Publication policy
Authors should ensure that their contribution ms conform as closely as possible to the format set out
here to facilitate publication as speedily as possible.
GENERAL SCOPE
TEXT CONTENT
Content
Examples
TEXT FORMATTING
Submission
Style guidance for authors
Useful template
Text layout
Text
References
Illustrations
Tables
Localities (Place names)
Numbers in text and tables
Units
Nomenclature
Copyright
Acknowledgements
MAPS
Maps formatting
Predictive maps from habitat modeling
MAPS: DATA
Complete and/or validate the SCAR-MarBIN occurrence datasets (ANTOBIS)
Data Workflow
Data standards and dataflows
ATLAS COPYRIGHT
AVAILABLE RESOURCES
ANNEX: list of abiotic layers for predictive maps
1

(Compiled by C. De Broyer, B. Danis, H. Griffiths, May/June/October 2011)
See detailed presentation of the Biogeographic Atlas project, its background, objectives, general content and methodology at: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Atlas_project_2011.doc
For the printed version, the contributors are invited to produce a synthetic text to accompany maps, which explain the key patterns and processes of the biogeography of the taxon, assemblage or environmental parameter under consideration, with key references.
The synthetic text (max 5000 words, see below) should content the following elements, as appropriate:
- Introduction
- Methods , including limitations of coverage
- Biodiversity : General composition and characteristics of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic faunas, numbers (presented in a table) of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic taxa (species, genera, families) with number of endemic taxa; biological traits pertinent for biogeographic analysis: mode of life, reproductive mode
(brooding, larval stages,…), trophic position,…physiological tolerances,…
- Biogeographic patterns :
- Patterns of geographic distribution typical for the taxon or assemblage , e.g.: circumpolar distribution vs allopatric, West vs East/High Antarctic: is there a separate "west Antarctic " fauna or is the Southern
Ocean ss an unique bioregion?), Weddell-Ross Sea connections?, Sub-Antarctic vs Antarctic, importance of Polar Front as a biogeographic barrier, endemism, hotspots and coldspots, different range sizes, bipolarity, impact of molecular approaches (cryptic species) on the formerly established patterns,
- Patterns of bathymetric distribution typical for the taxon or assemblage: Antarctic coastal, shelf
(extending to slope?), slope (is there a typical slope fauna?), deep sea patterns and connections, relationships with other deep sea basins, faunal breaks, eurybathy,…
- Biogeographic zonation (vs Hedgpeth 1970?)
- Relationships/ connections with neighbouring regions (southern South America,…), emergence / submergence,…
- Biogeographic p rocesses: factors determining and process explaing the geographic distribution of the taxon or assemblage.
- (optional: commercial interest of the taxon, conservation status, future research priorities,…)
- References and data sources
As examples of draft texts can be found in the examples folder
(http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/Examples/), for a benthic taxon, for a pelagic taxon and for an environmental parameter
For geographic scope of the Atlas, see: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/Geographic_Scope/
(partly adapted from Antarctic Science)
Submission
All contributions must be in English, double-spaced with a left hand margin with all pages numbered.
Authors whose first language is not English should seek editorial help from English-speaking associates before submitting their manuscript. Spelling must conform to that of the Oxford English Dictionary (e.g.
'z' rather than 's' spellings).
Text should be produced as .doc, .odt, .rtf files.
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Useful template
The Antarctic Map Folio 11 (Hedgpeth, 1969. “Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude”) of the Antarctic Map Folio Series, American Geographical Society, may be used as general template (pdf available at: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/AntarticMapFolio11.pdf
)
Text layout
A title page (1) containing the following information: Title, Name(s) of author(s), and Address(es). Begin the main text on page 2. At the end of the main text come the Acknowledgements, References, Figure captions and Tables. The position of figures should be indicated in the text.
The title should be concise . Authors’ names should be given in full (initials first, or if preferred one forename and surname last). The corresponding author must give an email address. Addresses must be given in full, including postcodes/zipcodes and country. Where there are several authors addresses should be keyed to the relevant authors’ names using superscript numbers.
Text
The text should be concise and synthetic, and should concentrate on the scientific questions investigated
(see initial invitation mail). Text length should be around 3000 words and not exceed 5000 words, with more flexibility for introduction or review sections (for your guidance one full text A3 page from the
“Folio 11” = abt 1750 words).
“Antarctic Science” recommendations have to be followed as appropriate: “Authors should normally keep presentation of results separate from any discussion or conclusions. A good guide to this is that the
Results section should not contain any reference citation. Reference citation is sometimes necessary to framework results, but, where possible, this should be incorporated in the Methods section.”
The main body of the text may be divided up using two orders of heading only. Lists of items, arguments, etc. should be identified with lower case Roman letters.
References
References in the text should be cited in the following forms, as appropriate: ‘According to Bloggs
(1976)....’ ‘It is a long way to walk to the South Pole (Blisters l984).’ With two authors, cite as Smith &
Jones (1898) or (Smith & Jones 1898); where there are more than two authors, cite as Black et al. (1957).
Separate two or more references by commas and place in chronological order. Where an author, or the same group of authors, has published more than one paper in the same year, these should be distinguished by the letters 'a, b, c', etc. Never use the terms ‘Op. cit.’ or ‘ Ibid ’.
Keep the reference list to the minimum: only essential key references should be cited, including web sources (e.g. large databases). When available, please specify Direct Object Identifiers (DOIs), which will be used to crosscheck the provided information as well as to feed the dynamic version of the Atlas.
The accuracy and completeness of references are the responsibility of the author. References must begin on a new page. All journal titles must be written in full and in italics, quoting also the series
(where appropriate), the volume number, and the first and last pages of the article, or where relevant the doi. Publications can only be cited as ‘in press’ if they have been accepted for publication. References to papers ‘in preparation’ and ‘submitted’ will not be allowed. Unpublished reports and theses may only be cited if they are deposited in a library or archive and are thus publicly accessible. Citation of abstracts or posters, either printed or on websites, is not acceptable as they do not contain enough information to contribute significantly to any argument.
Pay particular attention to accents in non-English references. Titles of papers in languages which can be transliterated (e.g. Russian) should appear in the transliterated version followed by the title in English in square brackets. Titles in Chinese or Japanese should be given in English translation and the language
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indicated at the end of the reference in square brackets. In personal communications, the person’s full name and initials and the year of the communication should be given. Please pay particular attention to punctuation and format.
Ashford, J.R., 2002. First report of the CCAMLR Otolith Network. SC-CCAMLR-WG-FSA02.51
.
Barrett, P.J., Payne, A.R., Ward, B.L., 1983. Modern sedimentation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In:
Oliver, R.L., James P.R., Jago J.B. (eds.).
Antarctic earth science . Canberra: Australian Academy of
Science & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 550–554.
Cantrill, D.J., 2000. A new macroflora from the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica: evidence of an Early to
Middle Jurassic age for the Powell Island Conglomerate. Antarctic Science , 12 , 185–195.
CCAMLR. 1995. Report of the Fourteenth Meeting of the Commission (CCAMLR-XIV). Hobart:
CCAMLR, 153 pp.
Gusev, B.V., Grikurov, G.E., Pomyakov, M.M., 1972. Paleomagnetizm izverzhennich porod ostrova
King Dzhordzh (Antarktika). [Palaeomagnetism of igneous rocks of King George Island (Antarctica).]
Geofizicheskiye Metody Razvedki v Arktike, 7 , 105–109.
Schöner, R., Viereck-Götte, L., Schneider, J., Bomfleur, B., 2007. Triassic–Jurassic sediments and multiple volcanic events in north Victoria Land, Antarctica: a revised stratigraphic model. In: Cooper,
A.K. & Raymond, C.R. (eds.) Antarctica: a keystone in a changing world – Online Proceedings of the
10th ISAES. USGS Open-File Report 2007–1047, Short Research Paper 102, 5 pp, 10.3133/of2007-
1047.srp102.
Smith, M.J., 1983. The microbial ecology of sub-Antarctic tundra soils.
PhD thesis, University of Surrey,
256 pp. [Unpublished.]
Stanley, S.M., 1979. Macroevolution, pattern and process . San Francisco, CA: Freeman, 573 pp.
Suarez, M., 1979. Geología de la región al sur del Canal Beagle, Chile. Carta Geológica de Chile . No. 36,
1:500 000. Santiago: Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas. [With supplementary text, 48 pp.]
Thrush, S., Dayton, P., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chiantore, M., Cummings, V., Andrew, N., Hawes, I., Kim,
S., Kvitek, R., Schwarz, A.M., in press. Broad-scale factors influencing the biodiversity of coastal benthic assemblages of the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Research II .
Van den Broeke, M.R., Reijmer, C.H., Van der Wal, R.S.W., 2004. Surface radiation balance in
Antarctica as measured with automatic weather stations. Journal of Geophysical Research , 109 ,
10.1029/2003JD004394.
The references should be set out in alphabetical order and in date order for a series of papers by the same author(s). In the case of various combinations of a group of authors, alphabetical order should again take precedence over date order; groups of two authors come before groups of three, etc.
Illustrations
All illustrations (diagrams and photographs) are referred to as figures and will be included in the text in the final format. Maps will be referred as maps and will appear separately in the page(s) facing the text, or be included in the text, as appropriate. Figures and maps must be cited and be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text. Compound figures should have a general title followed by a description of each part, identified by letters (lowercase, bold and without brackets). All figures should be prepared to fit either a single column width (abt 120 mm) or double column width (240 mm). Exceptionally, very complicated figures will be published in landscape format. Figures should not normally be in a box.
Captions should be presented on a separate sheet. As in the Antarctic Map Folio 11 map explanations
(captions) will be placed at the end of the text and not below the map itself.
All lettering must be clearly legible and must follow journal conventions for abbreviations etc (e.g. Latin names italicized). Labeling should be of consistent size within each illustration.
Tables
Each table should be on a separate page and should be capable of fitting onto a single printed page .
Tables designed to fit across the width (single (120 mm) or double (240 mm) column), rather than the
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length, of the pages are preferred. For large datasets it is recommended that no more than a few representative values be presented and that the data repository is clearly identified. Data must not be presented in both tabular and graphical form. Vertical rules must not be used. Tables must be cited and be numbered with Roman numerals in the order in which they appear in the text. Titles should be brief and written in upper and lower case.
Localities (Place names)
Use Antarctic place names (south of 60°S) according to the SCAR composite gazetteer
( http://www.scarmarbin.be/gazetteer.php?p=search ). For localities north to 60°S, use as far as possible only place names officially approved by national bodies (e.g. French names for the French sub-Antarctic islands, Spanish names for the South American place names,…). Unofficial names must be labeled as such the first time they are used and subsequently given in quote marks : “ ” .
Numbers in text and tables
Spell out numbers one to ten in the text. Follow these examples for specific applications: 3 May 1988,
1976–79, 0.03, 637l (not 6,37l or 6 37l), 800 000, or 8.8 x l05, 7%, 25°l8'35".
Units
Use the International System of Units (SI), and their standard abbreviations, for all measurements of physical quantities. Do not use a full stop or period after SI abbreviations except at the end of a sentence.
Where it is necessary to use non-SI units, e.g. day, abbreviations should follow standard practice for that discipline.
Nomenclature
The complete scientific name (genus, species and authority) should be cited for every organism mentioned. Latin names should be in italics. Names should be those valid under the International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, as they appear in
SCAR-MarBIN’ Register of Antarctic Marine Species ( http://www.scarmarbin.be/rams.php?p=search ) .
Copyright
When quoting from published work permission should be obtained from the copyright holder and the source must be acknowledged in the caption. Acknowledgement of any borrowed material must always be made.
Acknowledgments
Keep this paragraph as short as possible.
Maps will illustrate - at appropriate taxonomic level - distribution patterns that are typical for the taxon or assemblage. As the number of maps will be limited in the printed version (several maps can be presented on a large format page), contributors should select some particular taxa, which best illustrate the distribution patterns of the group. According to the importance of the group (its species richness and taxonomic diversity) 1 to 4 pages of maps can be allocated.
Maps formatting lllustrative maps will constitute the key elements of the Atlas. The taxa distribution maps (such as the ones available on SCAR-MarBIN) will be produced from the SCAR-MarBIN/AntaBIF occurrence database ANTOBIS (( http://www.scarmarbin.be/AntobisMapper.php
). The SCAR-MarBIN mapping team will be in charge of the design and generation of the maps. Each contributor should indicate its selected taxa and check/validate the dataset in SCAR-MarBIN (it is always possible on AntobisMapper to select the datasets and eliminate the ones that might be considered unreliable). The map limits will be
5

adapted for mapping records outside the Southern Ocean, and a type of “bipolar map” (such as the one used in the Antarctic Map Folio 11) may be used when necessary.
Contributors intending to produce their own maps must contact the mapping team (via : bruno.danis[at] gmail.com).
The maps should be prepared according to the following recommendations:
The coverage has to extent to 40°S (at least).
Position of the Antarctic continent should be similar to the Antarctic Map Folio Series (with
Peninsula pointing up left).
For the geographic scope see: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/Geographic_Scope /
The maximum final format of map (in publication) will be A3 or B4.
Map descriptions and captions: As in the Antarctic Map Folio 11 map (long) explanations (descriptions) will better be placed at the end of the text and not below the map itself. Only a short caption will appear with the map, including the explanation of the signs used.
Maps: Predictive distribution maps from habitat modelling
For a selection of species and assemblages/communities, predictive distribution maps based on the suitable habitat modelling methodology will be published. Contributors are invited to propose candidate species (or other level taxa) to be mapped on the basis of two main selection criteria: records.
1. Species should have a validated records dataset (in SCAR-MarBIN) of minimum 50 presence
2. Identifications should have been checked by molecular methods. However, as in many cases the molecular ID has not yet been performed, contributors may propose taxa not yet DNA-checked for suitable habitat mapping.
A team of modellers and experts (Philippe Koubbi coordinator, Bruno Danis, Huw Griffiths, Falk
Huettman, Sophie Mormède, Ben Raymond) will contribute these predictive distribution maps to the
Atlas. A dedicated workshop was recently organized in Brest (27 May-1 June 2011). A list of abiotic and biotic factors to be used in the modelling exercise can be found in annex below (courtesy Ben Raymond and Alix Post) and illustrative maps can be found on: http://share.biodiversity.aq/GIS/Polar%20Macroscope/antarctic/ .
Contributors are invited to propose other factors pertinent for their targeted taxa.
It is expected to publish these predictive distribution maps in dynamic and interactive format on the Atlas online version on SCAR-MarBIN. Below is an example layout of a page map for a taxon.
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Complete and/or validate the SCAR-MarBIN occurrence datasets (ANTOBIS)
The preparation of the Atlas is a unique opportunity to check and validate the SCAR-MarBIN geospatial data compiled over years by the SCAR-MarBIN Network from many different sources.
As this resource will be used for producing the Atlas maps, contributors are invited to check the SCAR-
MarBIN data for their taxonomic groups (( http://www.scarmarbin.be/AntobisMapper.php
), and, if necessary, to complete them (in particular all valid occurrence records of selected taxa from the literature
– including extra Southern Ocean records - should be entered in SCAR-MarBIN).
The procedure to submit datasets to SCAR-MarBIN (metadata submission + dataset submission) is available on the website ( www.scarmarbin.be
; http://www.scarmarbin.be/submit.php
). See specific details for Atlas below.
Data Workflow
It is recommended to follow the steps below to contribute data to the Atlas.
1. new contributed data: prepare and publish metadata using template
(see http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/ATLASTemplate.xls)
2. new contributed data: prepare and publish primary biodiversity data using template
(see: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/ATLASTemplate.xls
)
3. answer online modelling questionnaire
4. write up accompanying text
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5. examine and comment models and maps proposed by vizualisation team
Data standards and data flows
Only occurrence data available for publication through the SCAR-MarBIN/ANTABIF webportals will be considered for the Atlas and for future reference and work. This approach will allow the modelling team to have a quick and easy access to biodiversity data. It will also help revision process and generation of dynamic version(s) of the Atlas, without needing large amounts of work.
The mapping exercise will use both existing and newly contributed primary biodiversity data.
SCAR-MarBIN uses the OBIS schema for data, but will progressively shift towards Darwincore 2.0. The latter standard will improve the interoperability with other relevant data systems, including OBIS or
GBIF, offering the best possible visibility for the data contributors online.
An excel template has been prepared, and is also acceptable for use for the Atlas exercise.
DarwinCore archives: http://www.gbif.org/informatics/standards-and-tools/publishing-data/data-standards/darwin-core-archives/
SCAR-MarBIN standards: http://www.scarmarbin.be/obisschema.php
ATLAS data template: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/Resources/ATLASTemplate.xls
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The content of the Atlas volumes will be placed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 unported licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ), which offers a simple solution to comply altogether with SCAR-MarBIN, ANTABIF, SCAR and IPY data policies as well as with the Antarctic
Treaty provisions on sharing of information (Art. III.1.c). Adopting this licence also encourages re-use of the data and models in many contexts, including the dynamic version of the Atlas.
Relevant resources for the Atlas will be posted continuously in the ANTABIF/SCAR-MarBIN shared repository and/or Dropbox, to ensure all contributors have access to the most up to date information: http://share.biodiversity.aq/Atlas/
If you would like to access or share files, maps, data, etc... (either openly or to the Atlas community), please contact Bruno Danis (bruno.danis [at] gmail.com).
List of abiotic layers selected for establishing the predictive distribution maps of the CAML / SCAR-
MarBIN “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” (in preparation). Courtesy Alix Post (Geoscience
Australia, Canberra) and Ben Raymond (Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart). One asterix (*) indicates the variables shared with the analysis of echinoids; the double asterix (**) mark the three variables used for echinoids exclusively.
Parameter
Depth*
Slope*
Geomorphology
Distance to shelf break
Chlorophylla summer
Source
Smith & Sandwell (1997) http://topex.ucsd.edu/WW
W_html/mar_topo.html
Source data version:
V13.1 (Sep 4, 2010)
Derived from Smith and
Sandwell V13.1 bathymetry data (above).
Mapping based on
GEBCO contours,
ETOPO2, seismic lines
Derived from geomorphic features map.
Feldman & McClain C.R.
2010.
Description and processing notes
Data from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, subsampled from original 1-minute to 0.05-degree resolution and interpolated to
0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation.
Bathymetric slope calculated on 0.1-degree gridded depth data (above), using the equation by Burrough & McDonell (1998). See http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/index
.cfm?TopicName=How%20Slope%20works
Mapped from bathymetric analysis, with features cross-checked from seismic lines. And classified at a scale of 1: 1-2 million
Distance calculated from the coastline to the upper slope as defined in Table 1 of the geomorphic features.
Data span the 2002/03 to 2009/10 austral summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. Near-surface chla summer mean from MODIS Aqua.
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Sea ice* Derived from AMSR-E satellite estimates of daily sea ice concentration at
6.25km resolution (Spreen et al 2008) http://iup.physik.unibremen.de:8084/amsredata
/asi_daygrid_swath/l1a/s6
250/
Southern Ocean fronts Sokolov and Rintoul
(2009)
Concentration data from 1-Jan-2003 to 31-Dec-
2009 used. The fraction of time each pixel was covered by sea ice of at least 85% concentration was calculated for each pixel in the original
(polar stereographic) grid. Data then regridded to 0.1-degree grid using triangle-based linear interpolation.
Distance to nearest seabird breeding colony
Data provided as mean positions (line features) from satellite altimetry. Distance to the polar front also calculated, using the minimum distance from each pixel in the 0.1-degree grid to the middle branch of the polar front.
Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius
6378.137km
Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius
6378.137km
Salinity (winter)
0/50/200/500m
Calculated from the
Inventory of Antarctic seabird breeding sites, collated by Eric Woehler http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc
/biodiversity/display_colle ction.cfm?collection_id=6
1
World Ocean Atlas 2009
(National Oceanographic
Data Center, Silver
Springs, MD, U.S.A.) http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/
OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.ht
ml
See salinity (winter)
Data regridded to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation
Salinity (summer)
0/50/200/500m
Salinity (summer) sea floor**
Modified from World
Ocean Atlas 2009
See salinity (winter)
Data interpolated from original resolution to
0.5-degree grid using « Spline with barrier » interpolation.
NOx (summer)
0*/50/200/500 m
NOx (winter)
0/50/200/500m
Oxygen (winter)
50/200m
Oxygen (summer)
50/200m
Temp (winter)
0/50/200/500m
See salinity (winter)
See salinity (winter)
See salinity (winter)
See salinity (winter)
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Temp (summer)
0/50/200/500m
SST summer*
See salinity (winter)
Feldman & McClain 2010. Climatology spans the 2002/03 to 2009/10 austral summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. Data from MODIS Aqua.
Seafloor temperature* Clarke et al. (2009) Original data derived from World Ocean Atlas
2005 data and provided on a 1-degree grid.
Isolated missing pixels (i.e. single pixels of missing data with no surrounding missing pixels) were filled using bilinear interpolation, and then data were regridded from 0.1-degree grid using nearest neighbour interpolation.
Last glacial ice sheet maximum grounding line
Modified from Anderson et al. (2002)
The location of the LGM grounding line was based on the work of Anderson et al. (2002), but modified to account for the position of the shelf break as identified on the geomorphic map
Derived from sediment types. Granulometry**
Biogenic component in sediment**
McCoy (1991), Griffiths
(2007)
See Granulometry Siliceous vs calcareous.
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