometer shall be supplied with a spirit level and screws for accurate
leveling.
5.11.3 To avoid the 10m tower shadowing the sensor at equatorial regions, the
sensor shall be installed southwards and at least 5 meters from the tower, on its own
stand and at a height of 1.5 meters from the ground. It shall be installed as oriented
according to the Ecliptic Sun Path, in order to register the longest time as possible,
without shadow perturbations due to close objects.
5.1.4 The sensor shall have a long-term stability, an operating temperature of -40
to 55°C, and operating humidity of 0 to 100%.
5.11.5 The pyranometer shall be supplied with a calibration certificate and a
manual.
5.11.6 By default, the sensor will be sampled every 3 seconds. One-minute average
value will be calculated using these samples and this value shall be used as instant
data in subsequent calculations and reports.
5.12
Water Level
Only in the hydro-meteorological monitoring station a water level sensor
shall be installed, along with a rain sensor and the communication devices. The
proposed water level sensor shall have the following requirements:
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5.12.1 Pressure Probe: It shall be preferably with digital output, and using
piezoresistive or piezocapacitive technology. It shall compensate for atmospheric
pressure fluctuations. Vent tubes shall terminate inside a desiccant tube to prevent
water vapor form entering the inner cavity of the transducer. The sensor shall be
housed in a stainless-steel case. It shall be able to measure, in the vertical plane,
from 0 to 10m or more, with a resolution of at least 0.1% FS. The minimal
operating temperature shall be from 0°C to 50°C in the water and from 0°C to 60°C
in the air.
The probe shall be connected to a 30m standard cable with possibility to extend it
with an additional cable connected through a connecting box with a grounding kit.
The connection between the instruments and their measurement points must be
sufficiently robust to withstand the effects of shifting river beds. The quality of the
connection shall be ensured with a cable length up to 250 m or more. The cables
shall be built in durable material, resisting corrosion, shocks and vibrations. The
sensors must be the least sensitive possible to the damage caused by river erosion
and sedimentation and should also support to be out of water for long periods. The
immersed sensors shall resist the drying up of the river and thus the prolonged
exposure to the atmosphere and solar radiation. The connection between the
instruments and their measurement points must be sufficiently robust to withstand
the effects of shifting river beds. The power requirements shall be 10 to 30Vdc and
sensor output signal of 4 to 20mA. The diameter of the sensor shall be between 15
to 30mm as this is the maximum allowed. The protector of the sensing element
(nose cap) shall be of threaded type and attached by pressure are not acceptable.
5.12.2 Bubble Sensor: This type of sensor is preferable for Sarapiquí River. The
measurement range of the water level sensor in the vertical plane shall be 0 -15 m,
with at least a measurement precision of the order of 1 centimeter. The temperature
range in the water shall be from 0°C to +60°C and in the air of 0 to 85°C. The
relative humidity range shall be from 10% to 95% non-condensing. This sensor
shall meet all USGS guidelines for water level accuracy, and shall not drift over
time. It shall not require pump maintenance or lubrication. It must have an output
enabling him to be connected directly to the data acquisition station. The
compressed air will have to be generated by a piston pump (maintenance-free
piston) integrated in the sensor.
It shall support three communication options:
SDI-12, 4 to 20mA, or RS-485. The power requirements shall be 10 to 30 Vdc.
The measuring tube shall be able to have a length of 100m or more. Besides the
bubble sensor, this system shall contain the measuring tube, the bubble chamber,
the data logger cable, and any other component necessary for the proper installation
and operation of the sensor.
5.12.3 Shaft Encoder: This sensor is not suitable for the Sarapiquí River due to high
costs of installation and maintenance in the river.
30(39)
6
TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
6.1
General Requirements
6.1.1 The Automatic Weather Stations shall be capable to interface with several
modern telemetry systems. The system shall be capable of operating with minimum
two different telemetry systems simultaneously and independently: A primary
system and a secondary system.
6.1.2 The secondary telemetry options shall be not only a back-up system in case
the primary telemetry system fails, but also a system which feeds continuously a
data collection system if desired.
6.2
Satellite Radio Transmitter and Antenna
6.2.1 The satellite radio transmission set and antenna shall be certified as
technically and operationally compatible with the NOAA GOES DCS. The
transmission of data shall be completely automatic, at time slots and frequencies
specified and allocated by the NOAA GOES satellite operating authority; IMN will
provide the satellite channel IDs and time of transmission. Therefore, the satellite
radio transmitter shall be equipped with an auto-synchronization GPS system.
6.2.2 The AWS shall have the possibility to select self-timed and emergency
transmission to the GOES satellite.
6.2.3 It shall be possible to send/retrieve the data in ASCII characters, if desired
by the user.
6.2.4 The antenna shall be suitable for use in all forms of precipitation and be
capable of withstanding wind speeds up to 100 knots.
6.2.5 The output format of the messages sent to the satellite shall be set up by the
user.
6.3
RF Transmitter
6.3.1 The RF transmitters shall be offered with the antennas, cables/surge
protectors and any other required accessories.
6.3.2 The RF Modem Transmitter to be installed in the hydrologic AWS shall
support communications with narrow-band, UHF/VHF radios; the desired
frequency is 166.125 MHz as in use by ICE in its AWS network. However, the user
shall be able to configure the modem, including changing the desired frequency
(148 - 174MHz). It shall support the following features:
a.
b.
c.
At least 35 km line-of-sight communication distance.
Shall have a working temperature range of -25° to 50°C, a current drain
less than 15mA when active, a voltage input of 7 to 20 Vdc and shall
weight less than 0.2 Kg.
Shall allow remote control of data logger functions and support multiple
radio configurations.
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d.
Shall work with both, mixed-array and PackBus/table-based data
loggers.
e.
It shall work as a field modem connected to a data logger, or as a
standalone repeater not connected to a data logger.
f. Shall be compatible with the existing radio modems used by ICE in its
network; allowing the already existing ICE equipment to create point-topoint network, for sharing of measurement and control tasks.
6.3.3 The RF Transmitter to be installed in the rest of the AWS shall be spread
spectrum 900MHz with a maximum transmission distance of 35Km or more. For
them to be compatible with IMN equipment, they shall work with PakBus data
loggers and shall be able to collect from one or more data loggers and then transmit
the data to a central site. They shall support the following features:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Low current drain
High noise immunity and superior performance in noise congested
environments
Wide operating temperature range (-40 to 75°C)
32 bit Cyclical Redundancy Checking with automatic retransmission
Ability to have standalone RF router/repeaters
7
RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS
7.1
Reliability
7.1.1 The system shall have a demonstrated operational data availability of over
95% for correct, complete and error-free reporting of data.
7.1.2 The data logging component shall be designed and fabricated so that the
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) shall be high; not less than 3 years. This
component shall have a warranty of 3 years or more.
7.1.3 The documented calculation of the MTBF shall be included as a part of the
technical proposal.
7.2
Maintainability
7.2.1 Once the parts, tools and manuals are available, The Mean Time To Repair
(MTTR) of a typical system failure shall not exceed 3 hours. It is preferable that the
MTTR is less than 120 minutes. MTTR shall include failure detection time, remove
and replace of the faulty unit and perform a checkout and any necessary calibration.
A single person shall be able to accomplish the repairs.
7.2.2 In order to accomplish the ease of maintenance at the field:
a.
Connectors and fasteners shall be readily accessible to allow for easy
field replaceable unit (FRU) removal.
32(39)
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.3
The protective system enclosure should have a hinged door with a lock;
all sensors, power and communication cables shall have waterproof
connectors.
All Field Replaceable Units (FRU) shall be easily accessible and easy to
change without special tools. Mounting elements on DIN rails is
preferred, and boards held in place by stainless steel screws.
All connectors, fasteners and screws shall be readily available without
need to remove other parts/units to gain an access to them.
Besides the routine upkeep of cleaning the sensors and changing of
desiccants, the technician shall not have to perform other preventive
maintenance more than once annually.
Remote Maintenance
7.3.1 The system shall be capable to produce, at the user set interval, a
maintenance message containing as minimum the following information:
a.
b.
c.
Internal temperature
Humidity inside the enclosure
Battery voltage
7.3.2 In order to allow complete remote maintenance capability, the user shall be
able to have direct and remote communication with the data logger. The user shall
be able to make, remotely, any change in the data logging program (e.g. sensors
configuration, mathematical calculations, data tables output, etc.)
7.4
Calibration and Preventive Maintenance
7.4.1 The system shall be designed to eliminate or minimize the need for
equipment adjustment, alignments, calibrations and preventive maintenance.
7.4.2 The Supplier shall be able to provide equipment calibrations.
7.5
Warranty, Spare Parts and Consumables
7.5.1 The warranty period for all equipment shall be not less than one year from
the delivery date. The warranty shall cover parts and labor, shipping costs, etc.
Outside the warranty period, the supplier shall undertake to supply spare parts for at
least five years. In their response, the prospective vendors shall submit a schedule
of recommended spare parts and consumables for a five- (5) year period.
7.5.2 In addition, the prospective vendor warrants and represents that: a) the
goods, including all packaging and packing thereof, if awarded a contract, will
conform to the specifications of this document, will be fit for the purposes for
which such goods are ordinarily used and for any purposes expressly made known
in writing in their response, and shall be of even quality, free from faults and
defects in design, material, manufacturer and workmanship; b) that if the vendor is
not the original manufacturer of the goods, the vendor shall provide the WMO with
the benefit of all manufacturers’ warranties in addition to any other warranties
required to be provided under a subsequent contract; c) that the goods will be of the
quality, quantity and description required by the tender, including when subjected
33/39
to conditions prevailing in the place of final destination; d) the goods shall be free
from any right of claim by any third-party, including claims of infringement of any
intellectual property rights, including, but not limited to, patents, copyright an d
trade secrets; e) the goods shall be new and unused; f) all warranties will remain
fully valid following any delivery of the goods and for a period of not less than one
(1) year following acceptance of the goods by the WMO in accordance with a
subsequent contract; g) during any period in which the vendor’s warranties are
effective, upon notice by the WMO that the goods do not conform to the
requirements of a subsequent contract, the vendor shall promptly and at its own
expense correct such non-conformities or, in case of its inability to do so, replace
the defective goods with goods of the same or better quality or, at its own cost,
remove the defective goods and fully reimburse the WMO for the purchase price
paid for the defective goods; and, h) the vendor shall remain responsive to the
needs of the WMO for any services that may be required in connection with any of
the vendor’s warranties under the subsequent contract.
7.6
Maintenance Strategy
7.7.1 All the proposals shall include a strategy for the maintenance of the
equipment during the warranty period and for at least 5 years after cessation of the
warranty. Any additional cost must be clearly indicated and included as an option.
The proposals shall also include a statement on the availability of factor y support
services and expected turnaround time as well as on the minimum period during
which the factory commits itself to provide the spare parts or propose compatible
solutions to maintain the equipment operational.
7.7.2 Detailed documentation for the installation, operation and maintenance shall
be provided for each monitoring station in English and/or Spanish if possible.
Documentation shall provide a sketch and simple organization chart for system
failure diagnosis and first level maintenance.
7.7.3 Minimal equipment shall be necessary for installation, operation and
maintenance. Replacement of defective units shall be easy.
8
TRAINING
8.1
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Training
8.1.1 In case that IMN and their technicians need to become familiar with
instruments and equipment, the Supplier shall offer comprehensive training to cover
the installation, operation, maintenance activities and any other that the supplier
considers necessary. The training shall be carried in Costa Rica, in Spanish and
during at least two working weeks, for 8 persons.
8.1.2 The Supplier shall provide a syllabus of the training to be given with the
submission.
8.1.3 The Supplier shall detail all costs and the responsibility for the training to be
provided, including all materials, travel costs, fees and services.
34(39)
8.1.4 The training shall include theory lectures and practical hands on exercises ,
to fulfill the users and technicians knowledge requirements to become selfsufficient.
9
ACCEPTANCE AND TAKE OVER
9.1
Factory Acceptance Test
9.1.1 The Supplier shall propose and offer the possibility of a Factory Acceptance
Test at Supplier’s factory prior to deliveries. The Factory Acceptance Test
procedure documents and sheets shall be provided at least two weeks prior to Tests,
upon request by customer.
9.2
Site Acceptance Test
9.2.1 The Supplier shall propose and offer the possibility of a Site Acceptance
Test after the instruments have been installed.
9.3
Factory Acceptance Procedures
The proposal shall include a description of recommended factory acceptance
procedures. These shall include the following:
a.
b.
c.
10
10.1
Each monitoring station shall operate satisfactorily in automatic mode
without failure under normal operating conditions.
If power supply the monitoring station is interrupted, a following
reconnection of the monitoring station shall automatically perform a restarting cycle, including re-synchronization of the internal clock,
through the GPS facility.
The capability to transfer a file from the monitoring station to an
external data base shall be demonstrated.
DOCUMENTATION
Equipment/Software Technical Documentation
10.1.1 The Supplier shall deliver all the cable drawings, installation instructions
and drawings, and the User's Guides of all of the equipment and sensors.
10.1.2 The technical manuals shall include all the information required for the
operation, installation, calibration and maintenance of all the equipment and system
components, and shall cover as a minimum the following topics:
a.
b.
Operation: General equipment descriptions, power-up procedures,
operation procedures, possible failures, etc.
Maintenance: Technical descriptions of equipment and functional
description of each sensor, diagram of the interconnection and cabling
between the equipment and guide of failures diagnostics and corrections.
35/39
c.
d.
Installation: Description of required tools set for equipment installation,
mounting and dismounting procedures, adjustments, calibration
procedures, and general maintenance.
Software: Software operation instructions, procedures of installation,
necessary data and parameters loading, logged files accessing and
system configuration tools.
10.1.3 User and maintenance manuals shall be provided in Spanish if possible,
otherwise English is acceptable.
10.1.4 At least two copies on paper and one on CD-ROM of the manuals must be
provided.
10.1.5 Revised manuals or pages covering revisions must accompany any revisions
of the firmware and software, including the resident PC software utilities.
10.1.6 Calibration certificates should be supplied for every sensor and data logger.
10.1.7 The supplier should provide their certificates of conformity to the current
industry-standard quality-assurance.
11
11.1
PAYMENT
Payment Terms and Conditions
11.1.1 The WMO Financial Regulations and Rules preclude advance payments and
payments by Letter of Credit. Hence, payment under the subsequent contract in case of
award, shall be made to the vendor within thirty (30) days from receipt of the Contractor's
original invoice and supporting documentation and in full consideration for the complete,
satisfactory and timely delivery, installation and testing/commissioning of the
Automatic Weather Stations, and performance by the vendor of all its obligations .
11.1.2 The WMO enjoys a special tax status in Switzerland as well as in other
member states. Pursuant to Article 5 of the WMO General Conditions of Contract
for Goods, the vendor shall authorize the WMO to deduct from the vendor’s
invoices any amount representing such taxes, duties or charges, unless the vendor
has consulted with the WMO before the payment thereof and the WMO has, in each
instance, specifically authorized the vendor to pay such taxes, duties, or charges
under written protest.
36(39)
APPENDIX 1: DOCUMENTS TO BE PROVIDED WITH THE
TENDER REPLY
The offer shall contain the documentation listed in this chapter. The lack of
the documentation will be technically assessed as NON FULFILL because of the
lack of information providing the necessary elements for the proper evaluation of
the proposed system and its supplier.
1.
An ISO9001 Quality Assurance System Certificate issued by proper
authorities will be considered as an advantage.
2.
Description of the Quality Assurance Programs (QAP) both used in design
and manufacturing of the offered equipment, including those supplied by a
third party.
3.
Description of the calibration facilities and internationally traceable
standards used in design and manufacturing of the offered equipment.
4.
Financial statements of the company from the last three (3) years showing
that the annual revenue is at least ten times of the total amount of the offer.
5.
Description of at least five (5) similar projects executed during the last five
(5) years.
6.
All the technical specifications shall be addressed by the Bidder one by one
in the form of List of Compliance (LOC), in accordance with the sequence
presented above. The compliance must be detailed in technical terms, merely
stating 'complied' or 'OK' will not be sufficient reply. General, elusive or
vague statements of compliance are not acceptable. The statement shall
clearly detail any deviation or exception to the required technical
specifications.
7.
Wherever necessary, technical information and explanations shall
accompany the statement. The supplier should note that in cases where
technical information and explanation is vital, the failure to furnish such
details in explicit manner may lead to the rejection of the proposal as noncompliance.
8.
The Supplier shall present in his proposal, for evaluation by the Contractor,
the energy power balance analysis of the AWS systems in order to
demonstrate that the batteries and solar panels fulfill the requirements.
9.
To facilitate the process of evaluation, documentation should be provided as
follows:
a.
b.
c.
Complete and accurate data sheets of the offered equipment in Spanish.
Data sheets will include technical specifications of the equipment
offered and not be simple brochures.
Data will be provided in the requested units.
37/39
10.
Documentation should include as a minimum:
a.
b.
c.
Brand and model of equipment offered
Basic principles of operation
As applicable and requested in the specifications: Range, Accuracy,
resolution, response threshold, response time, linearity of the equipment.
d.
MTBF (or as requested included in the entire calculation of the system)
e.
An example of a calibration certificate of the equipment offered, and
details of the calibration procedures to gain acceptable standards
f. Basic non-proprietary mechanical and electrical drawings
11.
The bidder shall provide detailed justification for replacement technologies
offered, clearly demonstrating equivalence or superior performance and
advantages.
12.
The bidder shall provide a Power Budget analysis to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the components chosen for the power system –battery, solar
panel, regulator – to meet the requirements
13.
The bidder shall provide a proposal for a 10m instrument tower, including a
detailed description of the engineering of the tower to meet the specified
requirements. This shall include a plan for primary lightning protection.
14.
The bidder shall provide a detailed training proposal, outlining a training
syllabus, schedules, and all associated costs.
38(39)
APPENDIX 2: EVALUATION CRITERIA
The evaluation criteria will encompass four broad categories: Technical,
management, business performance and cost. For each category several factors will
be used as follows:
Each proposal will be evaluated for compliance with the
specifications, focusing on the proposed system design and technical
approach, the system functional performance in terms of data handling
and data processing, reliability/maintainability/availability, systems
failure/outage recovery and operation, site implementation plans, field
support team, and accommodation of future update or growth.
Configuration, flexibility, openness of the system architecture and
coupling with the already existing AWS managed by IMN/ICE will be
regarded as important requirements.
Management: Each proposal will be evaluated based on the capabilities
of offer's personnel, the quality and completeness of schedules and
plans, the corporate experience, resources and capabilities. The
resources, quality, and availability of field system support,
qualifications of key concerned personnel, and experience with
equipment installation and maintenance in the countries involved in this
procurement will also be evaluated. ISO 9001 certification will be
considered an advantage. In this case, the bidder shall include copy of
the ISO 9001 Certificate and its scope.
Business Performance: Each proposal will be evaluated based on the
record of quality products or services, and conformance to
specifications; record of problems and effectiveness of corrective
actions; adherence to schedules and responsiveness to customer
requests; commitment to customer satisfaction, good business practices
and integrity.
Cost: The cost proposal must be entirely compatible with the technical
proposal. WMO reserves the right to make an award considering any
combination of factors provided that it determines that to do so would
result in the best value to the concerned WMO Member.
a. Technical:
b.
c.
d.
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APPENDIX 3: STATIONS
The sensors and communication devices to be installed in each station are:
Station Name
Sarapiquí Uno
Sensors
Pt, Tp, Hr, Dv, Vv, Pa, Rs
Communication Devices
GOES Satellite
RF Transmitter
Sarapiquí Dos
Pt, Tp, Hr, Dv, Vv, Pa, Rs
GOES Satellite
RF Transmitter
Sarapiquí Tres
Pt, Tp, Hr, Dv, Vv, Pa, Rs
GOES Satellite
RF Transmitter
Hydro-Sarapiquí
Pt, HB
GOES Satellite
RF Transmitter
NOTE:
Pt = Precipitation (Tipping bucket type)
Tp = Air Temperature (thermistor)
Hr = Relative Humidity
Dv = Wind Direction
Vv = Wind Speed
Rs = Global Solar Radiation
PC = Personal Computer
LC = Laptop Computer
Pa = Atmospheric Pressure
H5 = Pressure transducer - range 0/5 m
H10 = Pressure transducer - range 0/10 m
H20 = Pressure transducer - range 0/20 m
H50 = Pressure transducer - range 0/50 m
HB = Liquid Level Bubbler